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07 专题七 动词和动词短语
07 专题七 动词和动词短语
专题七 动词和动词短语
五年中考
考点 1 动词
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2021 河北,37)The trip really exciting to me. How I wish to go!
A.sounds B.smells
C.tastes D.feels
答案 A 句意:这次旅行听起来很令人兴奋。我多么想去啊!本题考查感官系动词词义辨析。sound 听起来;
smell 闻起来;taste 尝起来;feel 摸起来。本句主语是 The trip,所以后面只能接 sounds。故答案为 A。
2.(2021 安徽,21)We should the friendship that we have developed in the past years.
A.value B.change C.make D.win
答案 A 句意:我们应该珍惜在过去几年里我们已经建立的友谊。本题考查动词词义辨析。 value 珍惜;
change 改变;make 制作;win 赢。根据 have developed 可知,友谊已经建立,故要好好珍惜。
5.(2021 湖北武汉,36)The official newspaper the news of Tiangong-1, for it took a big step forward into
space.
A.heard B.checked
C.believed D.celebrated
答案 D 本题考查动词词义辨析。句意 :官方报纸庆祝天宫一号的消息 ,因为它向太空迈进了一大步 。
celebrate 庆祝,故选 D。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
C.cost D.took
答案 D 句意:——你怎么来宝应的?——乘坐高铁,只花了我 28 分钟就到这里了。本题考查动词辨析 。
spend 花费(时间或钱),主语为人;pay 付(钱),主语为人;cost 花费(钱),主语为物;take 花费(时间),主语通常为 it。
设空处所在句主语为 It,从句意上看是花费时间,应填 took。故答案为 D。
7.(2021 山西,23)—To our eyesight, we'd better relax for a while after reading for a long time.
—I agree with you.
A.harm B.protect C.examine
答案 B 本题考查动词词义辨析。根据常识可知,在长时间读书之后放松一会儿是为了保护视力。harm 损
害;protect 保护;examine 检查。故选 B。
8.(2021 天津,29)The government plans to more jobs for young people in western China.
A.create B.avoid C.borrow D.guess
答案 A 本题考查动词词义辨析。句意:政府计划在中国西部为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。 create 创造;
avoid 避免;borrow 借;guess 猜。根据句意可知选 A。
10.(2020 辽宁营口,9)Last Thursday when I got to the railway station, I I left my ID card at home.
A.realised B.believed
C.thought D.considered
答案 A 句意:上周四当我到达火车站时 ,我意识到我把身份证落在家里了。本题考查动词词义辨析 。
realise 意识到;believe 相信;think 认为;consider 考虑。根据常识可知,到火车站要出示身份证,找不到时意识到
身份证落在家里了。故选 A。
12.(2019 江西,29)You'll have to the books because there aren't enough for everyone.
A.pack B.sell C.choose D.share
答案 D 句意:你们将不得不共享这些书,因为这些书不够每个人用。本题考查动词词义辨析。pack 打包;
sell 出售;choose 选择;share 分享,共享。故选择 D。
13.(2018 天津,23)I am afraid we cannot to take a taxi. Let's go by underground instead.
A.refuse B.afford C.forget D.fall
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2021 山东日照,38)The boy (承诺) he wouldn't be late for school any more.
答案 promised 根据从句中 wouldn't be 可知,时态是过去时,主句应该也用过去时,故填过去式 promised。
2.(2021 吉林改编,25)Our P.E. teacher often tells us that we'll (赢) the game if we pull together.
答案 win 设空处指赢得比赛,will 后接动词原形,故答案为 win。pull together 意为“齐心协力”。
6.(2019 广西北部湾经济区,79)Every time I want to give up, my parents always (鼓励)me to keep
trying.
答案 encourage 句意:每次我想放弃的时候,我的父母总是鼓励我继续努力。本题考查动词的拼写。根据
句意和中文提示可知,此处应填动词 encourage。
7.(2019 浙江宁波,39)At the meeting the boss (赞扬) John for the progress he made.
答案 praised 句意:在会议上,老板因 John 所取得的进步表扬了他。本题考查动词。praise 意为“赞扬”,
此处要用其过去式。
考点 2 动词短语
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2021 江苏扬州,11)He said that he would pass the exam and this to be true.
