MIL (MIDTERM EXAM)

- It displays a list of websites when key words

HOW TO BECOME A WELL-INFORMED INDIVIDUAL? are entered in the search field.

- Reading Books and Printed Materials

- Listening to Radio or Watching News on
Television
- Asking Questions from reliable resource URL – Uniform Resource Locator
person
- Refers to a webpage’s address
SOURCE OF INFORMATION

• Theses (Thesis) and Dissertations

- Thesis – refers to a scholarly or academic
research of either an undergraduate or a
master’s degree student.
- Dissertation – refers to the scholarly work of a
doctoral students.
• Interviews
- Is also an example of primary source
- One on one
guidelines which a researcher should remember
before conducting an interview
a. Prepare the question ahead of time and skim
thorough before commencing the interview
b. Observe professionalism by setting an
appointment at your interviewee’s
convenience.
c. Be punctual to show courtesy to the
interviewee
d. Ask for the interviewee’s consent before
taking photos or recording the interview so as
not to invade his privacy.
e. If the interviewee is a minor, ask for a parental
consent before conducting the interview.
f. During the interview, pay attention and listen
carefully to the interviewee.
g. Thank your interviewee for his time. You may
consider him a token of appreciation
• Museum
- A researcher can go to a museum to find
resources for his study,
- Primary sources (artifacts, arts work, fossils,
paintings, text, and many more)
- Secondary sources (copy or replicated like
bible, Noli Me Tangere, Jewelries, History
books and many more)
• Internet
search engine - A program capable of
searching documents in the web using specific
key words.
FINDING SOURCES OF INFORMATION IN A BOOK
• TOC – Table of Contents
- Displays the page number opposites its topic
title and found on the preliminary pages of the
book.
• Index
- This is where you can search specific concept,
term, or name. Presented with the page
numbers and some of them have subtopics
that related to the main key word.
• Glossary
- Provides a list of concepts or terms with its
corresponding meaning
• Bibliography
- This is where the sources which the author
used in writing a book appear.
ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION - Citing of sources in
form of footnotes, endnotes, and bibliography is
the ethical way of declaring and protecting the
intellectual property of an individual.
PLAGIARISM - Using other people’s words and
ideas without clearly acknowledging the source of
the information. - Ethical issue
COPY RIGHT INFRINGEMENT – Legal issue
PUBLIC DOMAIN – free for everyone’s use
COMMON KNOWLEDGE or GENERAL KNOWLEDGE –
Facts that can be found in numerous places are
likely to be widely known.
EX. Rodrigo Roa Duterte was elected President of
the Philippines in 2016
INTERPRETATION or ANALYTICAL KNOWLEDGE – You
must document facts that are not generally know,
or ideas that interpret facts.
EX. Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball
player ever to have played the game
PARAPHRASE – Using someone’s ideas, but
rephrasing them in your own words. Although
you will use your own words to paraphrase, you
must still acknowledge and cite the source of the
information
TYPES OF MEDIA
• PRINT MEDIA – known as the press, refers to
materials that are written and are physically
distributed.
- This type of news media used to be the only
way of delivering information to the public.
Ex: Newspapers – printed and distributed on a daily
or weekly basis. They include news related to
sports, politics, technology, science, local news,
national news, international news, birth notices,
as well as entertainment news related to fashion,
celebrities, and movies. Today’s parents grew up
with this type of printed media.
2 types of newspaper
Broadsheet– the target readers are usually
the professionals who prefer reading
formal news and in-depth analysis of
issues.
tabloid–pegged for those who prefer
reading condensed news and
entertainment articles that uses informal
language.
Magazines – printed on a weekly, monthly,
quarterly, or annual basis. It contains information
about finance, food, lifestyle, fashion, sports, etc.
Books – focused on a particular topic or subject,
giving the reader a chance to spread their
knowledge about their favorite topic.
Banners – used to advertise a company’s services
and products, hung on easily-noticed sights to
attract people’s attention.
Billboards – huge advertisements created with the
help of computers. Their goal is to attract people
passing by.
Brochures – a type of booklet that includes
everything about one company – its products,
services, terms and conditions, contact details,
address, etc. They are either distributed with the
newspapers or hand over to people.
Flyers – used mostly by small companies due to
the low cost of advertising. They contain the basic
information about a company, their name, logo,
service or product, and contact information, and
they are distributed in public areas.
• BROADCAST MEDIA – Media such as radio and
television that reach target audience using
airwaves as the transmission medium.
- They are considered “household” media
because they can be found in practically any
corner of a home.
Ex: RADIO – is one of the oldest means of
entertainment, and today people often hear it to
find out weather and traffic while commuting.
TELEVISION – it’s the number one broadcasting
media due to its reach to the audience.
- Each channel delivers a different type of
content, so you have a separate channel for
news, drama, movies, sports, animation,
nature, travel, politics, cartoon, and religion.
FILM – it’s the best type of mass media to promote
cultures and spread social awareness.
- Similar to a television show as it offers a
variety of themes and genres.
MTRCB – Movie and Television Review and
Classification Board
- Responsible for the review and classification of
television programs, movies and publicity
materials.
• NEW MEDIA (INTERNET) – An electronic
communications network that connects
people through various networks and
organizational computer facilities around the
world.
SOCIAL NETWORKS OR WEBSITES – They are user-
friendly and widely used by people around the
world. Although we can be misleading because of
the lack of regulations on the content shared.

PODCAST – a series of audios focused on a particular

topic or theme. We can listen to them on a
computer or a mobile phone. It’s a platform that
allows anyone to share their knowledge and
communicate with the world.

- Digital Audio File

VODCAST – Video Audio File

MEDIA CONVERGENCE or TECHNOLOGY CONVERGENCE –

It interconnects information with communication
technologies, computer networks, and media
content.

- It allows an audience to consume more than

one type of media from a single platform.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD MEDIA PRACTITIONER

• Truthfulness – Media practitioner should

convey a message or information that is
accurate, factual, and truthful.
• Fairness and Objectivity – The information or
message disseminated by practitioners
should be objective and based on grounded
evidence.
• Responsibility and Integrity – Media
practitioners are expected to show
professionalism regardless of the situation
they are in.
• Empathy and Sympathy – Being in the media
does not give practitioners the right to use
job for personal gains.
• Hard working - The public depends on the
information media practitioners deliver that
is why they are expected to work hard in
sourcing accurate information.