MEDIA AND INFROMATION LITERACY XII CHARACTERISTICS

• A text is any media product we wish to examine

PEOPLE MEDIA • A text is effortful to comprehend
• A text has its limitations too
 People - human beings making up a group or assembly or • Images can communicate everything at once
linked by a common interest, a body of persons that are
united by a common culture, tradition, or sense of kinship,
that typically have common language, institutions, and
beliefs, and that often constitute a politically organized group

 Media - the main means of mass communication

 PEOPLE MEDIA - an assembly of people with a common

PARTS OF THE TEXT
interest where they become the main means of mass • Titles
communication. In other words, people are media -allows the reader to identify the overall topic of the text
themselves since they have the ability for mass and understand the main idea.
communication. • Headings
-allow the reader to identify specific topics and also
People in Media – they are the people behind another form of divide the text into sections.
media. They use other forms of media such as text media, visual • Bold Print and Italic
media, multimedia, etc. in disseminating information and -use to signal the reader that the word is important
• Charts, Tables and Graphs
imparting knowledge.
-used to organize large amounts of info to small space
• Illustration
People as Media – they are the MEDIA itself. The person serves as
-helps the reader to understand the information in a
the medium for another person to learn or acquire new
visual way
knowledge • Caption
-used to explain the illustration
TYPES TEXT TYPES, FORMAT and SOURCES
• Types
Idea Generators - ex. Writers -Brochures, magazines, textbooks and instruction
Speakers - active people media such as Personal Relations people, manuals, newspaper article,
newscasters, politicians Encyclopaedia
Users - especially in the internet where content is highly user- • Formats
generated, everyone is a user -Documentary, news article, interviews, advertisement,
images
CHARACTERISTICS • Sources
• Credible- able to be believed, capable of being believed; -books, magazines, newspaper, articles
plausible. Worthy of confidence; reliable.
• Flexible- knows how to use a range of technology; able to ADVANTAGES
change or to do different things Availability
• Charismatic- appeals to the senses of different people -printed materials are already available on a variety of
• Updated- in the know of the latest information topics and in many different Formats.
• Articulate- expressing oneself easily in clear and effective Flexibility
language - They are adjustable to many purposes and maybe used
in any lighted environment
ADVANTAGES Portability
 Flexibility - can correct mistakes last minute (thought- - They’re easily transported to another place without the
process) aid of machine or electricity
 Interactive User-friendly
 Ability to process the feelings of its media receivers - Easy to use, no extra effort to search
 Ability to maintain relationships between sender and Economical
receiver -inexpensive to produce or purchase
 Fast feedback between sender and receiver
LIMITATIONS
ISSUES INVOLVED
- The most obvious drawback of text as a knowledge building and
 Reliability- Capable of being relied on; dependable
communication tool is that it lacks the inherent expressiveness of
 Plagiarism- the practice of taking someone else’s work or
ideas and passing them off as one’s own speech. 

TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA
Text – a simple and flexible format of presenting information or
conveying ideas whether hand written, printed or displayed on-
screen.
 -A transcript may accurately record the spoken words, but the
strategic and emotive qualities and impact of speech are
diminished on the page.
VALUE

Text Information  New information

• A nonfiction writing written with intention of informing the -informational text contributes to readers understandings
reader about a specific topic. of a wide range of topics.
 Varying Formats
-reading informational text provides students exposure to
content presented. This exposure presents text variety and
offers
Ex: graphs, charts, primary sources, brochures, manuals,
and other documents.
 Analytical Thinking
-reading information in presentations other than narrative
requires that readers practice different skills of
interpretation and analysis.

 Motivation
-Kids wants to know the how and why behind things. That’s
why informational text is necessary as it feed kids one by one
information to what is happening around them.

