Text is defined as original words of a piece of writing or a speech (Merriam-Webster).

The words that

make up the main part of a book, magazine, newspaper, website, and etc. These have words which are
used to create meanings

Information on the other hand, pertains to the knowledge acquired about things surrounding a person.

Text information is about interpreting words in order to generate knowledge..Text is a word which is
used to create meanings.

In deconstructing text information, denotation and connotation matter.

Denotation – literal or direct interpretationl of ideas

Connotation – on the other hand, means the figurative or indirect interpretation

Text information is a huge concept in media because it provides information to the consumers.
Concepts like culture and information interpreted in denotation and connotation are several aspects in
lined with this concept. Therefore, it is important to consider these aspects in order to understand the
text given

Purpose of Text Information

FORMAL INFORMATION- Information that is socially shared; it is objective (fact) and formal.

Ex. Birth certificates, government records, and business document

INFORMAL INFORMATION- Information that is basically unsocial. Highly opinionated and subjective.

Ex. Comments, Editorial

PRODUCTION OF TEXT INFORMATION

In media, the right channel has to be chosen in order to properly and appropriately send the message:

• Newspapers
• Magazines
• Books
• Websites (social media, blogs)
• E-mails

ORGANIZATION OF TEXT INFORMATION

1. Paragraphs – these are group of sentences driven by a single idea or topic.

2. Lists-these are enumeration of anything under the sun, easier way to remember ideas because it is
not wordy and not so cluttered.

3. Tables- representations of data in a structured format which is composed in columns

Dissemination of Text Information

Audience is diverse, there is a need for them to be critically analyzed.

 1. Demographic Analysis – an analysis of age, sex, and racial composition of a population.
2. Disposition Analysis – the mood or attitude of the audience about the information.
3. Knowledge Analysis – assessment of the audience’s awareness about the information

Reliability and Validity of Text Information and Media

SELECTION CRITERIA

1. Relevance-the information seeker needs to make sure that the data meets the needed
requirements.
2. Authority- the seeker must check the author to check its reliability.
3. Timeliness/Currency-information must always be update
4. Validity/Accuracy-there must be accurate or reliable data provided.
5. Argument-the stand must be justified by logical reasoning.
6. Coverage-make sure that all information are complete. Or necessary details
7. Bias-information must not trigger biases

Design Principles and Elements of Text Information

Contrast-Size, color, and type must be considered. There should always be a good balance

Alignment-Alignment must be considered in terms of word placement.

Repetition-This functions as a reminder of important terms.

Proximity- Words close to one another are perceived related through font style and size./ Distance

Appropriateness- suitable

Emphasis – importance of given

Sir Charles Spencer ‘Charlie Chaplin who was born on April 16, 1889, became a worldwide icon,
transitioning from silent cinema to talkies with much ease. He was the one who redefined cinema in his
own unique way, and is relevant as much today as he was a century ago

With a career that spanned more than 75 years, the actor, filmmaker, composer and author rose to fame,
popularly known for his screen persona the Tramp’, and went on to receive three Oscars, out of which
two were honorary awards

Music is everywhere and has its various forms. This kind of resource is something that people never get
tired of exploring and developing of. Different technologies and new genres were introduced. People
have depended on music for a lot of purposes either for information and entertainment

Similar with the previous discussed kinds of information, audio information is equally relevant.

Audio something that is relating to a sound that is heard on a recording or broadcast (Merriam
Webster). This is in line with the sense of hearing in which people are to decode messages that they
have received.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Audio information is available everywhere. Even a person who is speaking is heard by people around him
is an example. But in this module, the highlight of will be all about the radio which is considered as the
pioneer of all kinds of audio media.

Radio

➢ First and the original broadcasting medium.

➢ Most important source of information during the Second World War.
➢ Became the important media tool for those who need information

Modern Devices

➢ One of the commonly used is the MP3 player which stores a compressed format of audio file
➢ Another one is the podcast which is a form of internet audio broadcasting which provides audio
files in series and is available for download.

AUDIO MEDIA

These are some of the available formats of audio that are available in using or sending audio files:

1. Tape Cassette- audio medium in a plastic case which contains 3.81 mm magnetic tape places in
two reels.
➢ Its contents are interpreted through a tape player.
2. Digital Compact Disc- commonly known as CD, a plastic optical disc with a metalized surface.
➢ Used to store digital audio files
➢ Its content is read and interpreted through a laser that is converted into sound.
3. Others- Computer audio files with any digital format
➢ These are audio files that can be saved in flash drives, played in mp3 players or even in mobile
phones
➢ Easy to be shared or downloaded

HEARING is the process, function, or power of perceiving sound

LISTENING is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process

TEN PRINCIPLES OF LISTENING

1. Stop talking
2. Prepare yourself to listen.
3. Put the speaker at ease.
4. Remove distractions.
5. Empathize.
6. Be patient.
7. Avoid personal prejudice.
8. Listen to the tone.
9. Listen for ideas.
10. Wait and watch for nonverbal communication.
Hearing and listening are two concepts that are often interchanged with each other. However, listening
is not as passive as hearing because unlike hearing that only acknowledges sound, listening needs
comprehension, hence, making it an effective communication tool.

SELECTION CRITERIA

Relevance-look at the connection between what one listen to, as to what he or she desires to know.

Authority-assess and validate if the person speaking is fit to do his or her job.

Timeliness/Currency – details must be analyzed because of immediate reports.

Validity/Accuracy- listeners should know the difference between facts and opinions.

Argument-listeners must know the objective with the information.

Coverage-make sure that information is complete and has covered everything.

Bias-listening to both angles and assessing without putting personal judgments.

Audio information does not have an extensive scope in terms of principles and elements. But it is crucial
element that should be included in the whole design of a presentation in order to make it meaningful
and effective

Audio clip is an audible segment of idea and a category of media clip. This focuses on random ideas
such as nature, love, victory, and others.

Record is an audio file that is stored and can be heard later. This is available mostly on mobile phones
or players.

Earcon is a short sound phrases used mainly in computer commands

Principles are limited in the context of audio files but there are things that should be remembered. As
much as possible, make use of the highest quality audio more importantly, audio must complement and
not compete with the information flashed on the screen.