12

MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
LITERACY
Guided Learning Activity Kit
The Different Dimensions
of Information and Media
Text, Visual and Audio)
Quarter 2- Week 4

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Media and Information Literacy – Grade 12
Guided Learning Activity Kit
-the different dimensions of Information and Media-
Quarter 2- Week 4

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

GLAK Development Team

Writer: Anthony Vener A. Caparas
Editor/Reviewer: Charlie T. Carreon
Graphic Artist: Anthony Vener A. Caparas
Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V
MIchelle Ablian-Mejica EdD
Manolito B. Basilio EdD
Charlie T. Carreon
Garry M. Achacoso
Rachelle C. Diviva

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: depedzambales.ph
 The Different Dimensions
of Information and Media
(Text, Visual and Audio)

Introduction

Text media and information provide the basis for more reliable,
more effective and much quicker distribution in order to keep up with
the trend. Text media and information are also important in the
compilation and preservation/documentation of written oral works and
in the translation of languages. Text media and information reduce the
risk of error as the content may be checked prior to publication.
Visual media is a medium of information in the form of visual
images. This can involve abstractions, analogues, rough drawings, or
digital reproductions of objects. The interpretation of the data should
be given and the references can be hosted on the Internet, printed in
magazines, displayed by broadcast media, or otherwise disseminated.
Audio media is a kind of media resource that uses stored audio
materials to communicate and distribute content.

Learning Competency

describes the different dimensions of text information and media

MIL11/12TIM-IVb-3
describes the different dimensions of visual information and media
MIL11/12VIM-IVc-7
describes the different dimensions of audio information and media
MIL11/12AIM-IVd-11

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 Objectives

At the end of this Guided Learning Activity Kit, you are expected to:
1. identify the basic elements in creating a text-based presentation.
2. analyze the design principles and elements used in a given visual
media.
3. evaluate the visual-based presentation (infographics) through design
principles and elements.

Review

What do you already know?

Direction: Write TM when it belongs to text media and VM when it belongs
to visual media and AM when it belongs to audio media.
1. cassette tape
2. books
3. radio
4. research works
5. video
6. compact disc
7.brochures
8. screenshots
9. mp3
10. memes

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 Discussion

Text Information and Media

(definition, characteristics, format and types, and selection criteria)

Text – a basic and portable format of displaying information or

conveying ideas whether hand-written, typed or presented on-screen.

Text is accessible in a number of sources, whether formal (news stories,

written books, journals, magazines, advertising, research papers, etc or
informal (blogs, personal e-mails, SMS or text messages, instant messengers,
social media sites, etc.).
• Formal text-based materials are produced and circulated by existing
organizations (such as newspapers, news services, etc and undergo a
detailed editing or review process and are typically regulated by state
censorship.
• Informal text-based content, on the other hand, come from personal
views or opinions on various subjects, procedures, etc.
Text as visual
• Typeface (also known as font, font type, or type) refers to the
illustration or style of a text in a digital format. Typefaces typically
consist of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, symbols and other
special characters. In the absence of pictures or drawings, text is the
best way to interact with the audience. Using various font styles may
convey different feelings or meanings.

Types of Typefaces:

Serif-connotes formality and readability in a wide variety of documents. This

font is generally used for the body text in books, journals, magazines and
scientific publications. Serif fonts often offer a traditional or sophisticated
look when used for title or heading.
Examples: Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville
Sans serif-brings a simple or minimalist look to the text. This font is used for
the simple and direct interpretation of text, e.g. road signs, building
directories or health information in food packets. Also, the sans serif fonts
offer a classic look and are mainly used in website design.
Examples: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri
Slab Serif-has a powerful or heavy text appearance. This font can be used for
large billboard commercial signs.
Examples: Rockwell, Playbill, Blackoak

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Script – draws a lot of attention to itself because of the brush-like strokes.
This must be used sparingly and not used in large body text. This font is
widely used in wedding invitation cards or other formal events.
Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler
Display or decorative – refers to a wide range of feelings (such as celebration,
anxiety, horror, etc or themes (such as cowboys, circus, holidays, spring,
kiddie, etc.)
Examples: Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT

Design principles and elements

Emphasis-refers to the relevance or meaning of part of the text-based

material. When you're trying to make an argument or to illustrate a text, you
can render the text bold, italicized, of a heavier weight, darkened or lightened
(depending on your background color) or extended.

Appropriateness-refers to how relevant or appropriate text is used for a

particular audience, intention or occurrence. Make sure that the selection
criteria (tone, style, intent, clarity) are met when producing text-based
content.

Proximity-refers to how close or how far text elements are from each other.
If two things are closely linked, we're going to get them together. Otherwise
we're putting text elements apart from each other. For e.g., the main title and
subtitles are typically put next to each other.

