1

MEETING 13
SUBJECT : SFL
ENGLISH STUDENTS
DRA.SITI SUNDARI,MA

# The types of groups :

1. Nominal groups ----- the head word is nouns

Examples : beautiful girls, a good book, a big house, good students,
many people, a waiting room, two questions, etc.

2. Verbal Groups ----- the head word is verbs

Examples : will buy, are studying English, has been decided, can sing,
will be canceled, is watching TV, has been raining, etc.

3. Adjective groups ----- the head word is adjectives

Examples : very good, lucky enough, too old, so young, rather lazy,
very difficult, too busy, ec.

4. Adverb groups ----the head word is adverbs

Examples : very slowly, very well,
The bus runs too fast,
The girl sings very beautifully

5. Prepositional groups / prepositional phrases ----- the phrases begin with

prepositions
Examples : at school, in the room, for my mother, at home, at night,
on Sunday, with my friends, without paying, etc.

6. Gerund groups / gerund phrases ----- the phrases begins with gerunds (V+ing)
Examples :
* Making cakes is her hobby.
* She like studying math.
* He is interested in working as a doctor.
* My hobby is going shopping.

7. Present participle groups / present participle phrases ---- the phrases

begin with present participle (V+ing).
* I saw him walking with his friends.
* Being lazy to study, he did not pas the exam.
*The man talking to you is a teacher.
*She does not know the boy calling her.
 2

8. Past participle groups/ past participle phrases ---- the phrases begin with
past participle (V3)
Examples :
* Yesterday I bought some books written in English.
* I know the new car bought by my father last week.
* Caught by the police, the thief was taken to the police station.
* The girl tanked him, helped by the man.

9. To infinitive groups / to infinitive phrases ---- the phrases beginnwuth to

infinitives ( to + V1)

* She wants to become a specialist doctor.

* To help each other is needed in daily life.
* I want you to tell the truth.

10. Perfect participle groups / perfect participle phrases --- the phrases begin
with perfect participle ( having + V3)

* Having known the answer, I feel happy.

* The children like the story having been told by the teacher.
* I will try to find a good job, having finished my study.

Now we focus on studying the functions of nominal groups.

THE FUNCTIONS OF NOMINAL GROUPS / NOUN PHRASES

1. Head and Modifier

Examples :

good books a beautiful girl many people

M H M H M H

Pre-modifier and Post-modifier

Examples :

houses ten or more years old

H Post-modifier

interesting pictures
Pre-M H
 3

2. Deictic Functions

The examples of deictic functions :

* Articles : a/ an, the
* Posessive adjectives : my, your, her, his, our, their
* Demonstrative adjectives : this, that, these, those

Examples :

* these books some students your father an apple

D Thing D Thing D T D T

3. Numeral Functions

* cardinal numbers : one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, etc.

* ordinal numbers : first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, etc.

Examples :

* the first chapter these two books

D N T D N T

4. Classifier and Ephitet

Examples :

* some beautiful girls

D E T

* these two new light switches

D N E C T

* those two good English teachers

D N E C T

* some working people

D E T

* the waiting room

D C T
 4
5. Qualifier Function

* prepositional phrases ----- qualifier function

Examples :

* the electrical resistance of the insulation

D E C Q

* fire with an under-floor supply

T Q

* a light over the front door

D T Q

* the many large oil companies in operation

D N E C T Q

* a careful study of this matter

D E T Q