618 Chapter 4 Trigonometric Functions

125. From city A to city B, a plane flies 850 miles at a bearing of
N 58⬚ E. From city B to city C, the plane flies 960 miles at a
bearing of S 32⬚ E.
a. Find, to the nearest tenth of a mile, the distance from
city A to city C.
b. What is the bearing from city A to city C?
In Exercises 128–129, an object is attached to a coiled spring. In
Exercise 128, the object is pulled down (negative direction from
the rest position) and then released. In Exercise 129, the object is
propelled downward from its rest position. Write an equation for
the distance of the object from its rest position after t seconds.

In Exercises 126–127, an object moves in simple harmonic motion Distance from Rest
described by the given equation, where t is measured in seconds Position at t ⴝ 0 Amplitude Period
and d in centimeters. In each exercise, find:
128. 30 inches 30 inches 2 seconds
a. the maximum displacement 1
129. 0 inches 4 inch 5 seconds
b. the frequency
c. the time required for one cycle.
p 1
126. d = 20 cos t 127. d = 2 sin 4t
4

CHAPTER 4 TEST
1. Convert 135⬚ to an exact radian measure. 18. Find the exact value of tan 3 cos-1 1 - 12 2 4 .
2. Find the length of the arc on a circle of radius 20 feet
19. Write sinacos-1 b as an algebraic expression. Assume that
x
intercepted by a 75⬚ central angle. Express arc length in terms 3
of p. Then round your answer to two decimal places. x
x 7 0 and is in the domain of the inverse cosine function.
3. a. Find a positive angle less than 2p that is coterminal 3
16p 20. Solve the right triangle in the figure shown. Round lengths to
with . one decimal place.
3
16p
b. Find the reference angle for .
3 B
4. If (- 2, 5) is a point on the terminal side of angle u, find the
13
exact value of each of the six trigonometric functions of u. a
5. Determine the quadrant in which u lies if cos u 6 0 and 21°
A
cot u 7 0. b C
6. If cos u = 31 and tan u 6 0, find the exact value of each of the
remaining trigonometric functions of u. 21. The angle of elevation to the top of a building from a point
on the ground 30 yards from its base is 37⬚. Find the height of
In Exercises 7–12, find the exact value of each expression. Do not the building to the nearest yard.
use a calculator. 22. A 73-foot rope from the top of a circus tent pole is anchored
p p p to the flat ground 43 feet from the bottom of the pole. Find
7. tan cos - cos 8. tan 300⬚
6 3 2 the angle, to the nearest tenth of a degree, that the rope
7p 22p makes with the pole.
9. sin 10. sec
4 3 23. Use the figure to find the bearing from O to P.

11. cot a- b
8p
3 N

+ np b, n is an integer.
7p
12. tana
3 P
13. If sin u = a and cos u = b, represent each of the following in W
O
E
terms of a and b. 10°
S
a. sin(-u) + cos(- u) b. tan u - sec u

24. An object moves in simple harmonic motion described

In Exercises 14–17, graph one period of each function. by d = -6 cos pt, where t is measured in seconds and d in
inches. Find a. the maximum displacement, b. the frequency,
15. y = -2 cos ax - b
p
14. y = 3 sin 2x and c. the time required for one oscillation.
2
x 25. Why are trigonometric functions ideally suited to model
16. y = 2 tan 17. y = - 12 csc px phenomena that repeat in cycles?
2