North L egon Li ittle Camp us

End of Third Term Examination

CHEMISTRY 1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.
Year 8
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name on all the work you hand in.

Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
 2

1 The elements in the periodic table have different chemical symbols.

Draw lines to connect the element to its chemical symbol.

element chemical symbol

aluminium K

argon Ca

potassium C

calcium Ar

carbon Al

[3]

2 Chemicals can be elements or compounds.

Tick (
) the box to show which chemicals are elements and which chemicals are
compounds.

The first one has been done for you.

chemical (formulae) element compound

water (H2O)

carbon dioxide (CO2)

hydrogen (H2)

helium (He)

magnesium (Mg)

[2]
 3

3 Amrit investigates the enzyme amylase.

She already knows these facts.

The enzyme amylase breaks down starch in the mouth.

The pH in the mouth is 7.
Iodine solution is very dark blue when there is starch.
Iodine solution is yellow when there is no starch.

(a) She uses this apparatus.

acid acid water alkali alkali

pH3 pH5 pH7 pH9 pH11

iodine

starch amylase stopwatch measuring

solution solution cylinder

(i) At which pH do you predict the enzyme amylase will work best?

[1]
 4

(ii) Amrit wants to check her prediction by doing an investigation.

Some variables need to be kept the same and some need to be changed.
Tick (
) the variables she needs to keep the same.

variable

volume of starch added

pH of the solution

temperature of the solution

volume of amylase added

[1]
(iii) Amrit wants to control risks when carrying out this investigation.
Suggest one way she could make sure she is safe.

[1]

(b) Amrit writes her results in a table.

pH result
3 stays dark blue
5 changes from dark blue to yellow very slowly
7 changes from dark blue to yellow very quickly
9 changes from dark blue to yellow very slowly
11 stays dark blue

(i) What conclusions can you draw from Amrit’s results?

[2]

(ii) Suggest two different ways to improve Amrit’s investigation.

2 [2]
 5

4 Rusting is an example of a chemical reaction that is not useful.

(a) Mia investigates the conditions needed for iron nails to rust.
She uses this equipment.

air oil

water boiled water

calcium
chloride

A B C
water and air no air dry air

(i) In which boiling tube will the nail go rusty?

[1]

(ii) Complete the equation to describe this reaction.

Choose words from the list.

aluminium

carbon dioxide

iron

oxygen

water

…………....… + ………..…..….. + ……….……….. rust

[2]

(b) Describe two things Mia could do to iron to stop it from rusting.

2 [2]
 6

5 Zoran has an unknown element.

He wants to know if it is a metal or a non-metal.

Zoran writes down his results.

When I heated one end of the element, the other end

got hot very quickly.

The element did not dissolve in water.

The element is an orange colour.

(a) Do you think this element is a metal or a non-metal?

Which one piece of evidence in Zoran’s results made you decide this?

[1]

(b) Describe two other differences between metals and non-metals.

[2]

6 Complete the word equations.

(a) + sodium  sodium chloride

[1]

(b) + oxygen  magnesium oxide

[1]

(c) iron + sulfur

[1]
 7

7 (a) The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

Complete the table to show their properties.

property solid liquid gas

same shape as
shape fixed shape
container

fills the entire

volume fixed volume
container

can it flow? no

can it be
only a little bit
compressed?

[3]

(b) The particle theory of matter can be used to explain these properties.

Circles have been used to represent the particles of a liquid.

liquid

(i) Draw circles to represent the particles of a solid and of a gas.

solid gas

[2]
 8
(ii) Liquids can only be compressed a little bit.

Explain why.

[1]

(c) Gases exert a pressure on the walls of a container.

What causes this pressure?

[1]

8 (a) Define the term isotope.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The table gives information about four particles, A, B, C and D.

Complete the table.

The first line has been done for you.

number number number nucleon symbol

particle
of protons of electrons of neutrons number or formula
A 6 6 6 12 C

B 11 10 12

C 8 8 O2–

D 10 28 Al 3+
[7]

(c) Mercury has several naturally-occurring isotopes. One of these is shown.

204
80 Hg
204
(i) How many neutrons are there in one atom of the isotope 80 Hg ?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
204
(ii) How many protons are there in one atom of the isotope 80 Hg ?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Determine the number of electrons in the mercury(II) ion, Hg2+.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 12]
 9

9 Jamal investigates the diffusion of ink in water.

He uses this apparatus.

10°C 20°C 30°C 40°C 50°C 60°C

Jamal records the time it takes for the ink in each tube to diffuse evenly.

Here are his results.

temperature of water time taken to diffuse

in °C in minutes
10 24
20 23
30 16
40 12
50 8
60 4

(a) The same volume of water is used in each test tube.

Why is this important?

[1]
 10

(b) Jamal draws a graph.

