Introduction

Many people are irresponsible when it comes to waste disposal. The most

common areas that people are irresponsibly throwing out their wastes are on the streets,

tourist spots like in the park, road and other open areas. Land wastes is one of the common

problems because of the improper waste disposal caused by humans which could affect the

current living around the world. Polluted land areas are one of the major problems to the

wildlife and humans, which puts risk to their health and life. This wastes might block the

canals and spread harmful and deadly diseases. Also, the fouling smell coming from the

wastes is one of the major causes of health problems, especially on children who have

significantly lower immunity to these things.

The land Is important in daily lives, not just for humans, but also for all the living

organisms in the planet. The fact that 30% of the Earth is covered by land. But as time goes

by, that every part of the land slowly breaking because of the land that are slowly being

surrounded by the wastes and continuously spreading to the different land areas. According

to Bochenski / EEA (2014), Some ecosystems, like the marine and coastal ones, can be

severely affected by poor management of waste, or by littering. Marine litter is a growing

concern, and not only for aesthetic reasons: entanglement and ingestion constitute severe

threats to many marine species. Waste impacts the environment indirectly as well. Directly

or indirectly, waste affects our health and well-being in many ways: methane gases

contribute to climate change, air pollutants are released into the atmosphere, freshwater

sources are contaminated, crops are grown in contaminated soil and fish ingest toxic

chemicals, subsequently ending up on our dinner plates. Illegal activities such as illegal

dumping, burning or exports also play a part, but it is difficult to estimate the full extent of

such activities, or of their impacts.

 Solid waste not only causes disease, stench, and ugliness of landscapes but also

can cause great damage by contaminating soil, water, and air and endangering the health of

humans and other living organisms. Due to the different composition of the wastes, the

hazards of their constituents can also be different. In the solid waste management process,

the collection, transportation, and disposal of these materials should be in such a way that

their human and environmental risks would be minimized. (Dehghaniab et al. 2021)

Improper solid waste disposal causes pollution of air, soil, and water while

indiscriminate dumping of waste contaminates surface and ground water supplies. In urban

areas, solid waste clogs drains, creating stagnant water for insect breeding and floods during

the rainy. Uncontrolled burning of solid wastes and improper incineration contributes

significantly to urban air pollution. Greenhouse gases are generated from the decomposition

of organic wastes in landfills, and untreated leachate pollutes surrounding soil and water

bodies. Health and safety issues also arise from improper solid waste management. Insect

and rodent vectors are attracted to the waste and can spread diseases such as cholera and

dengue fever. Using water polluted by municipal solid wastes for bathing, food irrigation and

drinking can also expose individuals to disease organisms and other contaminated. (Omang

et al. 2021)

Elizabeth et al (2021), reported that indiscriminate waste dumping practice

caused the increasing incidence of diarrhea among under age children in Odukpani,

Akamkpa and Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Despite significant

investments in the waste management sector, solid waste management remains one of the

major environmental sanitation challenges facing the country today and has continually

remained at the lowest level, because industrialization and rapid population growth in many
cities and towns have led to wastes being generated faster than they are collected, and

disposed.

That is why, further study on how to reduce land wastes is important. In this

study, the proponents came up with an idea that helps reduce land wastes by means of

collecting wastes on the ground. A remote-controlled Walking Garbage Collector with

Sensing Device is a trashcan-like walking remote controlled prototype that helps in

collecting wastes in the land areas. The user uses a remote controller to control its

movement on the ground. With the help of its claw machine-like hand, it collects and lifts

small scattered wastes (dried leaves, plastics, cans, cramped paper,.) on its path and place it

directly to the bin. The bin is divided into two parts, the left part contains the non-

biodegradable wastes and the right side contains the biodegradable wastes. It has sensing

device that sensed where the garbage is scattered. The claw machine-like hand only collects

those garbages that was assigned for it. The left hand claw machine-like only collects the

garbages based on the assigned wastes that will be put while the right side follows the same.

