Understanding

Culture,
Society, and
Politics
11
2nd Quarter
Module 9

Social Mobility
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics– Grade 11 Self – Learning Module
Quarter 2 – Module on Social Mobility
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Ma. Kathleen S. Adona
Editor: Gerolyn A. Postrano
Reviewers: Bernard Balitao and Lazaro P. Torres Jr.
Illustrator: Crisanter N. Mendoza
Layout Artist: Rhea L. Labesores
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMDS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City
 Understanding Culture
Society and Politics 11
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 09

Social Mobility
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, Grade 11 Self-

Learning Module on Social Mobility

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Self-Learning

Module on Social Mobility

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

In this lesson, the students are expected to:

1. Explain the characteristics of types of social mobility.
2. Demonstrate the factors of social mobility in personal lives.
3. Perform the social mobility system.

PRETEST

THIS OR THAT
Direction: Choose between This and That. Write THIS if your answer to the questions
are in this column and write THAT if the correct answer is found in that column.
Write your answers on your activity notebook in UCSP.
THIS SITUATION THAT
1. Protects a person
Closed Society from a familiar Open Society
surroundings.
2. Change in the
occupational
position or role of
Vertical Mobility Horizontal Mobility
an individual or a
group without any
change in position.
3. Takes place within
Intra-generational
Intergenerational Mobility the lifespan of a
Mobility
person.
4. It is known as the
Education passport for any Skills and Training
position.
5. It is the change in
Socio-economic Status Social Mobility
position.
 RECAP
MULTIPLE MATCHING
TYPE

Directions: Match column A (world’s economies) with the correct country on

column B. Match column B with the correct Gross National Income (GNI) on
column C. Match column C with the correct theories on global stratification on
column D. Create your own table and write your answers on your activity notebook
in UCSP. Please see example below.

A B C D
Low-Income South Korea $4,046 to Symbolic-
Economies $12,535 Interactionism
Theory
Low-Middle Mexico $1, 035 Dependence
Income Economies Theory
Upper-Middle Philippines $12,536 Modernization
Income Economies Theory
High Income Ethiopia $1, 036 to $4, Social Conflict
Economies 045
Example:
A B C
Upper-Middle Income Thailand - $ ? Theory 1
Economies - Thailand Theory 2

LESSON

SOCIAL MOBILITY
Do you know the games: coin toss, monopoly, and snakes and ladder? Are you
familiar with these games? If yes, let’s play and associate these games to social
mobility.
 The common toss coin game is a simulation of how
wealth is distributed in society. The winner can keep
coins while the loser can lose his or her coins. Like in
society, an individual can be rich, remain on the same
level, and lose more.

At the beginning of
monopoly activity, all participants or players are
equal. They receive the same amount of money and no
properties at all, yet. Throughout the game, an
individual who has greater capital can buy properties
and continue to invest more, while some players may
come to the point of bankruptcy due to less resources.
Like in real community, the resources are limited
despite of the peoples’ unlimited needs and wants.

Last activity is Snake and Ladder. Everyone knows

this classic board game. At the beginning of the game,
everyone has an equal chance to go up the ladder and
finish the game. The game wouldn’t be exciting and
interesting without hindrances. In this game, it’s the
snake who can pull down one’s standing and
achievement. Going back to real life, struggles,
conflicts, and challenges are part of the individual’s
life. This is the proof how well he or she can pull and
push forces for him or her to reach his or her dream
status.

These are simple games when you were young, and out of nowhere, you’ve
realized that these games also depict the competition within the society.

Going back to the paradigms we’ve discussed before, according to structural-

functionalist, society is determined with social rewards. The most important and
functional citizens in the society deserve recognition and remarkable rewards. While
the social conflict theory argues that society is a setting full competition of limited
resources.

What do you think are the common aspects from these games?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
Fig. 1 Mind Map of Social Mobility (Created by Ma. Kathleen S. Adona, Social Stratification,
September 28, 2020, Coggle, Pasig City, Philippines, https://coggle.it/diagram/X3KxrXiILGsc-
uQ8/t/social-mobility).

In every game and activity, everyone aims to be a winner and to be on top.

And, in every game, in order for the player to win is he or she needs to move and
change some strategies and tactics. That’s how social mobility works.

Social Mobility is the shift, change, and movement in the position of an

individual or groups to another position or status. According to sociologist Sorokin
in his book, “Social and Cultural Mobility” that no society is completely closed system
and absolutely open system. Barber in his own understanding, interpreted social
mobility as to see the significant role is evaluated as either higher or lower.
Comprehensively, there is a scarce in the good things of life and individuals need to
compete, but at the same time cooperate to gain as well.

