HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

2. More Controls
➢ Staff must be authorized to access the
- is the application of both technology and health information system.
systems in a healthcare setting. ➢ Doctors may have permission to update,
change and delete information from the
HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY electronic medical record.
- focuses on tools, programs, and storage of data. ➢ Receptionist, however, may only have
the authority to update a patient’s
HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS appointments.
- cover the records, coding, documentation, and 3. Easy to Update
administration of patient and ancillary services. ➢ Health information systems let doctors
- Refer to any system that: captures, stores, create electronic medical records for
manages, or transmits information related to the their patients. Patient information can
health of individuals or the activities or be pulled up for review at any time and
organizations that work within the health sector copies can be made for the patient upon
- improves the delivery of health services because request.
it ensures easier file access, better control, easier 4. Improved communication
update, and improved communications. ➢ Abet communication between multiple
doctors or hospitals. According to
Government Health IT, medical
professionals must pay close attention
TYPES OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS to confidentiality issues.
➢ District-Level Routine Information Systems
o Municipal or barangay level type of
SIX COMPONENTS OF HEALTH INFORMATION
health information system
SYSTEM
➢ Disease Surveillance Systems
According to the Health Metrics Network (HMN)
o To inform and update the people
1. Health Information Systems Resources
o Enables the policymakers or the
➢ input
government to do better mitigations or
➢ These include the legislative, regulatory,
control in regards on what is happening
and planning frameworks required for a
o Philippine Integrated Disease
fully functioning health information
Surveillance and Response (PIDSR) –
system, and their sources that are
responsible in monitoring the cases of
required for such a system to be
diseases, including surveillance and
functional.
laboratory base
➢ Human resources include:
➢ Hospital Patient Administration Systems (PAS)
o epidemiologists
o Talks about the administrative and
o statisticians
patient information
o demographers
o Encoding the patient’s information
o other HIS staff responsible for
➢ Human Resource Management Information
data collection, processing,
Systems (HRMIS)
reporting, and quality.
o Schedule, time-in and time-out, day-off,
➢ Improvements to HIS require attention
number of leaves available, copy of pay
on the training, development,
slip, educational attainment
remuneration & career development of
o Employee and staff management
human resources
➢ Laboratory Information Systems
➢ Infrastructure includes means of
o See what the doctor was requested in
storage, filing, and retrieval of records
the laboratory
2. Indicators
o Bigger laboratories are using bar code
➢ process
o Lessen the time and error
➢ A core set of indicators and related
➢ Materials Management System
targets is the basis for a health
o Inventory of supplies and materials
information system plan and strategy.
o Supply of reagents and other laboratory
➢ Indicators need to encompass
materials
determinants of health (ex.
socioeconomic and demographic
ROLES AND FUNCTION OF HEALTH INFORMATION
factors, environmental and behavioral
SYSTEMS / ADVANTAGES OF HAVING HEALTH risk factors); health system inputs,
INFORMATION SYSTEM outputs, and outcomes; and health
1. Files are easier to access status
➢ Health information systems have ➢ Important to track the progress of the
revolutionized the way that doctors and health information and system
health care professionals maintain ➢ This includes core indicators such as
patient information. These systems are mortality, morbidity, fertility,
electronic, so the days of hard files and prevalence, and incidence rates.
loose papers are over.
 HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
➢ Indicators should be linked and
harmonized with key indicators in major
international and global initiatives such
as the SDGs, GFATM, and GAVI.
3. Data Sources
➢ process
➢ These can be divided into two main
categories:
o population-based approaches
▪ censuses – primary
sources of information for
determining the size,
geographical distribution,
and characteristics of a
population; ideally held
every 10 years
▪ civil registration – generally reported by individuals themselves,
continuous, permanent,
compulsory, and universal
recording of the
occurrence and
characteristics of vital
events such as live births,
deaths, and changes in
marital status.
▪ population surveys
o institution-based data
▪ individual records
▪ service records – cover
records of health service
providers and records of
events with important
health consequences from
other sectors (ex: records
on unintentional injuries,
homicides, suicides, road
traffic accidents,
environmental incidents,
food, and product safety)
▪ resource records
4. Data Management
➢ process
➢ These cover all aspects of handling from
the collection, storage, quality-
assurance, and flow, to processing,
compilation and analysts
➢ Maintain the quality of the data
5. Information Products
➢ output
➢ sometimes referred to as data
transformation
➢ Data must be transformed into
information that will become the basis
for evidence and knowledge to shape
health action
➢ We can see the trend of certain diseases
by using the data collected
6. Dissemination and Use
➢ output
➢ The value of health information is
enhanced by making it readily accessible
to decision-makers and by providing
incentives for, or otherwise facilitative,
information use.
DATA ELEMENTS
DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES FOR HIS
Consist of facts such as age (or birth date), gender,
race and ethnic origin, marital status, address of
Demographic residence, names of and other information about
Data immediate family members, and emergency
information. Information about employment
status (and employer), schooling, and education.
involves facts, with respect to services provided
(e.g., diagnostic tests or outpatient procedures),
and also typically include charges and amounts
Administrative paid, the kind of practitioner (physician, podiatrist,
psychologist), physician specialty, and nature of
Data
the institution (general or specialty hospital,
physician office or clinic, home care agency,
nursing home, and so forth).
reveals lifestyle and behavior (e.g., whether an
Health Risk individual uses tobacco products or engages
regularly in strenuous exercise) and facts about
Information family history and genetic factors to evaluate
propensity for different diseases.
Health Status reflects domains of health such as physical
functioning, mental and emotional well-being,
(or Health-
cognitive functioning, social and role functioning,
Related and perceptions of one’s health in the past,
Quality of Life) present, and future and compared with that of
one’s peers.
considers data on previous medical encounters
Patient such as hospital admissions, surgical procedures,
pregnancies, and live births, and the like; it also
Medical includes information on past medical problems
History and possibly family history or events (e.g.,
alcoholism or parental divorce).
includes the content of encounter forms or parts
of the patient record. Such information might
Current reflect health screening, current health problems
and diagnoses, allergies (especially those to
Medical medications), diagnostic or therapeutic
Management procedures performed, laboratory tests carried
out, medications prescribed, and counseling
provided.
comprise a wide array of measures of the effects
of health care and the aftermath of various health
problems; they might reflect health care events
such as re-admission to hospital or unexpected
complications or side effects of care, and also
Outcomes
include measures of satisfaction with care.
Data Outcomes assessed weeks or months after health
care events, and by means of reports directly from
individuals (or family members), are desirable,
although these are likely to be the least commonly
available (Donaldson and Lohr, 1994).
Health Information System
- Allows delivery of accurate communication in a
timely manner, enabling decision-makers to
make better-informed choices about different
aspects of the health institutions, from patient
management to annual budget.
- It also upholds transparency and accountability
due to easier access to information.
Reality of Health Information System
1. Supportive legislative and regulatory
environments need to enable confidentiality,
security, ownership, sharing, retention, and
destruction of data
2. Investment from domestic and international
sources
3. Expertise and leadership at national and
subnational levels
4. Infrastructure and policies