VISUAL TEXT

-is a text that we view

-the images work together to create a meaningful patterns,
symbols, ideas and messages for the reader
-the words and images work together to create meaning
Ex:
movie poster
film
video games
photographs
music videos
advertisements
paintings
picture books

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR TEXT INFORMATION

• The news should be shocking and surprising

• It should be fresh

• The news should involve well-known person in the public

eye

• Time publication

Design Principles and elements

Emphasis

Appropriateness

Proximity

Alignment

Organization

Repetition

Contrast

24341

TYPEFACE

VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA
Visual media and information
- Sources of data or information in the form of visual
presentation.
- Requires interpretation of data gather
- materials, programs, applications and the like that
teachers and students us to formulate new information
to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and
production of visual images.
Types of visual media :
photography, video, screenshots, infographics, data visualization
(charts and graphs), comic strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-
taking, etc)
Formally and informally produced visual media – visual media
produced by formal organizations such as schools, government,
and established media/publishing outfits are considered formally
produced. Other visual media are considered informally
produced.
Purpose of visual information – the primary purpose of visual
information is to gain attention, create meaning, and facilitate
retention
Visual design elements - the building blocks or basic units in the
construction of a visual image.
The Design Elements are:
a. Line – describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and
can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual, implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
b. Shape – usually a geometric area that stands out from the
space next to or around it, or because of differences in value,
color, or texture. Shape may also be organic.
c. Value – the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the
contrast between black and white and all the tones in between.
Value can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast
is the extreme changes between values.
d. Texture – the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel.
Texture can be added to attract or repel interest to a visual
element. Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and
valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness or roughness in
objects.
e. Color – determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity
of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of hue). Color and
color combination can play a large role in the design. Color may
be used for emphasis, or may elicit emotions from viewers. Color
maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role in our visual
perception, as it influences our reactions about the world around
us. It is therefore important to create color palettes that evoke
the appropriate audience reactions. Color has three properties.
f. Form – a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a 3-
dimensional object can be implied with the use of light and
shading. Form can be viewed from many angles.
Visual Design Principles are:
a. Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is
necessary, especially in slide presentations or documents that are
more than one page.
b. Center of interest – an area that first attracts attention in a
composition. This area is more important when compared to the
other objects or elements in a composition. This can be by
contrast of values, more colors, and placement in the format.
c. Balance – a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value,
color, etc. Balance can be symmetrical and evenly balanced, or
asymmetrical and unevenly balanced. Objects, values, colors,
textures, shapes, forms, etc. can be used in creating balance in a
composition.
d. Harmony – brings together a composition with similar units. If
for example your composition was using wavy lines and organic
shapes, you would stay with those types of lines and not put in
just one geometric shape. (Notice how similar Harmony is to
Unity - some sources list both terms).
e. Contrast – offers some change in value creating a visual discord
in a composition. Contrast shows the difference between shapes
and can be used as a background to bring objects out and forward
in a design. It can also be used to create an area of emphasis.
f. Directional Movement – a visual flow through the composition.
It can be the suggestion of motion in a design as you move from
object to object by way of placement and position. Directional
movement can be created with a value pattern. It is with the
placement of dark and light areas that you can move your
attention through the format.
g. Rhythm – a movement in which some elements recur regularly.
Like a dance, it will have a flow of objects that will seem to be like
the beat of music.
h. Perspective – created through the arrangement of objects in
two dimensional space to look like they appear in real life.
Perspective is a learned meaning of the relationship between
different objects seen in space.
ADVANTAGES
It keeps up with the world events and expose us to different
cultural aspects.
DISADVANTAGES
Desensitization to violence and possibility of spending too much
time in front of computers, tv's, etc.
LIMITATIONS
It cannot be seen without a monitor or projector.
There’s a lot of hardware needs to be moved.
VALUE
 SEEING IS BELIEVING standard file format for game sounds, among others. 
d. WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio data
VISUAL MESSAGE DESIGN
compression technology developed by Microsoft and used
Described as the conveyance of ideas and information with Windows Media Player.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Information text appealing because of its unique elements that Characteristics of a Sound
allows for differentiation in terms of learning modalities 1. Volume – intensity of a sound
2. Tone – the audible characteristic of a sound
AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA 3. Pitch - is how high or low a sound is
4. Loudness – refers to the magnitude of the sound heard
AUDIO - sound, especially when recorded, transmitted, or
reproduced. Purposes of a Sound
• Give instruction or information.
AUDIO MEDIA – is media communication that uses audio or • Provide feedback.
recordings to deliver and transfer information through the • To personalize or customize
means of sound.
Elements of Sound Design
TYPES OF AUDIO INFORMATION 1. Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-over
2. Sound Effects – any sound other than music or dialogue
1. Radio Broadcast – live or recorded audio sent through 3. Music – vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in
radio waves to reach a wide audience. such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and
expression of emotion.
2. Music - vocal or instrumental sounds combined in such a
way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and Principles of Sound Design
expression of emotion. 1. Mixing – the combination, balance and control of multiple
sound elements
3. Sound Recording - recording of an interview, meeting, 2. Pace – time control, editing, order of events (linear, non-linear
or any sound from the environment. or multi-linear)
3. Stereo Imaging – Using left and right channel for depth. This
refers to the aspect of sound recording and reproduction.
4. Sound Clips / Effects - any sound artificially reproduced
4. Transition – how you get from one segment or element to
to create an effect in a dramatic presentation (ex. Sound
another.
of a storm, or a door).
5. Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording,
Hearing vs. Listening
usually part of a themed series that can be downloaded
from a website to a media player or a computer. Hearing