Alignment-refers to the location of the text on the page. This could be left,
right, middle or justified.

Organization-refers to a systematic effort to coordinate the various text

elements on a page. Organization means that when certain text elements are
isolated from each other, they are also somehow related to the majority of the
elements on the list.

Repetition-concerns the continuity of the components and the unity of the whole
concept. Repeat promotes the use of certain typefaces inside the page to be reused.
As several typefaces are used on a document, the viewer can be confused and unable
to communicate what you want them to get from the text. Often, do not use a single
typeface for a graphic design product to strike a balance.

Contrast-creates visual appeal in text elements. Contrast is accomplished

when two elements are distinct. When you put a white text on a very light-
yellow backdrop, the contrast is not accomplished and the text is difficult to

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read, but when you place a white text on a dark brown background, the
contrast is established.

Visual Information and Media

(types, purpose, design principles and elements)

Visual media and information – tools, services, software and the like that
teachers and students use to create new information to better understand
through the use, study, assessment and creation of visual images.

Types of visual media – photography, film, screenshots, infographics, data

analysis (charts and graphs), comic strips/cartoons, memes, visual notes,
etc.

Formally and informally generated visual media – visual media produced

by institutional institutions such as colleges, government, and existing
media/publishing equipment are deemed to have been formally produced.
Other visual media are known to be informally made.

Purpose of Visual Information – The primary purpose of visual information

is to attract focus, produce meaning and promote retention.

Visual design elements- Building blocks or simple units for the creation of
a visual image. The design elements are:
a. Line – defines the form or outline of the line. It can render textures, and it
can be dense or thin. Lines can be real, tacit, longitudinal, horizontal,
diagonal or contour lines.
b. Shape- typically, a geometric part that points out from space relative to or
around it, or because of variations in value, color, or texture. Shape can be
organic, too.
c. Value – the degree of light and shadow in the construction. It's the
difference between black and white and all the tones in between. Value can
be used in color as well as in black and white. Contrast is the drastic shift in
values.
d. Texture – the way a product looks or feels. Texture may be applied to draw
or repel attention in the visual aspect. Visual texture is the illusion of the
textures of the peaks and valleys, resulting in a sense of smoothness or
roughness in the materials.
e. Color – defined by its hue (name of color), strength (purity of color) and
meaning (lightness or darkness of color). Color and color combination will
play a significant role in the design process. Color should be used for focus,
or it can trigger reactions from audiences. Color may be warm, cold, or
neutral. It plays a significant role in our sensory experience as it affects our

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responses to the world around us. It is therefore necessary to develop color
palettes that elicit the required reactions of the audience.
f. Form – a figure that has volume and thickness. The illusion of a 3-
dimensional object may be implied by the use of light and shadow. Shape can
be viewed from a number of angles.

Visual design Principles

a. Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle and colors is required;
In specific, slide shows or papers of more than one page.
b. Center of interest – an area which first attracts attention in a composition.
This field is more important when opposed to other objects or components in
a composition. This can be achieved by contrasting principles, more colors,
and positioning in the style.
c. Balance – a sense of visual equality of shape, form, value, color, etc.
Balance may be symmetrical and equally balanced, or asymmetrical and
evenly balanced. Objects, qualities, colors, materials, curves, shapes, etc.
may be used to establish harmony in a composition.
d. Harmony – puts together a composition of related units. If for example, the
composition was based on wavy lines and organic curves, you would stick
with these types of lines and not be in a single geometric form.
e. Contrast – offers a change in value that creates a visual imbalance in a
composition. Contrast reveals the distinction between shapes which can be
used as a backdrop to carry out and forward objects in a pattern. It may also
be used to construct a concentration field.
f. Directional movement – the visual flow of the composition. It can be a
motion suggestion in a design as you move from object to object by placement
and position. Directional motion can be created with a value pattern. It's with
the placement of dark and light areas that you can move your attention
through the format.
g. Rhythm – a movement in which certain elements recur regularly. Like a
dance, it's going to have a flow of objects that seems to be like the beat of
music.
h. Perspective – generated by the arrangement of objects in two-dimensional
space to look as they do in real life. Perspective is a learned meaning of the
relationship between objects seen in space.

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 Audio Information and Media
(types, purpose, design principles and elements)

Types and Categories of Audio Information

Radio broadcast-live or stored audio broadcast on radio waves to reach a

large audience.
Music-voice and/or instrumental sounds blended in such a way as to
produce the elegance of structure, harmony and production of emotion. It is
written and performed for a range of purposes, ranging from esthetic
enjoyment, religious or ritual purposes, or as an entertainment commodity.
Sound recording-recording of conferences, events, or other sound from the
environment.
Sound clips/effects-any sound, other than music or voice, digitally
manipulated to generate an effect in a dramatic presentation, such as the
sound of a tornado or a creaking lock.
Audio Podcast-a downloadable audio or video file or a recording, usually
part of a theme collection, that can be downloaded from a website to a
music player or a phone.

