Power System Standard Division

By

Mr.Chomkrengkrai Sawangsaen
(Electrical Engineer)
Tel. (+66)2-590-5585

Power Systems Standard Division, Engineering Department, PEA

LINE TENSION
and
POLE STRENGTH
2
 Pole Strength
• Bending moment is define concrete pole strength (in T.m or kg.m )
• Enough pole strength are consider from Safety Factor(SF.)

SF. = Breaking Moment

Working Moment

• Sum Bending moment not over than working moment of that pole
• POLE 8.0 , 9.0 , 12.0 , 14.0 , 16.0 m. SF.  3.0
• POLE 12.20 , 14.30 , 22.0 m. SF.  2.0
 Physical Characteristics
of Concrete Pole POLE LENGTH ( METER )
ITEM 8 9 12 12.20 14 14.30 16 22
SIZE OF CROSS SECTION ( mm x mm ) 120 x120 120 x120 150x180 180x180 160x200 220x220 160x200 250x250
TOP END
BUTT END 200 x200 210 x210 240x270 340x340 300x300 380x380 340x340 440x440
SECTION AREA OF POLE ON 0.099125 1.18125 1.875 2.455 2.64 3.444 3.2775 6.7272
TRANSVERSE FACE ( m 2 )
WEIGHT ( kg ) 490 590 1265 1,490 1,950 2,015 2,590 6,400
DEPTH OF POLE SETTING ( m ) 1.50 1.50 2.00 2.20 2.00 2.30 2.20 2.00
MINIMUM RESISTING OF BENDING
MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL (kg-m)
- WORKING MOMENT 760 1,070 2,550 5,900 3,590 9,000 5,300 18,000
- BREAKING MOMENT 2,280 3,210 7,650 11,800 10,770 18,000 15,900 36,000
BENDING MOMENT BY WIND LOAD 256 354 700 895 1,150 1,524 1,613 5,382
80 kg/m2 ON TRANSVERSE
FACE OF POLE ( kg-m )
 Bending Moment Calculation
B
F = 2 kg

BM = 2 x 1 = 2 kg-m

H=1m
A

BM = F  H kg-m
โดย BM = BENDING MOMENT in kg-m
F = FORCE ON POLE in kg
H = Height of pole from ground level to point that force impact in m
 Bending Moment on pole
1. Bending Moment by Wind Load
BMc • on pole (BMp)
• on wire (BMc)
BMei • on another equipment
BMp 2. Bending Moment from Eccentricity load
BMec • Weight of wire (BMec)
• Weight of insulator (BMei)
3. Bending Moment by Line Deflection Angle (BMsa)
6
 Wind Velocity

PEA Standard define wind velocity depend on

wind velocity in National Electrical Safety Code
(NESC)

Use wind velocity 60 mile/hr. (96.6 km/hr.) that

make force on wire 9 pound/ft2 (LIGHT type but
not include constant factor 0.05 lb/ft)
Image from : http://standards.ieee.org/about/nesc/products.html
 Define wind velocity of meteorology
Wind Velocity at 10 m
above ground level
Type of wind Effect (km/hr)
ลมสงบ Calm ลมเงียบ ควันลอยขึ้นตรงๆ 1
ลมเบา Light air ควันลอยตามลมแต่ศรลมไม่หนั ไปตามทิ ศลม 1-5
ลมอ่อน Light breeze รู้สึกลมพัดที่หน้ า ใบไม้พดั กรอบแกรบ ศรลมหันไปตามทิ ศลม 6-11
ลมโชย Gentle breeze ใบไม้และกิ่ งไม้เล็กๆ กระดิ ก ธงปลิ ว 12-19
ลมปานกลาง Moderate breeze ุ่ ดตลบ กระดาษปลิ ว กิ่ งไม้เล็กขยับเขยื้อน
มีฝนพั 20-28
ลมแรง Fresh breeze ต้นไม้เล็กๆ แกว่งไปมา มีระลอกน้า 29-38
ลมจัด Strong breeze กิ่ งไม้ใหญ่ขยับเขยื้อน ได้ยินเสียงหวิ วตามสายโทรเลขใช้ร่มลาบาก 39-49
พายุเกลอ่อน Near gale ต้นไม้ใหญ่ทงั ้ ต้นแกว่งไกว เดิ นทวนลมไม่สะดวก 50-61
พายุเกล Gale กิ่ งไม้หกั ต้านการเดิ น 62-74
พายุเกลแรง Strong gale อาคารที่ไม่มนคงหั
ั่ กพัง หลังคาปลิ ว 75-88
พายุ Storm ต้นไม้ถอนรากคอนโคน เกิ ดความเสียหายมาก(ไม่ค่อยปรากฏบ่อยนัก) 89-102
พายุใหญ่ Violent storm ่ (ไม่ค่อยปรากฏ)
เกิ ดความเสียหายทัวไป 103-117
พายุไต้ฝนหรื ุ่ อ Typhoon or  117
เฮอร์ริเคน Hurricane
 Wind Load Calculation
- In case of wind impact on pole (Rectangle Shape) ;
Use wind velocity 60 mile/hr.
P = 0.004V2

