Dr.

Wael Salman
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Fayoum University
 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic Motion of the Base
Sometimes the base or support of a spring-mass-damper system undergoes
harmonic motion, as shown in Fig(a). Let y(t) denote the displacement of the
base and x(t) the displacement of the mass from its static equilibrium position at
time t. Then, the net elongation of the spring is x - y and the relative velocity
between the two ends of the damper is x.- y.

From the free-body diagram shown in Fig. (b), we obtain the equation of motion:

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic Motion of the Base

This shows that giving excitation to the base is equivalent to applying a harmonic
force of magnitude A to the mass.
Since the steady-state response can be expressed as

and F0=Y, then,

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic Motion of the Base

The steady-state response can be rewritten in a more convenient form as

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic Motion of the Base

Example Vehicle Moving on a Rough Road

Figure shows a simple model of a
motor vehicle that can vibrate in
the vertical direction while traveling
over a rough road. The vehicle has a
mass of 1200 kg. The suspension
system has a spring constant of 400
kN/m and a damping ratio of ζ =
0.5. If the vehicle speed is 20 km/hr,
determine the displacement
amplitude of the vehicle. The road
surface varies sinusoidally with an
amplitude of Y = 0.05 m and a
wavelength of 6 m.

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic Motion of the Base

Solution Vehicle Moving on a Rough Road

Thus the displacement amplitude of the vehicle is given by

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance
Unbalance in rotating machinery is one
of the main causes of vibration.
A simplified model of such a machine is
shown in Figure. The total mass of the
machine is M, and there are two
eccentric masses m/2 rotating in
opposite directions with a constant
angular velocity ω.

The centrifugal force (meω2)/2 due to

each mass will cause excitation of the
mass M.
We consider two equal masses m/2
rotating in opposite directions in order
to have the horizontal components of
excitation of the two masses cancel
each other. However, the vertical
components of excitation add together 7
 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance
The total vertical component of the excitation is always given by

The equation of motion can be derived by the usual procedure:

The solution can also be expressed as

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Base Excitation and Rotating
Unbalance

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance

Example Deflection of an Electric Motor due to Rotating Unbalance

An electric motor of mass M, mounted on an

elastic foundation, is found to vibrate with a
deflection of 0.15 m at resonance (see Figure).
It is known that the unbalanced mass of the
motor is 8% of the mass of the rotor due to
manufacturing tolerances used, and the
damping ratio of the foundation is ζ = 0.025.
Determine the following:
a. the eccentricity or radial location of the
unbalanced mass (e).
b. the peak deflection of the motor when the
frequency ratio varies from resonance, and
c. the additional mass to be added uniformly to
the motor if the deflection of the motor at
resonance is to be reduced to 0.1 m.
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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance

Solution Deflection of an Electric Motor due to Rotating Unbalance

a. The deflection at resonance (r=1) is given by

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance

Solution Deflection of an Electric Motor due to Rotating Unbalance

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance

Example Water Turbine

A schematic diagram of a water

turbine, in which water flows from A
into the blades B and down into the
tail race C are shown in the Figure.
The rotor has a mass of 250 kg and
an unbalance (me) of 5 kg.mm. The
radial clearance between the rotor
and the stator is 5 mm. The turbine
operates in the speed range 600 to
6000 rpm. The steel shaft carrying
the rotor can be assumed to be
clamped at the bearings. Determine
the diameter of the shaft so that the
rotor is always clear of the stator at
all the operating speeds of the
turbine. Assume damping to be
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negligible.
 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance

Solution Water Turbine

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance
Solution Water Turbine

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 Single Degree of Freedom System
Forced Vibrations
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance
Solution Water Turbine

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