The Different Ways of Storing Audio Media

Tape-a magnetic tape on which the sound can be stored.

CD-a plastic-made, circular medium for capturing, storing and replaying
audio, video and computer files.
USB drive-external flash drive, lightweight enough to hold a key ring, which
can be used for any device that has a USB port.
Memory Card- is a compact storage medium used to store files, such as text,
images, audio and video, for use on small, portable, or remote computer
devices.
Computer hard drive-secondary backup systems to hold audio data.
Online/Cloud-Websites or media archives to download audio recordings, and
more specifically, files are stored in a storage center full of servers connecting
to the Internet.

The Different Audio File Formats

MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)-a common format for consumer audio, as well
as a standard digital audio encoding for music transmission and playback on
most digital audio devices.
M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding)-an audio coding
format for failed optical audio encoding. Planned to be the successor to the
MP3 format, AAC typically achieves greater sound quality than MP3 at
comparable bit rates.

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WAV (Waveform Audio File Format) -is a regular Microsoft audio file format
for saving bitstream audio on PCs. It has become a popular file format for
gaming sounds, among others.
WMA (Windows Media Audio)-is an audio data compression technique
developed by Microsoft and used by Windows Media Player.

The Elements and Principles of Sound Design

a. Sound Concept Components – the objects or items we have to deal with:
• Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-over.
• Sound effects- a sound other than voice or music created artificially
for use in a play, film or other televised production.
• Music – vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) mixed in such a way as
to create the beauty of structure, harmony, and expression of emotion.
• Silence-the loss of audio or noise.

b. Sound Design Principles – methods for integrating various components

or objects.
• Mixing-combining, balancing and manipulating various sound
components.
• Pace, for example, connotes speed; indeed, the terms 'fast or slow' have
also been applied to sound reproduction.
• Transitions-how to get from one section or feature to another.

Types of transitions
a. Segue- one aspect ends, the next one continues (cut in film).
b. Crossfade is a typical form of audio transition between two clips in which
the audio of the first clip fades while the audio of the second clip fades
simultaneously. The audio from both clips is heard throughout the crossfade.
Crossfades are similar to screen switches known as cross-dissolves.
c. V- Fade- the first element fades to inaudible before the second element
starts.
d. Fade to black is the most significant transformation to be included on this
list. A fade to black is effectively dissolved in or black. In film, the fade to
black symbolizes closure, indicating that plot thinking is over. On a realistic
level, this generally involves fading to black at the conclusion of a dramatic
scene.
• Stereo Imaging is the modulation of a signal within a 180-degree
stereo field for the purpose of producing a locality experience within
that field. Stereo imagery is used during tracking, mixing, and
mastering, and is used to create a feeling of space for the listener.

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 Activities

Guided Practice 1
Imagine you are in an advertising firm. Using any desktop publishing software
or bond papers and coloring materials, your task is to create a brochure for
a client with specific needs, then identify the appropriate content for the
brochure based on the Media and Information Design Framework and write
on your activity notebook. Choose one topic below.

Tourism Campaign – This brochure will invite the readers to spend their
summer vacation in your city
Election Campaign – This brochure will promote to the readers a local
politician who will run for mayor in the upcoming election.
School Admission – This brochure will advertise to the readers a
college/university in your place.
Community Advisory – This brochure will inform the readers about the new
policy for garbage collection schedule and segregation in your community.

Component Guide Questions Learner’s Answers

Target Audience Who are the possible
readers of this
brochure?
Sender/Author Who is the author of
this brochure?
Key content What is the tone of the
text in the brochure?
What are the sample
phrases or taglines that
you will?

What are the facts/

figures that you will
include the brochure?
Purpose What is the intention of
the brochure?
Form/Style What are the font
types/colors/
highlights that you will
use in the brochure?

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 What are the words or
phrases that you need
to emphasize in the
brochure?
Medium/ Format What is the blank of the
brochure? - paper type,
texture, glossy, matte •
folding (three-fold, two-
fold) • full color, black
and white Aside from
the brochure, what
other text- based
formats that you can
use to deliver your
message?

Independent Practice

Find a magazine, brochure or newspaper and choose a visual image that

incorporates at least 3 design elements and 3 design principles and paste on
a paper, then evaluate the visual by filling up the media and information
design framework worksheet.

Component Guide Questions Answers

Target Audience Who is the intended
audience?
Sender/Author Who is the producer?
Purpose What is the purpose?
Key Content What is the topic or
message?

What are the facts?

Form/Style How was the
information presented?