A.turned out B.put out
C.broke out D.tried out
答案 A 句意:他说他会通过考试,结果是真的。本题考查动词短语辨析。 turn out 结果是;put out 熄灭;
break out 爆发;try out 试验。根据语境可知,设空处应该是“结果是”。故答案为 A。
词汇拓展 含 out 的常见短语还有:give out 分发;find out 查出;take out 拿出;look out 小心;carry out 执行。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
C.get up
答案 A 考查动词短语辨析。由答语可知问句在问:你长大后打算做什么?故选 A。grow up 长大;turn up 调
大(音量);get up 起床。
5.(2021 青海,35)—Could you please some ideas for dealing with students' problems?
—Yes, less homework and more outdoor activities may be good ways.
A.come up with
B.look back at
C.try out
答案 A 考查动词短语。依据语境可知此处指想出解决学生问题的方法 ,come up with 提出,想出;look back
at 回顾,回忆;try out 测试,试验。故答案选 A。
6.(2021 山西,27)In daily life, everyone should the lies. After all, being honest comes first.
A.pay attention to
B.get used to
C.stay away from
答案 C 本题考查动词短语。根据 being honest comes first 可知,每个人都不应该撒谎。pay attention to 注
意,重视;get used to 习惯于;stay away from 远离,躲避。故选 C。
知识拓展 pay attention to 注意,重视;get used to 习惯于;这两个动词短语中的 to 都是介词,后面要接名词/代
词/动名词。
7.(2021 福建,29)—I haven't your phone number yet. Could you say it again?
—Certainly. It's 8250-2336.
A.put up B.written down
C.thrown away
答案 B 本题考查动词短语辨析。 put up 张贴;write down 写下;throw away 扔掉。“Could you say it
again?”意思为“你能再说一遍吗?”,由此可知说话人没有写下电话号码。故答案为 B。
8.(2020 贵州贵阳,41)Drugs are harmful to people's physical and mental health. We teenagers must them.
A.take care of B.keep away from C.get used to
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
11.(2019 河南,30)I asked my father to me at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma
together.
A.pick;up B.turn;down
C.let;down D.cheer;up
答案 A 句意:我让我的父亲六点半在学校门口接我,以便我们可以一起去看望祖母。本题考查动词短语辨
析。pick sb. up(开车)接某人;turn sb. down 拒绝某人;let sb. down 令某人失望;cheer sb. up 使某人振奋。根据
语境和关键词 visit 及 together 可知应该选 A。
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2021 云南,74)We are going to (建立,创建) recycling stations in our town to collect old clothes.
答案 set up set up 创建。
2.(2021 内蒙古包头,81)He didn't like having to (熬夜) to prepare things for the next day.
答案 stay/sit up stay/sit up 熬夜。
3.(2020 新疆,68)We need to c up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
答案 come 本题考查动词短语。固定短语 come up with 意为“想出,提出”,故填 come。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
三年模拟
A 组 基础题组
1.(2021 湖南邵阳模拟,29)—Have you finished your homework, Sue?
—Yes. It me an hour to do it.
A.spent B.took C.cost
答案 B 考查动词辨析。spend 常用于句型“sb.+spend+一段时间+(in) doing/on sth.”。take 常用于句型“It
takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth.”。cost 常用于句型“sth.+cost+money/time”。故此处选 B。
2.(2021 安徽合肥蜀山模拟,25)You'd better be more careful and the same mistakes you've ever made.
A.plan B.repeat
C.avoid D.enjoy
答案 C 考查动词词义辨析。plan 计划;repeat 重复;avoid 避免;enjoy 享受。更加小心来避免同样的错误。
故选 C。
3.(2021 辽宁五城市模拟,3)We should our time well to have a healthy and happy life.
A.waste B.manage
C.take D.improve
答案 B 考查动词词义辨析。 waste 浪费;manage 明智地使用(时间、金钱、信息等 );take 花费(时间);
improve 改善,提高。此处表示“明智地使用时间”,故答案为 B。
5.(2021 山西吕梁二模,28)Parents should let children home and find more about the world. After all, birds
should fly freely in the sky.