Social Mobility System

Types of Mobility

1. Horizontal Mobility – changes occupation but remains in the same level or

social standing.

Example: Engineer to teaching career

Engineering Education
Teaching Engineering

Carlo shift to another occupation but remain in the similar social position as
professional.

2. Vertical Mobility – change in occupational, economical, and political status.

Example: businessman to low status young entrepreneur to high

status

businessman high status

bankruptcy entrepreneurial
skills

low status young entrepreneur

John experienced bankruptcy due to the pandemic. This descended his high
status to low status. Belle use her entrepreneurial skills amidst the challenges
brought by the health crisis. This ascended her low status to high status.

3. Intergenerational Mobility – one generation changes its social status. The

movement is across generations.

Example: Maria’s father is a tricycle driver and Maria is an accountant. This

is an example of upward intergenerational mobility.

The following condition seen from this example is the difference between
Maria’s father’s job from hers. Another instance is the downward intergenerational
mobility. Julie is a teacher and her son JC is a factory worker.

4. Intra-generational Mobility – one changes his or her position, the other does
not. It moves up or down the social ladder. This mobility is about the
individual’s life span. In his or her lifetime he or she can move down and move
up the social standing.

Example: Cinderella was an only child. Her father remarried a widow with two
daughters. Later, her father died and she lived with her stepmothers and two
stepsisters. Fast forward, she met the Prince and got married. Cinderella is no longer
the maid of her step family.
 In this instance, it tells about Cinderella’s lifespan. In this case Cinderella had
mixed mobility. She was moved down when her father died and then moved up when
she married the prince.

5. Occupational Mobility – this is the shift to one occupation to another. This

is affected by the skills and educational requirement of the jobs.

Example: Robert is a factory worker then he decided to put up his own

business. Now, he is an owner of the Samgyupsal Restaurant in Pasig. This example
is an upward vertical mobility.

For the downward mobility, Ayi is a former call center agent, then she decided
to be a swindler. This is a downward mobility because the society does not recognized
her way of earning.

Exercise:

Jae is from the middle class. His parents are both professionals.
Unfortunately, his parents were scammed. His parents sold their house and lived
with his grandparents. Jae dreamed to be an artist. He formed a musical band. His
band got international recognition. Jae started his own music company and later in
his life, he is also a professor of Music subject in a prestigious University.

What do you think is the social mobility of Jae?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

Factors of Social Mobility

1. Motivation – This is the driving force to improve social standing and better
way of living.
2. Achievements and Failures – The way to boost the self-esteem of individual
is through remarkable achievement and recognition. Failure also bring the
best of the individual. One he or she experience failure he or she has two
paths, it may take him or her to both positive and negative.
3. Education – This is known as the passport for any positions and the social
equalizer in society. Since time immemorial education is one of the basic
requirements.
4. Skills and Training – It gives improvement for the position. Every professions
and vocations require experience for industrialization. Industrialization needs
ability and training.
5. Migration – This is a pull or push factors. This is set for different openings
and opportunities. Like for instance, a family moved from rural to urban. They
moved to cities for work, education, and the like. This will relate to
urbanization.

Positive Effects of Social Mobility

1. Everyone aims for improvement in living standards. In doing so, people may
change their professions and move from rural area to urban area.
 2. People can interact with different communities and new culture. In this way
it only shows the improvement in terms of national unity.

3. There can be greater affinities for personal freedom.

4. It can adapt the obsolete customs like traditions and norms.

Negative Effects of Social Mobility

1. Social mobility can have a negative impact on ethnic and cultural heritages.
Like for instance, the constant standoff of religions.

2. Some people were encourage by the luxurious lifestyle of others that can
increase the crime.

3. Social mobility can increase unemployment.

4. Unequal division of population in industrial areas and cities.

ACTIVITIES

IN OR OUT
Direction: Identify the types of social mobility portrayed in every situation.
Determine whether it’s vertical mobility, horizontal mobility, intergenerational
mobility or intra-generational mobility. Write your answers on your activity notebook
in UCSP.

1. Professor Koo transferred to another university.

2. Milagrina obtained her doctorate degree last June, 2020.
3. Poor woman Jobelle married Sheen Kim, the owner of the top shipping
company in the Philippines.
4. A fisherman’s son who rose to become an engineer.
5. Pepito Manaloto won the lottery. It changed their lives after winning a huge
amount of money.
I LIKE TO MOVE IT!
Direction: Complete the table with your authentic experiences by describing the
factors that affect your social standing. You may also ask your three (3) classmates
to share their experiences with you. Write your answer on your activity notebook in
UCSP. The first row was given to you as examples.