AUDIO STORGE • the act of perceiving sound by the ear

Listening
a. Tape - magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded.
b. CD - a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, • requires concentration so that your brain processes meaning
storing, and playing back audio, video, and computer data.  from words and sentences. Listening leads to learning.
c. USB drive - an external flash drive, small enough to carry on
a key ring, that can be used with any computer that has a
USB port. 
d. Memory Card - (aka flash memory card or storage card) is
a small storage medium used to store data such as text,
pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable, or
remote computing devices. 
e. Computer hard drive - secondary storage devices for
storing audio files.
f. Internet/Cloud - websites or file repositories for retrieving
audio files, and more precisely the files are stored in some
datacenter full of servers that is connected to the Internet.

AUDIO FORMAT

a. MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for

consumer audio, as well as a standard of digital audio
compression for the transfer and playback of music on
most digital audio players. 
b. M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) -
an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio
compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3
format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than
MP3 at similar bit rates. 
c. WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for
storing an audio bit stream on PCs. It has become a
 comprehensive knowledge how to analyze, design, develop,
implement (utilize) and evaluate them.

Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learner...
describes the different dimensions of visual media and
information;
evaluates the reliability and validity of visual media and
information and its sources;
utilizes design principle and elements for visual media and
information; and
familiarizes on visual media and information and gain
comprehensive knowledge on how to effectively evaluate them.

Recommended Readings
Educause: Visual Literacy in Higher Education
PresentationZen: The Big Four
Reflections

There is a need to understand visual media and information

because basically we are all visual learners. Therefore in order for
us to learn better, visual media should be used effectively. We as
teachers should also teach our students how to use visual media
responsibly not only for entertainment but to use it productively.
Also, attention span is very affected by visuals, thus, we as
teachers should adjust our teaching methods to cope with the
kind of learners we have today.

Visual media can be used in any subject matter especially

presenting texts through visuals such as data presented through
graphs, tables and illustrations like pie chart and project these
through power point presentations.

Visual message design is a visual media designed to convey

message or information effectively by considering criteria in doing
visual media.

Visual media and information is also very important because it

caters visual learners, and visuals are very important since it is
known as one of the most used in the senses. Most studies show
that visual media is the most effective since it is available and can
be easily perceived. Best example of using visual media are
toddlers who can easily use tablets nowadays.

Visual media can be best used in presenting tables and graphs,

projections and interactive power points.

It can be used almost in any subject but it is preferably advisable

in Math in showing tables and graphs, in Science for showing
different life cycle processes etc. Visual media can also be used in
Language Arts, Reading and Computer Subjects.

Visual Design is a type of media with a well planned objectives to

target visual learners to provide information.

Visual Media
sources of data or information in the form of visual
representation
may be abstractions, analogues, rough illustrations or digital
reproductions of objects
require the interpretation of the data
sources may be hosted on the internet, printed in publications,
displayed through broadcast media, or otherwise disseminated
generally available or citable as stable or traceable future
references

General Objective
The learner understands the similarities and differences of the
different types of visual media and information and gain