‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ )ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻰ(‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪» ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‪-‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ‪:‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ «SPSS‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻱ‬
‫»ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻼﻧﺘﺮﻯ« ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ 1382‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﭼﺎپ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1385‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﻯ ‪388‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻭﺍژﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍَﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ 40000‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺮﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ spss‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 15‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺭ ‪SSPS‬‬
‫‪SSPS‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺰﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻼﻧﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻼﻧﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺯﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫‪388‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪88 ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‪ 4000 :‬ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ «spss win‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻱ ‪ ، spss‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ‪spss‬‬
‫‪،‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﻱ ‪ ،data editor‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﭙﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﻩ ‪2222‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻱ ‪388‬‬
‫‪11388‬‬ ‫ﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫‪30‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪SPSS‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻯ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪ ،spss‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ )‪،(missing values‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ‪ spss‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻱ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ templates‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ‪ template‬ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ spss‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻱ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻱ ‪ ، spss‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﻱ ‪، output‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ ،output‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫‪ output‬ﺍﺯ ﻓﻼﭘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻯ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﻱ ‪،output‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﭘﺮﻳﻨﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ‪ help‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻰﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪ spss‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﺳﺖ؛ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻱ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ ، spss‬ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ‪ T‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪-‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻰ‪ -‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ‪ F‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻰ)‪ (selecting random sample‬ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ‪ T‬ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻚﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻰ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﭼﻮﻯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﻜﺎﻟﺴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻛﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻟﻤﻮﮔﺮﻭﻑ ﺳﻴﻤﻮﻧﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺩﻫﻚ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻭﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺲ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻰﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻟﮕﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻔﻰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻞ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻱ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪﻱ ﺗﻮﺃﻡ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﭘﺲ ﺭﻭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻬﻢ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻟﻮﺟﺴﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪SPSS‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻱ ‪ SPSS‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻰ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﺭ ِﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻩ ‪22‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻱ ‪1388‬‬
‫‪1388‬‬ ‫ﺩﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻰ ﻭ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫‪31‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ )ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻰ(‬
‫)ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻰ(‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪ BOLD‬ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪BOLD‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﮕﺸﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺍﻫﮕﺸﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﻡ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻭﺭﻗﻰ ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻭﺭﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺭﺍﺍ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪ SSPSS‬ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ‪PSS‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﭘﻰ‬
‫ﭘﻰ ﻣﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺭﺍﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﺁﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻱ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻰ‬ ‫‪ SPSS‬ﺳﺮﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪SPSS‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬ ‫‪ SPSS‬ﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪SPSS‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﭼﻴﻨﺶ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬‫ﻭ ﺳﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﺢ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ًﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍ ﻣﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻫﻴﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍَﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﺮ ﻣﻰ‬‫ﻳﻦ ﺍﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻯ ﺍﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺍﺯﺯ ﻣﺰﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ‬ ‫)‪ (ANOVA‬ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ)‪(MANOVA‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻩ)‪ (MANOVA‬ﻭ‬ ‫)‪(ANOVA‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ؛ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪﻱ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰ‬ ‫‪ SPSS‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪SPSS‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﻯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪ SPSS‬ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻱ ‪SPSS‬‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻙ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﭘﻰ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻰ‬‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻯ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻯ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪ SPSS‬ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻱ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪SPSS‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﻴﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﻴﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﭼﺎپ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫‪ SPSS‬ﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪SPSS‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ”‪“OUTPUT‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ”‪ “OUTPUT‬ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ SPSS‬ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪SPSS‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﺍﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻰﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻰ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ‬‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻯ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬‫‪ SPSS‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺩﺭﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍژﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺍژﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺮﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻰﻃﻠﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻼﻳﻰ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻂﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻣﻼﻳﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻬﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺪﺷﻪﺍﻯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺴﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻩ ‪22‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫‪11388‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪388‬‬‫ﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫‪32‬‬