The bin also indicate s the user if it is full by sending an SMS to the user’s phone.

This prototype assist humans and helps in making the job of street cleaners or

janitors easier by simply controlling with the remote and wait for it to accumulate the

certain amount of waste scattered in the ground. This study will lessen the spreading wastes

in the land especially if the sun is burning hot. This technology would make a difference in

how the land areas can be cleaned without risking the health of an individual. People may

think that it is only plastics, straws and other things, but this can affect people and wildlife

on the area. Diseases that can affects our health and well being are the major effects of

these wastes especially on the land areas. These things are the reason why the proponents
want to push this project. This one is a possible solution on the current problems that our

society is facing.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to lessen wastes existing in different land areas as much as possible to attain

waste reduction. It also obtain the cleanliness and orderliness of the community to promote

ecological awareness to the residence. This will help all of the organisms to have a clean

environment for having good health. It also helps the species living under water to clean

their habitat and for them to prevent eating harmful substances. The proponents provide

questions for this study:

1. How to make the prototype walk with proper balance along with the weight of garbage

collected?

2. How to control the prototype using remote controller?

3. How to create a monitoring system that can detect if the bin is already full?

4. How can the prototype send a notification to the user if the bin is full?

5. How can the prototype sense the non-biodegradable and biodegradable wastes?

6. How far can the prototype sensed the garbages?

7. How to stop the prototype from falling when there is a bumpy road?

8. How to make the prototype walk with proper balanced along with the bumpy road?
Objectives of the study

The objective of the study is to create a prototype used in collecting scattered wastes that

can help to reduce the amount of wastes present on different land areas. It also aims to

ensure the health and safety of every people and land species.

1.4 Conceptual framework

The study is used to create a prototype of a remote-controlled garbage collector with

sensing device that will cleans land areas without risking an individual’s health. IR Sensor is

connected in dustbin, it is used to detect the level of dustbin where dustbin is full or empty.

With the Help of Sensors, the system can segregate the waste collected in collection point.

As for the proponents to accomplish the final output which is the Remote-Controlled

Walking Garbage Collector with Sensing Device, the inputs given above helped the

proponents to meet the requirements in creating the system of the whole prototype. Also,

these were used by the proponents to utilize and construct the hardware needs and

functions of the whole project.

In the process stage, the proponents used the agile methodology which uses iterations and

sprint to manage tasks. The parts of the process are brainstorming, design, development,

troubleshooting and finalizing. After finishing all these parts, the proponents iterated and

moved to the next task. When all 5 tasks were finished, the prototype was deployed.
In the output stage, the final prototype which is the Remote-Controlled Walking Garbage

Collector with Sensing Device and Monitoring System is fully functional and is used according

to its given specifications.

Theoretical Framework

Tracing and reference counting are normally viewed as the two main,

completely different approaches to garbage collection. However, in A Unified Theory of

Garbage Collection, Bacon et al. showed tracing and reference counting to be duals of one

another, and that all garbage collectors are various types of hybrids of tracing and reference

counting. Intuitively, tracing is tracking the live objects while reference counting is tracking

dead objects.

Broadly speaking, garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory

management (Anastos, 2019). The garbage collector attempts to free the memory blocks

occupied by objects that are no longer in use by the program. It relieves programmers from

the burden of explicitly freeing allocated memory. Moreover, it also serves as part of the

security strategy of languages like Java: in the Java virtual machine programmers are unable

to accidentally (or purposely) crash the machine by incorrectly freeing memory. The

opposite is manual memory management, which is available in C/C++. This gives the

maximum freedom for programmers and avoids the potential overhead that affects program

performance.

Trash present at different locations, both outdoor and indoor is a menace.

