⼆

Number
Complex
Euler
'
s Formula : ei =

cosotjsino

Conjugate : real
part unchage , imgnaypartx -1

Conjugate Properties
Z-atbjz-a-bjz.it
:

= 2a Rh Real Part
# Imh
Z -

= -2
bj Imgngze
* 2
ZZ ⼆
Catbj ) ( abj ) =
cibj 2

= citb

Eri 式 哋 Conjugate both base and

exponent.ie
=

避作 與
*

Add All ,

( [ ZH
ˋ
= [#

非 =
-
11

All
Multiply

☆
LZ =
0

L ( atbj ) =
0

rd =
rcosotrjsino
⽣
Sino i odd function
Odd function :
✗ (七) :-x (七) cos 0 i even function

Even function : Xct ) =

✗ (七)

Manipulation of
Signal :

Multiply with constant

Add
Multiply with another signal consider ah see
-
:

Time

Time shift :
usually x [ n_n ] 。

lntvei shift to to left ( Adana

when right ( Delay) when we i

Time reflect :

Reflect
along the origin

Time XCxt)
Scaling
For x > 1 :
Compression ( Skip frames to )
'

x< I : Dilation ( Iframe → More slow )

✗ ( 0 : Reverse time [ still Compression / Dilation ]

Shift first ,
then Scale ,
Even signal
xct) 火 七) (
eg.co 0 )
⼆

To find Xevenct ) It ) txct ) ] 江

-

Odd
Signal
xc-tti-xctjleg.su )
-

To find Xoddlt ) :
[ xtrxct ) ]讧

Period
Signalto To to

li.eint/Aperiodic:notperiodic.Pois onSum:Onesignel
Repeated every
second

infthelfron-xt.to
repeated )

i Poison Sum is
always perodic ,
Real Exponential :
xct ) = eat
it have the eat
Special i
always
dd i time -
shift :

g.
dtk-qkeat-ixct-ir.CI eiet

Real Sinusoid :
✗⼼ =
cos ( wtt 0 )

Offset where ( not 0:00 )

angle 4 it starts
:
aymore
width of
Angular frequency w : curve s .

Unit Step Function :

switch from 0 to I or I to 0

ult-TJ-uct-Tzi.ME
Signal
Window i

wet ) :

delay ,
旦

Properties of Impulse Signal .

infinateat.to , else
I) everywhere 0 .

2) Total area is I i 5% 批) = 1

3)
Integral is unit step function : cut ) = % Sltjdt

4) Scaled Impulse : 5% ksctrk 5% 批) = k

5)
Sampling Property xctjsct ) :
=
xcossctfi Because only to have vi)

6)
Sitting Property ( 篩選1
7) Intmite
Energy 。

灼 8 (七)

Sampling Property 非 live

:

curve

whole xctn Multiply with 和

⼆
xct 1 。 x Sct )
I i Other points at 和 are 0 .

one
pt
Generally :
xct ) xft.to )
=
✗ ( t.to ) Sltto )

ilowst

Multiplying by a Shed Impulse

:

Sampling property t
Shifting of 和
6) Sampling Pwperty
go.%eAt.to
Sitting Property
:

Sfxuscthidt ) 此 ⼆

=
xctn 5 % 批 to ) dt =
Mo )

eeihhoperty 2)

Multiply a
signal Mi with a shifted impulse Sltt )

from
Intgrate to too xctoj

Int
⼗)
Energy ,

8 (七) hasinf Energ i Doesn4

Rdlg Exst ,

EXE
Complex Exponential :

Et
S-ajwgimaginagest_ecotjuittteot.dz
) ⼆

_
=
, '
Rd Epotential Complex sinusoid

Realgonentialx Gmpkxsinusoid Complex

eponential.ee
=

etiEdcoslwt.it djsncwuhnped Oscillation)

For real part : doslwt )

if do if 670 if o_o

numm
 sided
One -

Complex Exponenticl
Re { duct ) } :

ifocoinv.mn
if c > 0 :

Left sided Complex Exponentnl

uct )

( S =
otjw )

CT :
E DIE i
z
"

( E =
'

e )

S =
otjw ( called complex frequency )
E : 2
1 {s} : Growth /
Decg Rte
Im { s }
feqnugfoschon
:
wi

"
Z ⼆⽇ ⼼ =
niwn
Damped Oscillation :

yi

cosunjzisincwnJLdt-sidedlRght-sidd.PT
" "

zn =
=
1到

Complex Simsid : .

when "

unitcirckilze
"
o_o :
Z =
e
:

d
"

1咋
"
和} =
E ,
⼆ = coscwn ) +
jsihcwn )
 》 - ⽇ 烈 0

I: Period
City .

2 :

Periodicity of PT
frequency ,

⼀
anyintger
⼼ 無N = 是 不 (f =
蚩)

cos@nji.with
cos ( w ( nt N ) ) = cos ( wntw N ) ⼆

rational f the

DTsinuosoidisperiodicPeriodicitgof.PT
a
,

Frequency :

period (
ie.wtznkn-wjftk-DAK.co
frequency
DT is

,
because come is even function :
costx ) = co

i.WS ( 0 9 xznn )
.
= cos ( -0.9 ✗ Zan )
𤥂
 Maximum frequency of DT Signal s ,

The highest frequency of PT

signal is S :
主 ( i.e.com ) ,

iftk-f.it E [ ⼀⽣ 赱 ]
,

frequency of oscillation = 0 : constant