Achievement Ability and

Motivation Education Migration
/ Failures Training
I give rewards I passed the I got a degree The city I can speak
to myself once Licensure in Bachelor in provides more English,
 I accomplish Examination Secondary opportunities Filipino, and
my task on for Teachers Education. than in our Korean.
time. province in
Quezon.

WRAP-UP
You have learned in this lesson the social mobility that exists in society.

How well have you learned? Please rate yourself honestly.

The rating scale as follows:

5 – I understand this concept so well, I can apply it, and I can explain it in my own
words.
4 – I understand this concept and I can explain it.
3 – I can do most of it.
2 – I understand a little with help.
1 – I have no idea. I need help.

E-LEVEL UP: CHECK MY PROGRESS

5
4
3
2
1
Types of Social Mobility Factors of Social Mobility Social Mobility System

VALUING

Everyone aims for better living. You can achieve any status you desire. But,
do not forget that in every action, move, and change there will be positive and
negative consequences. So, be prepare for it.
How about you; what are your takeaways from this module?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Direction: Read the following carefully and write the letter of your answer to your
activity notebook.
1. What is intra-generational mobility?

A. The changes in the position of individual to another.

B. The changes in status within parents and generation.
C. The changes in a person's social mobility throughout the course of his or
her lifetime.
D. None of the options are correct.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Intergenerational mobility focuses on social changes between generations,
while intra-generational mobility focuses on social changes within a
person's lifetime or the same generation.
B. Intra-generational mobility focuses on social changes between generations,
while intergenerational mobility focuses on social changes within a
person's lifetime or the same generation.
C. Both intra-generational and intergenerational mobility focus on social
changes within a person's lifetime.
D. All the options are correct.
3. The following are negative impacts of social mobility, which is NOT?
A. Increase crime rate
B. Decrease unemployment rate
C. Cultural and social discrimination
D. Unequal distribution of population
4. Why social mobility exists in society?
A. People desire for higher education.
B. People desire for better living.
C. People desire for economical demands.
D. All of the options are correct.
5. What is/are the positive side/s of being a member in a closed system society?
A. It shelters individuals from frustration.
 B. There are various kinds of social interaction.
C. It protects a person from unfamiliar surroundings.
D. A and C

KEY TO CORRECTION

5. D 4. D 3. B 2. A 1. C
POSTTEST
Korea
South may vary
*Answers
Income – $1, 035
ACTIVITY
High (I Like to Move
Ethiopia - It)
5. Intra-generational Mobility
Mexico to $4, 045
4. Intergenerational
Middle – Mobility
- $1, 036
3. Vertical Mobility
Upper- Philippines
2. Vertical Mobility
1. Horizontal
Philippines Mobility Theory
$12,535
Middle – $4,046 to dence
ACTIVITY (In or Out)
Low- Mexico - Depen-

Theory $12,536 Ethiopia

5. That
zation Korea - 4. This–
income
Moderni- South Low-
3. That
C B A
2. That
1. This
RECAP PRETEST

References
Books

Arcinas, Myla M. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon CIty,
Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House. Accessed September 05, 2020.

San Juan, Wilfredo R., and Ma. Luz J. Centeno. 2011. Sociology, Culture and Family
Planning. Pasig City, Philippines: Unlad Publishing House. Accessed
September 05, 2020.
Internet Sources

Adona, Ma. Kathleen. 2020. Social Mobility. Pasig City, Philippines. Accessed
September 28, 2020. https://coggle.it/diagram/X3KxrXiILGsc-uQ8/t/social-
mobility.
n.d. Ecosia. Accessed September 28, 2020.
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-mobility-the-meaning-
types-and-factors-responsible-for-social-mobility/8539 .
n.d. Ecosia. Accessed September 28, 2020.
https://classroom.synonym.com/education-survival-games-5958723.html .

n.d. Ecosia. Accessed September 28, 2020.

https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/coin-
toss?mediatype=illustration&phrase=coin%20toss&sort=mostpopular .

n.d. Ecosia. Accessed September 28, 2020.

https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/snakes-and-
ladders?mediatype=illustration&phrase=snakes%20and%20ladders&sort=m
ostpopular .

n.d. Ecosia. Accessed September 28, 2020.

https://www.deviantart.com/jdwinkerman/art/Monopoly-Board-2013-
454874066 .

n.d. Ecosia. Accessed October 01, 2020.

http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.edu.20150504.03.html#Sec2.5 .

Sweeney, Nicole, ed. 2017. Ecosia. Crash Course. September 26. Accessed September
26, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjuV-XdYHhA.