Collection of the garbage so that it can be disposed off properly can be a mundane and time-
consuming job requiring human labor. This was avoided by using Robots to automate this

task and increase efficiency. Technologies involved in the development of these automated

systems using sensors and processing units such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi. Most of them

were built more specific to their requirements like which terrain (indoor or outdoor, land or

water) they must work on, and different autonomy levels (manual, remote-control or fully

autonomous were attained or proposed to attain successfully by using IoT for remote-

control and path-planning using image-processing in fully autonomous robots. (Chandra et

Al. 2021)

The latest electronic component such as Arduino Uno, battery 12 V, PIR Sensor,

motor module (L298N) and Bluetooth module (HC-05) have been installed at the circuit. The

boat is controlled with an Arduino Bluetooth controller apps by using a smartphone. The

boats can move and collect garbage from the surface of the lake. This initiative has the

potential to solve the issue of water, air, and smell pollution. (Awang et Al. 2021)

In light of the problem for garbage cleaning in small water area, an intelligent

miniature water surface garbage cleaning robot with unmanned driving and convenient

operation is designed. Based on STC12C5A60S2 as the main controller in the design, power

module, transmission module and cleaning module are controlled together to realize the

function of cleaning and transporting garbage, intelligent remote control of miniature water

surface garbage cleaning robot is realized by the WiFi module. Then the prototype is

developed and tested, which will verify the rationality of the design. Compared with the

traditional manual driving water surface cleaning devices, the designed robot realizes the

intelligent control of unmanned driving, and achieves the purpose of saving human

resources and reducing labor intensity, and the system operates security and stability, which

has certain practical value. (Gao et Al. 2020)

Scope and Limitations

The following are the scope of the study:

1. The prototype garbage collector will be implemented in land areas.

2. The prototype has a remote controller for the user in controlling its direction.

3. The claw machine-like hand will lift the wastes collected from the ground and place it
directly to the bin.

4. The remote controlled garbage collector has infrared (IR) light that sends out a stream
pulses of infrared light whenever someone presses a button.

The following are the limitations of the study:

1. The prototype can only collect small-sized or like cans size of waste.

2. The prototype’s bin can only accommodate limited amount of wastes.

3. The remote controller of the prototype has a limited range in order to control it by the
user.

4. The prototype is not applicable to use during bad weather.

5. The prototype only collects non-biodegradable and biodegradable wastes.

6. The prototype can only collects wastes on smooth roads.

7. The prototype will only collects wastes on the land areas.

Significance of the Study

The study helps to establish reduction of wastes in different land areas in new and

innovative way. The prototype can make a difference in collecting wastes on the land areas.

With the used of Arduino and remote controller, people can extend the ways on how they

can collect wastes without them going out while the sun is burning hot. The design can be

used on land areas where scattered wastes are visible and need to be collected.

The following will benefit from the study.

To the Street Cleaners:

This prototype can assist and help the

Street cleaners that maintains the cleanliness of the environment in the middle of the sun

and risking their safety and health.

They can use the prototype to collect wastes from time to time so that they will have time to

rests for a moment to avoid heat stroke.

To the Residents:

Residents health and well being will be affected during bad weather because of the wastes

scattered on the ground. Collecting wastes using the prototype can protects human and

prevent diseases.

To the Landfills:

Garbage collection reduces the amounts of junks reaches the landfills. By conseving space in

landfills, the production of harmful substances is reduced.

To the Natural Resources:

By managing the waste, it helps in conserving natural resources including minerals, water

and wood.

To the Land and Air:

It helps in minimizing the extraction of resources along with reducing pollution and energy

consumption which is associated with manufacturing new materials.

To the Environment:

Preserving environment is one of the most important things to do. Getting rid of all land

wastes can help the people secure the sources of water.

To the Government:

The government can use this prototype to have a technological advancement in collecting

wastes in different land areas. They can distribute the prototype to every place that requires

the need of waste reduction.

To the Country:

The country cannot survive without a clean environment. Eliminating the wastes on the land

areas can help the country maintain its healthy environment for the people.

For Saving Money:

Green lifestyle helps save money by reducing health bills, by eating healthy foods, breathing

healthy air and drinking clean water.