Did it make use of

appropriate design
elements and
principles?
Medium/ Format Is this the best flatform
to use? Why?

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 Assessment
Think Before You Answer. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The simple and compact format for presenting information or conveying

thoughts, whether hand-written, typed or on-screen.
a. Text c. Serif
b. Typeface d. Sans Serif
2. Usually, they consist of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks,
symbols and other special characters. In the absence of photographs
or drawings, text is the perfect way to communicate with the viewer.
Using various font types may express different emotions or meanings.
a. Text c. Sans Serif
b. Typeface d. Serif
3. It blends formality and readability in a wide range of papers. This font
is commonly used for body text in novels, articles, journals and science
publications. These fonts also have a conventional or elegant look when
used for title or heading.
a. Slab Serif c. Script
c. Serif d. Sans Serif
4. Usually, a geometric part that denotes space relative to or around it, or
because of variations in value, color, or texture.
a. Texture c. Line
b. Value d. Shape
5. A model of volume and thickness. The illusion of a 3-dimensional object
may be implied by the use of light and shadow. Shape can be seen from
a multitude of angles.
a. Line c. Form
b. Color d. Texture
6. The optical flow in the composition. It can be a motion recommendation
in a design when you switch from object to object by location and
position. Directional motion can be generated with a pattern of value.
Through the positioning of dark and light regions, you can shift your
focus through the format.
a. Perspective c. Harmony
b. Directional Movement d. Contrast
7. Live or recorded audio transmitted on radio waves to reach vast
audiences.
a. Sound Recording c. Music
b. Sound Effects d. Radio Broadcast

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 8. A digital audio or video file or a recording, usually part of a series of
themes, that can be downloaded from a website to a music player or a
computer.
a. Audio Podcast c. Sound Recording
b. Music d. Sound Effects
9. It is a lightweight storage medium used to store files, such as text,
images, audio and video, for use on small, portable or remote
computing devices.
a. CD c. Memory Card
c. Cloud d. Computer Hard Drive
10. Is a signal modulation within a 180-degree stereo field for the
purpose of creating locality knowledge within that field. It is used
during recording, mixing, and mastering, and is used to create a sense
of room for the listener.
a. Fade to black c. V- Fade
b. Stereo Imaging d. Crossfade

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 Reflection

Self-Check

Directions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

If you will be writing an application letter for college, what font will you be
using?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What is the purpose of visual media and information?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

How audio information produced?

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 References

"Visual Media And Information". 2020. MIL Intensive<Br />Teacher Training.

http://miltrainingdollydhang.weebly.com/visual-media-and-
information.html.

2020. Ewikstar.Wixsite.Com. https://ewikstar.wixsite.com/mil-

eportfolio/text-media-and-information.

"TYPES OF AUDIO MEDIA". 2020. Audio Media.

http://93xkrockfm.weebly.com/types-of-audio-media.html.

"Pace, Rhythm, & Dynamics Page 2". 2020. Stereophile.Com.

https://www.stereophile.com/content/pace-rhythm-dynamics-page-
2#:~:text=%22Pace%2C%22%20for%20example%2C,pace%20is%20eq
uivalent%20to%20tempo.&text=The%20way%20a%20conductor%20a
nd,affects%20the%20perception%20of%20pace.

"Crossfade Audio In Final Cut Pro". 2020. Apple Support.

https://support.apple.com/en-ph/guide/final-cut-
pro/ver66d503b23/mac#:~:text=A%20crossfade%20is%20a%20comm
on,transitions%20known%20as%20cross%20dissolves.

"The Hidden Meaning Behind Popular Video Transitions". 2020. The Beat: A
Blog By Premiumbeat. https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/the-
hidden-meaning-behind-popular-video-transitions/.

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REVIEW
Assessment What do you already know?
1. A 1. AM
2. B 2. TM
3. C 3. AM
4. D 4. TM
5. C 5. VM
6. B 6. AM
7. D 7. TM
8. A 8. VM
9. C 9. AM
10. B 10. VM
REFLECTION
1. Answer may vary
2. Answer may vary
3. Answer may vary
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt

gratitude to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to
the successful preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and
distribution of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all
learning areas across grade levels as a response to providing the learners with
developmentally-appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning
resources with most essential learning competencies (MELCs)-based activities
anchored on the principles of guided learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the

writers and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting
their best efforts to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the
implementation of learning delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators

making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly

extending its financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of
these learning resources for use by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close

coordination with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval
of the GLAKs and for their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress
through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the
learners the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish
the tasks and for gradually helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would

not be possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to
serving our Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TRACKS

ACADEMIC TRACK

TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL-
LIVELIHOOD (TVL) TRACK

SPORTS TRACK

ARTS AND DESIGN TRACK