INDEX

Sr No. Topic Page No.

Acknowledgement 3
1

Certificate 4
2

3 Introduction 5

4 PCB diagram 6

5 Circuit diagram 7-8

Circuit diagram with parts

6 9
list

7 Bibliography 10

1
2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to

my teacher Mrs Samriti Thakur as well as our principal
Mrs Luckhwinder Kaur Arora who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
Power Break Alarm ,which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and i came to know about so many new things I
am really thankful to them .Secondly i would also like to
thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finishing this project within the limited time .I am making
this project not only for marks but to also increase my
knowledge .
THANKS AGAIN TO ALL WHO HELPED ME

Gaurav Thakur

3
 Certificate
Certificate

This is to certify that Master Gaurav Thakur , a student

of class XII has successfully completed the research on
the below mentioned project under the guidance of Mrs
Samriti Thakur during the year 2022-23 in partial
fulfillment of Physics Practical Examination.

Signature of Physics Teacher Signature of External

Examiner

Signature of Principal School Stamp

4
 INTRODUCTION

Power cuts are not uncommon; in fact they appear to be

coming more frequent in some areas.

A failure in the power supply to some people causes only a

irritant, they may have to reset a clock, but to other people
especially business, they can and do cause thousands of
pounds of damage.
This damage may be in the form of lost food in a fridge or
freezer, amounting to hundreds of pounds of lost stock, it
may be chemicals, medicines, and electronics.
A power cut may have cut the heater off in the greenhouse, a
fan off in a computer room, it may have caused a computer to
fail, there are hundreds of reasons that you need to know if
there is or has been a power failure.
Prompt action following any power failure can save you
hundreds or thousands of pounds from lost and damaged
stock.
 
Sometimes there is need of devices which should intimate us
when power goes off, so that we could switch off our devices
if they are battery operated or they are getting power from
some other limited source [such as for computer using
UPS(uninterrupted power supply)]. This circuit can solve our
purpose and can intimate us if power supply fails.
5
 PCB LAYOUT

In the PCB design of electronics circuit, it is important that one

plan and has a checklist of the do's and don'ts before proceeding
to do the printed circuit board layout. The understanding of the
circuit is critical to the design, for example one needs to
understand the maximum current and voltage that are carried by
each conductor in order to determine the track width of the
conductor and the type of PCB that will be used.
The voltage difference between each track will determine the
clearance between each conductor. If the clearance is not enough,
chances are that the electrical potential between each track will
cause spark over and short circuit the PCB. This will cause
functional failure to the product and the safety of the users that
are using the product will be compromised. 

6
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Most of the power supply indicator circuit needs a separate power

supply for themselves. But the alarm circuit presented here needs
no additional power supply source. It employs an electrolytic
capacitor to store adequate charge, to feed power to the alarm
circuit which sounds an alarm for a reasonable duration when the
mains supply fails.
During the presence of mains power supply, the rectified mains
voltage is stepped down to a required low level. A zener is used to
limit the filtered voltage to15-volt level.
7
Mains presence is indicated by an LED. The low-level DC is
used for charging capacitor C3 and reverse biasing switching
transistor T1.  Thus, transistor T1 remains cut-off as long as the
m supply is present. As soon as the mains power fails, the charge
stored in the capacitor acts as a power-supply source for
transistor T1. Since, in the absence of mains supply, the base of
transistor is pulled ‘low’ via resistor R8; it conducts and sounds
the buzzer (alarm) to give a warning of the power-failure.

With the value of C3 as shown, a good-quality buzzer would

sound for about a minute. By increasing or decreasing the value
of capacitor C3, this time can be altered to serve one’s need.
Assembly is quite easy. The values of the components are not
critical. If the alarm circuit is powered from any external DC
power-supply source, the mains-supply section up to points ‘P’ and
‘M’ can be omitted from the circuit. Following points may be
noted:

At a higher  DC voltage level, transistor T1 (BC558) may pass

some collector-to-emitter leakage current, causing a continuous
murmuring sound from the buzzer. In that case, replace it with
some low-gain transistor.
Piezo buzzer must be a continuous tone version, with built-in
oscillator.
To save space, one may use five small-sized 1000µF capacitors
(in parallel) in place of bulky high-value capacitor C3.

8
   Circuit diagram with Parts list. 

 T1 can be  a 230V primary   6V secondary  500mA  transformer.

 B1 can be a 1A bridge. You can make the same using four 1N 4007
diodes.
 All capacitors are rated 25V.
 You can use any general purpose PNP transistor (like BC158,BC177 etc)
as Q1.

Typical applications where you can use a loss of power alarm:

1. Cooling tower controllers
2. Boiler controllers
3. Refrigerator
4. Freezer
5. Lab equipment like incubators
6. Chillers
7. Aquariums
8. Air conditioners
9. Security systems
10. Computers
11. Monitor battery backup equipment
12. Medical equipment power failure alarm
9
 Bibliography

 www.electronicsforu.com
 www.scribd.com
 www.engineersgarage.com
 www.howstuffs.com
 Wikipedia
 www.crazyyengineers.com
 www.electronicsproject.com

10