RANI LAXMI BAI MEMORIAL SCHOOL

PROJECT ON: STUDY OF AN ALLOY

BOARD ROLL NO. -

SUBMITTED TO - Mrs. Anupam Dubey
SUBMITTED BY – Sarthak Verma
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that a bonafide student of

Rani Laxmi Bai Memorial School, Chinhat,
Lucknow has successfully completed the
project of subject chemistry and found the
same under the curriculum of CBSE Delhi.

Chemistry Principal’s External

Teacher’s Signature: Examiner
Signature: Signature:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to my

teacher Mrs. Anupam Dubey and our
Principal Mrs. Sita Sethi who gave me the
golden opportunity to make this project more
attractive on topic Study of an Alloy
and helped in completing this project.

I also came to know about many new things

through this project. I would like to thank my
parents and friends who helped me a lot in
this project.

Chemistry teacher’s Signature:

 CONTENT
1) Identification
2) Acknowledgment
3) Lab certified
4) Lab Experiment
5) Introduction
6) Theory
7) Procedure
8) Bibliography
 Introduction of an alloy

An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of

which at least one is a metal. Unlike chemical
compounds with metallic bases, an alloy will
retain all the properties of a metal in the
resulting material, such as electrical
conductivity, ductility, opacity, and luster,
but may have properties that differ from those
of the pure metals, such as increased strength
or hardness. In some cases, an alloy may
reduce the overall cost of the material while
preserving important properties. In other
cases, the mixture imparts synergistic
properties to the constituent metal elements
such as corrosion resistance or mechanical
strength.
Examples of alloys include red
gold (gold and copper) white gold (gold
and silver), sterling silver (silver and
copper), steel or silicon steel (iron with non-
metallic carbon or silicon respectively), solde
r, brass, pewter, duralumin, bronze,
and amalgams.

Pewter Duralumin

Red Gold Sterling Silver

 Characteristic of an Alloy
An alloy is a mixture of chemical
elements, which forms an impure
substance (admixture) that retains the
characteristics of a metal. An alloy is
distinct from an impure metal in that, with
an alloy, the added elements are well
controlled to produce desirable
properties, while impure metals such
as wrought iron are less controlled, but
are often considered useful. Alloys are
made by mixing two or more elements, at
least one of which is a metal. This is
usually called the primary metal or the
base metal, and the name of this metal
may also be the name of the alloy. The
other constituents may or may not be
metals but, when mixed with the molten
base, they will be soluble and dissolve
into the mixture. The mechanical
properties of alloys will often be quite
different from those of its individual
constituents. A metal that is normally
very soft (malleable), such as aluminium,
can be altered by alloying it with another
soft metal, such as copper.
Although both metals are very soft
and ductile, the resulting aluminium
alloy will have much greater strength.
Adding a small amount of non-
metallic carbon to iron trades its great
ductility for the greater strength of an
alloy called steel.
 Types of Alloy
1) Substitutional Alloy : When the
atoms are relatively similar in size, the atom
exchange method usually happens,
where some of the atoms composing the
metallic crystals are substituted with atoms of
the other constituent. This is called a
substitutional alloy.

For Example : Bronze and Brass

2) Interstitial Alloy : Interstitial alloy refers

to the existence of a pure metal lattice, which
the metal-metal atom bond remains the
dominant one, and the non-metal atoms are
sufficiently small to be accommodated within
the metal lattice without, or with only a limited
degree of, distortion from metal-type
symmetry.

For Example : Steel and Cast Iron

 Lab Experiment
Aim: To analyze a sample of brass qualitatively.
Requirements: China dish, test-tube funnel,
filter paper and common laboratory reagents.

Theory:
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. With the
following.
Composition:
Cu = 60-90% and Zn. = 10-40%.
Thus, Cu and Zn. form the main constituents of
brass. Both these metals dissolved in
50% of nitric acid due to formation of nitrates
which are soluble.
3Cu + 8HNO (Dil.) 3Cu (NO ) + 2NO + 4H₂O
3 3 2

OR
Cu + 8H+ + 2(NO )   Cu + 2NO+ 4H₂O
3
-3 +2

4Zn + 10HNO (Dil.)  4Zn (NO ) + N₂O + 5H₂O

3 2 2

4Zn + 2NO + 10H  4 Zn + N₂O + 5H₂O

3- +2

The solution is boiled to expel the oxides of

nitrogen and the resulting solution is tested for Cu 2+

and Zn ions.
+2
Procedure:
1. Place a small piece of brass in a China dish and heat
this with minimum quantity of 50% HNO so as to
3

dissolve the piece completely.

2. Continue heating the solution till a dry solid residue
is obtained.
3. Dissolve the solid residue in dil. HCI and filter. Add
distilled water to the filtrate.
4. Pass H S gas through the filtrate. A black precipitate
2

of copper sulphide is obtained. Separate the black

ppt. and keep the filtrate for the test of Zn ions
+2

Dissolve black ppt. by heating them with 50% HNO . 3

To this solution add ammonium hydroxide solution.

Appearance of deep blue coloration in the solution
shows the presence of copper ions in the solution.

Result:
The given sample of brass contains - Cu and Zn as the
main constituents.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
owww.wikipedia.com
oNCERT Chemistry Textbook
oCengage Learning (Reference Book)