25

20
time /
15
minutes
10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

temperature of water / °C

(i) Finish plotting the graph using Jamal’s results.

[1]

(ii) Jamal thinks that the result for one temperature is wrong.

The wrong result is at °C. [1]

(iii) Draw the best straight line through the correct points.

[1]

(c) Jamal notices his results show a pattern.

Describe the pattern of his results.

[1]

(d) Suggest one way Jamal could improve his investigation.

[1]
 11

10 The table shows information about four elements.

These four elements are in the same group in the Periodic Table.
They are in the same order as they are found in the Periodic Table.

melting point boiling point state at room size of atom

element
in °C in °C temperature (comparison)

fluorine -188 gas

chlorine -102 -34

bromine -7 liquid

iodine 114 184 solid

(a) There is a trend in the melting and boiling points of these elements.

Use this trend to predict:

(i) the melting point of fluorine °C [1]

(ii) the boiling point of bromine °C [1]

(b) (i) Room temperature is about 20°C.

Predict the state of chlorine at room temperature.

[1]

(ii) Look at these numbers.

133 99 114 64

The numbers represent the size of the atoms.

The larger the number, the larger the atom.

Use these four numbers to complete the size of atom (comparison)

column in the table.

[1]
 12

(c) Fluorine has two electron shells.

It has the electronic structure of 2.7

This can be shown on a drawing:

Chlorine has the electronic structure 2.8.7

Draw the electronic structure of chlorine in this box.

[3]
 13

11 A student investigates the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.

The hydrochloric acid is in excess.
The student uses the apparatus shown in the diagram.

hydrogen gas
gas syringe

small test
tube held by
a piece of
cotton

zinc power
hydrochloric acid

(a) What should the student do to start the reaction?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The student reads the volume of gas in the syringe every minute.
The results are shown in the table.

time in minutes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
volume of gas in cm3 0 23 35 45 50 53 55 55

(i) Plot the results on the grid on page 5.

 14

60

50

40
volume of gas / cm3

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
time / min

(ii) Draw the best curve through the points.

(iii) Explain why the volume of gas stays the same after six minutes.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[5]

(c) The student does the experiment again.

The only difference is that the student uses warm, rather than cold,
hydrochloric acid.
On the grid, draw the shape of the graph you would expect for the
experiment with the warm hydrochloric acid.
[2]
 15

(d) (i) Balance the equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.

Zn + … HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

(ii) Name the compound which has the formula ZnCl2.

...................................................................................................................................
(e) Zinc is an element.
State the meaning of the term element.

......................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................[1]

12 Plants make a variety of coloured pigments.

A student extracted red colouring from four different plants, R, S, T and U.
The student put a spot of each colouring on a piece of filter paper.
The filter paper was dipped into a solvent and left for 30 minutes.
The results are shown below.

start of experiment result after 30 minutes

filter paper

R S T U R S T U
solvent

(i) What is name given to the process shown in the diagram?

[1]

(ii) Which plant contained the greatest number of different pigments?

[1]

(iii) Which two plants contained the same pigments?

[1]
 16

13 Different metals are added to water.

Some of these metals are added to acid.

Here are the results.

metal observation with water observation with acid

bubbles of gas and metal

zinc no reaction
slowly react
it floats and then a flame is
potassium —
seen
reacts quickly producing
calcium bubbles of gas
many bubbles of gas

platinum no reaction no reaction

a few bubbles of gas when

nickel no reaction
the acid is warmed

(a) Write the five metals in order of reactivity.

Start with the most reactive metal at the top.

most reactive

least reactive [1]

(b) Name another metal that reacts in a similar way to potassium.

[1]

(c) Why is there no result shown in the table for potassium being added to acid?

[1]
 17

14 (a) Anneka puts a piece of magnesium in a solution of copper sulfate.

copper sulfate
solution

magnesium

A reaction takes place.

The word equation for the reaction is:

magnesium + copper sulfate
magnesium sulfate + copper

Why is this reaction called a displacement reaction?

[1]

(b) Anneka puts a piece of magnesium in a solution of lead nitrate.

A displacement reaction takes place.

Write the word equation for this reaction.

+ +

[2]

(c) Anneka puts some copper in a solution of sodium chloride.

There is no reaction. Give a reason.

[1]
 18

15 Chromatography can be used to identify amino acids from a sample of protein.

The diagram shows the chromatogram obtained when four samples of amino acids were
analysed. The paper was sprayed with ninhydrin.

solvent front

chromatography
paper

origin

1 2 3 4 level of solvent

original positions of
samples of amino acids

(a) Why is the origin line drawn in pencil?

[1]

(b) Which amino acids could possibly be the same?

[1]

(c) Which amino acid sample contains more than one amino acid? Explain your answer.

sample

explanation

[2]

(d) Suggest why it is necessary to spray the chromatogram with ninhydrin.

