HUMAN ACTIONS

VS ACTS OF MAN
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN
•An act that is performed only by a
human being and thus is proper to
man. Not every act that a human being
does is a distinctively human act.
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN

•When a human being does such acts,

they are called acts of man but not
human acts.
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN
•Acts of man are actions shared
by humans and other animals.
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN
•Acts of man are the acts of
perceptions or sensations (breathing
of the heart, blood circulation in the
body, digestion, blinking of the eyes,
etc.)
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN
•Acts of man are actions that
proceeds without man’s
deliberate free will.
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN
•Human acts refer to the
appropriate actions of human
beings.
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN
•Human acts are rational and
willed actions that are proper only
to man, and actions that require
man’s rationality.
HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN
•The action must originate from a
person having wisdom or
knowledge or what we called
discernment.
MODIFIERS OF
HUMAN ACTS
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS

•Refers to the things that affect man’s

knowledge freedom and voluntariness
in the performance of an act. Making
them less perfectly.
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
1. Ignorance-defined as the absence of
knowledge in a person who is required
to know, to know what he does not
know.
Innocence- it means the absence of
knowledge in person who is not required
to know what he does not know.
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
2. Concupiscence-refers to the emotions
and feelings of man in relation to his
actions. They are defined as appetites
toward the possession of good and
avoidance.
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
3. Fear-refers to the shrinking of the
mind on the account of an anticipated
evil or threat.
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
4. Violence or force-external actions done
with force. It is the actual application of
force to a person by another for the
purpose of compelling him to do something
against his will.
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
5. Habit-is defined as a constant and easy
way of doing things acquired by the
repetition of the same act. These are
tendencies we have developed in ourselves
from repeated acts.
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
Two types of habit
Virtue-good habits (virtuous person)
Vices-bad habits (vicious person)
 ARISTOTLE’S
DISTINCTION OF
VOLUNTARY AND
INVOLUNTARY
ACTIONS
 VOLUNTARY ACTIONS
-these are acts originating from the
individual performing the act using
knowledge about the situations of the act.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF VOLUNTARY ACTIONS

1. VOLUNTARY
-Actions are performed from will and
reason.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF VOLUNTARY ACTIONS

2. RELATED TO COMPULSION
-It is considered as mixed of voluntary
and involuntary.
 INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS
-are acts done under a) force or coercion
and b). ignorance where the doer failed to
understand the effect and feels sorry on the
result
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF INVOLUNTARY
ACTIONS

1. UNDER COMPULSION
-Circumstances which are beyond the control
of the agent and contributes none to the
action. Example: A person was kidnapped,
hence impossible to resist (fight back).
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF INVOLUNTARY
ACTIONS
2. THROUGH IGNORANCE OF
PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES
-Example: a man steals and ignorant of
the law, arrow or gun shot by mistake.
HUMAN FREEDOM AND
OBLIGATION
According to John Mothershead,
freedom and obligation are two
indispensable conditions for morality
to occur.
Freedom is understood to be present
when one is choosing a course of action,
and he or she is taking full responsibility
for consequence of his actions.
Obligation usually follows or
arrives from freedom.
INTELLECTUAL CHOICE
VS PRACTICAL CHOICE
 INTELLECTUAL CHOICE
This is a choice which is
deliberately selected based on a
moral standpoint.
 PRACTICAL CHOICE
-A choice which is borne out of
psychological and emotional
considerations.