Republic of the Philippines

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

Cauayan Campus

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION REVIEWER

 Communication is a two-way process of transmitting and receiving messages.

 Communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions
through speech, signals, writing, or behavior.
 Communication is defined as the imparting, conveying, or exchange of ideas, knowledge and
information.
 Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a
common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.
 Sender chooses his/ her purpose, crafts the message accordingly and decides on how to deliver the
message.
 Channels are the means by which the message is sent.
 The sender is the participant who initiates the communication process and establishes the purpose
of the message. On the other hand, the receiver is the one for whom the message is intended and
sent. In simultaneous communication, these two components consecutively interact with each
other, making a participant a “transceiver”, sending and receiving messages at the same time
(Chesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, 2007).
 The message contains the information, thought, and feelings that a communicator expresses to the
other participant in the communication process. As previously mentioned, the sender determines
the purpose of the message, and this can be one of these forms; to inform, to persuade, or to take
action.
 The channel or medium identifies how the message is delivered. N a verbal and face-to-face
communication, air serves as the medium, and messages are transmitted through sound and light
waves. A channel can also be sensory such as how somebody holds or shakes hands with you. It
can also be any other means like use of technology or any other medium (i.e. telephone, e-mail,
voicemail, video recording, written memo).
 The feedback is the receiver’s response to the sent message. This makes communication a two-way
process. It indicates how the message is interpreted- how it is seen, heard, understood; it conveys
the receiver’s emotion or feelings about the message and toward its sender.
 Context affects the way communicators send and receive messages. It refers to the circumstances-
situation, condition, environment-where communication occurs. According to Roebuck (2006),
environment can include room temperature, lighting, furniture, timing, as well as the climate and
relationships that exist between the communicators. 
 Noise is defined as an impediment to successful communication. It is anything that hinders shared
understanding. Generally, noise is classified as external, internal, and semantic.
 Communicators bring into their interactions their own value system or culture, preferences, world
views, self-concept, expectations and experiences.
 Spoken and written words refer to verbal symbols. The use of spoken or written symbols in making
and interpreting meanings is called verbal communication.
 Written Communication. If you need a permanent record or proof of the interaction, if the content
of your message is complex and confidential, and if you want a formal response, you should opt for
written communication (Satterwhite & Olsom-Sutton, 2007), which frequently comes in the form of
memoranda, letters, and reports, and is transmitted through any conventional or online means and
services, such as through the post office or e-mail, respectively.
 Spoken or Oral Communication.  The spoken form is characterized as more fluid and simultaneous
compared with the written form. Spoken messages may be sent through telephone, face-to-face,
broadcasts, or presentations.
 Nonverbal messages are comprised of signals, characterized as visual, audible and movement clues.
Vocal tones, facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, body movements, physical appearance, and
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 manners are all examples of nonverbal representations. The use of these symbolic physical
behaviors, other than written or spoken language, is called nonverbal communication.
 Intrapersonal communication involves one person; it is often called “self-talk.” (Wood, 1997) Donna
Vocate’s book on intrapersonal communication explains how, as we use language to reflect on our
own experiences, we talk ourselves through situations. For example, the voice within you that tells
you, “Keep on Going! I can DO IT!” when you are putting your all into completing a five-mile race;
or that says, “This report I’ve written is pretty good.” Your intrapersonal communication can be
positive or negative, and directly influences how you perceive and react to situations and
communication with others.
 Interpersonal communication normally involves two people, and can range from intimate and very
personal to formal and impersonal. You may carry on a conversation with a loved one, sharing a
serious concern. Later, at work, you may have a brief conversation about plans for the weekend
with the security guard on your way home. What’s the difference? Both scenarios involve
interpersonal communication, but are different in levels of intimacy. The first example implies a
trusting relationship established over time between two caring individuals. The second example
level implies some previous familiarity, and is really more about acknowledging each other than any
actual exchange of information, much like saying hello or goodbye.

 “Group communication is a dynamic process where a small number of people engage in a

conversation.” (McLean, 2005) Group communication is generally defined as involving three to eight
people. The larger the group, the more likely it is to break down into smaller groups.
 To take a page from marketing, does your audience have segments or any points of
convergence/divergence? We could consider factors like age, education, sex, and location to learn
more about groups and their general preferences as well as dislikes. You may find several groups
within the larger audience, such as specific areas of education, and use this knowledge to increase
your effectiveness as a business communicator.
 In public communication, one person speaks to a group of people; the same is true of public written
communication, where one person writes a message to be read by a small or large group. The
speaker or writer may ask questions, and engage the audience in a discussion (in writing, examples
are an e-mail discussion or a point-counter-point series of letters to the editor), but the dynamics of
the conversation are distinct from group communication, where different rules apply. In a public
speaking situation, the group normally defers to the speaker. For example, the boss speaks to
everyone, and the sales team quietly listens without interruption.
 Mass communication involves sending a single message to a group. It allows us to communicate
our message to a large number of people, but we are limited in our ability to tailor our message to
specific audiences, groups, or individuals. As a business communicator, you can use multimedia as
a visual aid or reference common programs, films, or other images that your audience finds familiar
yet engaging. You can tweet a picture that is worth far more than 140 characters, and you are just
as likely to elicit a significant response. By choosing messages or references that many audience
members will recognize or can identify with, you can develop common ground and increase the
appeal of your message.

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