[1]

[Total: 5]
 19

16 Davinder investigates the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.

Magnesium chloride and hydrogen are made.

(a) Write the word equation for this reaction.

+ +

[1]

(b) He uses this apparatus.

volume scale

movement as gas
is produced gas syringe

acid

magnesium

(i) What safety precaution does Davinder need to take?

Explain your answer.

[2]

(ii) How could he make sure his results are reliable?

[1]
 20

(c) The table shows his results.

total volume of gas in

time in seconds
syringe in cm3

0 0

20 30

40 45

60 55

80 60

100 60

70

60

50

40
total volume
of gas in 30
syringe / cm³
20

10

0 20 40 60 80 100
time / seconds

(i) Finish plotting the graph using the results from the table.

[1]
(ii) Draw the line of best fit to complete the graph.

[1]
(iii) Use your graph to find out what time the reaction finishes.

seconds [1]
 21
(iv) Complete this sentence.

The reaction is fastest between seconds and seconds. [1]

(d) What could speed up the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid?

Tick (
) three boxes.

Use a less concentrated hydrochloric acid.

Add a catalyst.

Use the same mass of magnesium but as a fine powder.

Use the same mass of magnesium but as one large lump.

Increase the temperature of the acid.

Decrease the temperature of the acid.

[2]

17 A student investigated the rate of reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and excess magnesium
at room temperature.
The apparatus was set up as shown in the diagram.

dilute
hydrochloric
acid
measuring
cylinder

magnesium
ribbon water

30 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid were added to the conical flask containing magnesium ribbon. The
timer was then started and the volume of gas collected in the measuring cylinder was measured
every 20 seconds for 180 seconds (3 minutes).
 22

(a) Use the measuring cylinder diagrams to record the total volume of gas collected in the table.

measuring cylinder total volume of

time / s
diagram gas collected / cm3
30

0 30
35
40

40

20
45
50

50

40
55
60

55

60
60
65

70

80
75
80

80

100
85
90

85

120
90
95

85

140
90
95

85

160
90
95

85

180
90
95

[2]
 23

(b) Plot the results on the grid and draw a smooth line graph.

100

90

80

70
total volume
of gas collected
/ cm3
60

50

40

30
0 40 80 120 160 200
time / s
[3]

(c) (i) Which result is anomalous?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest a possible reason for this anomalous result.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Use your graph to deduce the total volume of gas that you would have expected to
collect instead of this anomalous volume.
Show clearly on the grid how you worked out your answer.

................................. cm3 [2]

 24

(d) Explain why the total volume of gas collected does not increase after 160 seconds.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) The average rate of the reaction can be calculated using the equation shown.

volume of gas collected / cm3

average rate of reaction =
time / s

(i) Calculate the volume of gas collected between 20 seconds and 40 seconds.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the average rate of reaction between 20 seconds and 40 seconds.
Include the unit.

average rate of reaction = ........................................... [2]

(f) Room temperature was 20 °C.

Sketch on the grid the graph you would expect if the experiment were repeated at 30 °C. [2]

(g) Suggest why the reading on the measuring cylinder was 30 cm3 after the acid had been added
and before the timer had been started.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 17]
 25

18 (a) The table shows some properties of cobalt, copper, magnesium and tin.

relative heat density in melting point relative

metal
conduction g / cm3 / °C strength

cobalt 1.00 8.90 1495 55.0

copper 3.85 8.92 1083 32.0
magnesium 1.50 1.74 649 1.5
tin 0.64 7.28 232 1.0

Answer the questions using the information shown in the table.

(i) Which metal is the best to use for the base of a pan for cooking food?
Use information in the table to give reasons for your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Which two metals in the table are transition elements?

Use information in the table to give reasons for your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Which metal in the table is most likely to be used in an alloy for aircraft bodies?
Use information in the table to give reasons for your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Some observations about the reactions of the four metals with hydrochloric acid are shown in
the table.

metal observations
cobalt Bubbles formed very slowly.
copper No bubbles formed.
magnesium Many bubbles formed very rapidly.
tin A steady stream of bubbles formed.

Use the information in the table to put these metals in order of their reactivity with hydrochloric
acid.

least reactive most reactive

[2]
 26

19
Particles behave differently when in different physical states.

(a) Solids have a fixed volume and a definite shape.

Gases have no fixed volume and take the shape of the container.

Describe the volume and shape of liquids.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) C
 omplete the table to show the separation, arrangement and movement of particles in each
physical state.

state separation of particles arrangement of particles movement of particles

solid

liquid touching one another randomly arranged move over one another

gas

[6]

(c) Name the following changes of state.

(i) Ice turning into water.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Solid carbon dioxide turning directly into gaseous carbon dioxide at room temperature.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]
 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

115 127
27

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 119 122 128 131

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

226 227
Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).