A.leave B.enter
C.reach
答案 A 考查动词词义辨析。leave 离开;enter 进入;reach 到达。根据句意可知,此处表示“离开家”,故选
A。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
catch neither”(一只也抓不到)可推测出此处是追赶,故选 B。
7.(2021 辽宁沈阳一模,6)When the best singer in our class , everyone shouted with excitement.
A.made up B.showed up
C.looked up D.put up
答案 B 句意:当我们班最好的歌手出现时,每个人都兴奋地大叫。考查动词短语辨析。make up 组成;和好;
编造;化妆。show up 出现;露面;(使)显现出来。look up 查找;查阅;向上看。put up 举起;挂上;张贴。根据语境
可知,此处表示“出现,露面”,故选 B。
8.(2021 江苏无锡锡北一模,3)When facing failure, a man with a strong mind will instead of giving up.
A.put up B.carry on
C.live on D.depend on
答案 B 句意:面对失败时,意志坚强的人会坚持而不是放弃。考查动词短语辨析。put up 举起,挂上,张贴;
carry on 坚持,继续进行;live on 生存;depend on 取决于,依赖。根据句意可知此处表示“坚持”,故选 B。
9.(2021 山 西 吕 梁 二 模 ,27)TV or video games can't bring us real happiness. Instead, we should some
relaxing hobbies, such as playing sports or travelling.
A.deal with B.turn down
C.take up
答案 C 考查动词短语辨析。deal with 处理,应付;turn down 拒绝,调小(音量);take up 开始学习(业余兴趣、
爱好),占用。根据设空处后的 some relaxing hobbies 可知,表示“学习”一些爱好,故选 C。
10.(2021 天津河北模拟,26)David wrote a story about the life of a sixteen-year-old boy, and it as a book in
2012.
A.pointed out B.found out
C.tried out D.came out
答案 D 考查动词短语辨析。point out 指出;find out 弄清楚,查明;try out 试验;come out 出现,出版,发行。根
据 a book 可知是在 2012 年出版成书,故选 D。
11.(2020 天津红桥模拟,8) Mary wasn't sent to school because her family couldn't it.
A.pay B.afford C.succeed D.accept
答案 B 考查动词词义辨析。pay 付款,常和 for 连用,pay for...意为“为……付款”;afford 负担得起;succeed
成功;accept 接受。根据玛丽没有被送去上学可知,是因为她的家庭负担不起。故选 B。
13.(2020 江西一模,33)If you want to your beautiful dream, you need lots of time and work hard.
A.accept B.stop C.achieve D.find
答案 C 考查动词词义辨析。设空处表示“实现梦想”,achieve 指“(凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
准)”,符合题意。
知识拓展 “实现梦想”还可以用 make one's dream come true 和 realize one's dream 表示。
15.(2021 四川广安岳池二诊,63)The lovely boy who often (分享) his toys with other kids is my
best friend.
答案 shares 根据中文意思可以翻译出来是 share;定语从句中 who 指代先行词 The lovely boy,是第三人称
单数形式,谓语动词应与其保持形式一致,故答案为 shares。
B 组 提升题组
1.(2021 湖北梁子湖期中,22)—If you always yourself with others, you may have much stress.
—I agree. We should believe in ourselves.
A.compare B.communicate
C.connect D.consider
答案 A 句意:——如果你总是把自己和别人进行比较,你可能会有很多压力。——我同意。我们应该相信
自己。考查动词词义辨析。compare 比较;communicate 沟通;connect 连接;consider 考虑。根据语境,再结合短
语 compare...with...(把……和……进行比较)可知答案为 A。
3.(2021 江苏无锡期中,5)China's efforts to stop the spread of COVID-19 will the world's ability to limit the
harm in the near future.
A.imagine B.invent
C.insist D.improve
答案 D 考查动词词义辨析。imagine 想象;invent 发明;insist 坚持;improve 提高。阻止疫情的传播能提高
限制伤害的能力,故选 D。
4.(2021 西藏日喀则二模,21)Students at Green High School often books from their school library and can
them for two weeks.
A.borrow;keep B.lend;keep
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
C.borrow;borrow D.keep;borrow
答案 A 考查动词词义辨析。borrow 借入;lend 借给,借出;keep 保留,是 borrow 对应的延续性动词。短语
borrow...from...“向……借……”,故第一空填 borrow。第二空后面有一段时间 for two weeks,所以应用延续
性动词,而 borrow 是非延续性动词,不能和一段时间连用。故选 A。
6.(2021 湖南长沙二模,22)Many big cities including Beijing and Shanghai have already their citizens to
stay where they work during the Spring Festival holiday to prevent the virus from spreading.
A.called at
B.called on
C.called in
答案 B 句意:包括北京和上海在内的许多大城市已经呼吁他们的市民在春节假期期间待在他们工作的地
方,以防止病毒传播。考查动词短语。call at 拜访(某地);call on 呼吁,要求;call in 请来。根据题意可知,表示呼
吁/要求市民待在工作的地方。故选 B。
7.(2021 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗二模,13 )—Hi, Eric. Judy and I are going to the concert tonight. Would you like to
?
—Sorry, I'm not available. I have to go to a volunteer project.
A.come up with B.join us
C.take part in
答案 B 考查动词短语辨析。come up with 想出,提出;join us 加入我们的行列,和我们一起;take part in 参与
(某事)。根据语境“今晚要去听音乐会”可知,我想邀请埃里克和我们一起去。故选 B。
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5 年中考 3 年模拟让每一位学生分享高品质教育
—I have tried many times. The tickets have been sold out.
A.fail B.finish
C.succeed D.stop
答案 C 句意:——试着再预订一下票。你会成功的。——我已经试过好多次了。票已经卖完了。考查动
词词义辨析。fail 失败;finish 完成;succeed 成功;stop 停止。结合句意可知选 C。
11.(2019 广西河池一模,36)Stephen Hawking, a great scientist, had a strong will(意志). His serious illness never
him living a meaningful and colorful life.
A.stopped;from B.protected;from
C.saved;from D.learned;from
答案 A 本题考查动词短语辨析。stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事;protect sb. from doing sth.保护某
人免受……之害;save sb. from doing sth.拯救某人;learn sth. from sb.向某人学习……。此处表示“疾病不能阻
止他享受生活”,答案为 A。
知识拓展 阻止某人做某事:keep sb. from doing sth., stop sb. from doing sth.,prevent sb. from doing sth.。
12.(2021 江苏无锡期中,38)Though money isn't everything, it still (要紧) a lot to the poor.
答案 matters 根据中文意思可知单词为 matter,主语是 it(第三人称单数形式),谓语动词 matter 应与其保持
一致,故填 matters。
13.(2021 上海普陀二模,47)Pouring rubbish into the river will (pollution)the water we drink.
答案 pollute 句意:往河里扔垃圾将会污染我们喝的水。考查动词。pollution“污染物”,是名词,其对应的
动词为 pollute。根据句子的时态“一般将来时”可知,助动词 will 后面接动词原形,故填 pollute。
14.(2021 成都武侯二诊,2) The movie,Hi, Mom, r a fact that mom knows best and loves her kid
most.
答案 reflects 句意:电影《你好,李焕英》反映了一个事实,妈妈最了解,最爱她的孩子。考查动词。根据句
意可知,设空处表示“反映”了事实,因此填 reflect, 而句子的主语 The movie 是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词
应与其保持一致,故填 reflects。
15.(2021 成都高新二诊,3) In China, it is a tradition to s the guests with a whole fish at the end of a
meal because the whole fish is a symbol of richness.
答案 serve 考查动词。根据传统习俗和“the guests”“a whole fish at the end of a meal”可推知,在中国,饭桌
上最后一道菜是一整条鱼,这是招待客人的一项传统。故填 serve。
16.(2020 内蒙古鄂尔多斯模拟,Ⅶ,2)我们通常把祖国比作母亲。
We usually our motherland our mother.
答案 compare;to “把……比作”用 compare...to,根据 usually 判断用一般现在时。
知识拓展 compare with 表示“与……相比较”。
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