P = 0.004*602 , P = 14.4 lb/ft2

P = 14.4 lb/ft2 or 70.32 kg/m2
PEA USE P = 80 kg/m2
 Bending Moment Calculation
By Wind load on Pole

P = 80 kg/m2 CG Force(Wp)
On the Area(Ap)
 Bending Moment Calculation
Wind Impact on Pole
ITEM POLE LENGTH ( METER )
8 9 12 12.20 14 14.30 16 22
BENDING MOMENT BY 256 354 700 895 1,150 1,524 1,613 5,382
WIND LOAD
80 kg/m2 ON
TRANSVERSE
FACE OF POLE ( kg-m )
 Wind Load Calculation
- In case of wind impact on wire (Cylindrical Shape) ;

P = 0.0025V2

PEA Use wind velocity that make force on wire 9 lb/ft2

9 = 0.0025V2 , V = 60 mile/hr.
or V = 96.6 km/hr.
P = 9 lb/ft2 or 43.95 kg/m2
PEA USE P = 40 kg/m2
 Bending Moment Calculation
By Wind Load on Wire
BMc = PxdxLxHxn kg.- m.

When P = Wind Pressure on Wire = 40 kg/m2

d = Overall Diameter of Wire (in m)
L = Span (in m)
H = Height of each Wire on pole from ground level (in m)
n = Quantity of Wire
 Definitions of Wind Span
Wind Span or Horizontal Span (HS)
Average Span Both Side For Each Pole
wind wind

HS
TOP VIEW
HS = HORIZONTAL OR WIND SPAN
 Bending Moment by
Eccentricity Load
By Weight of wire
BMec = We x L x I x n kg.- m.

By Weight of insulator
BMei = Wi x I x n kg.- m.
When We = Weight of Wire (in kg.)
Wi = Weight of Insulator (in kg.)
L = Span (in m)
I = Length Between Wire or Insulator Form Pole (in m)
n = Quantity of Wire or Insulator
 Bending Moment by
Line Deflection Angle
BMsa = 2  T Sin(/2)  h  n kg.- m.

When

T = Tension in Wire (in kg)
 = Line Deflection Angle (in m)
H = Height of each Wire on pole from ground level (in m)
n = Quantity of Wire
 Tension Calculation

Tension(T) = WRL2 kg
8s
When T = Tension in Wire (in kg)
WR = Resultant Load (in kg./m.)
L = Span (in m)
S = Sag of Wire (in m)

Wind Load is Considered

 Definitions of Weight Span
Weight Span or Vertical Span (VS)
Horizontal Length Between lowest point of Conductor
Both Side For Each Pole

SIDE VIEW
VS = VERTICAL OR WEIGHT SPAN
 Tension Calculation With Wind Load
d Ww

WW = P xd
Then WR = (W2 + WW2 )

W WR
When P = Wind Pressure on Wire = 40 kg/m2

d = Overall Diameter of Wire (in m)

W= Weight of Wire per Length (in kg./m.)
WW= Wind Load on Wire per Length (in kg./m.)
WR = Resultant Load on Wire per Length (in kg./m.)
 DESIGN LOADING PER LINEAR METER
CROSS –SECTION NUMBER OF
AREA WIRE OVERALL RATE WEIGHT OF WIND 40 KG RESULTANT
AND DIAMETER
OF CONDUCTOR OF DIAMETER ULTIMATE CONDUCTOR PER sq.m LOAD
mm2 WIRE STRENGTH (VERTICAL) (TRANSV)
NOMINAL ACTUAL NO DIAM(mm) mm kg kg/m kg kg/m
ALLUMINIUM CONDUCTOR (A)
25 25.18 7 2.14 6.42 440 0.069 0.2568 0.26590
35 34.91 7 2.52 7.56 606 0.096 0.3024 0.31730
50/7 50.14 7 3.02 9.06 844 0.137 0.3624 0.38740
70 68.98 19 2.15 10.75 1,205 0.19 0.4300 0.47010
95 94.76 19 2.52 12.6 1,644 0.261 0.5040 0.56750
120 121.21 19 2.85 14.25 2,103 0.333 0.5700 0.66010
185 184.54 37 2.52 17.64 3,201 0.509 0.7056 0.87000
 Example

A 12.20 m. Concrete Pole is Installed

- 3 Wire Aluminum Conductor 185 mm2 ,
- 4 Wire Low-Voltage Aluminum Cable 95 mm2
- Street Light Cable 25 mm2
- Telecommunication Cable Diameter 50 mm
Span 40 m show in Figure ;
Calculate Bending Moment by Wind Load on this Pole
 Solution

Cross-Section Diameter Quantity Weight

Wire List Area (m.) (kg./m.)
(sq.mm.)
Aluminum Conductor 185 0.01764 3 0.509

Low-Voltage Aluminum Cable 95 0.01485 4 0.390

Street Light Cable 25 0.0085 1 0.120
Telecommunication Cable 0.050 3.26
 Solution
(1) From Pole Characteristic Bending Moment by Wind Load on 12.20 m. Pole
BMp = 895 kg-m
(2) Calculate Bending Moment by Wind Load Each Wire (BMc)
BMc = P x d x L x H x n kg.-m.
(2.1) BMc1 Aluminum Conductor 185 mm2.
= 40 x 0.01764 x 40 x 9.85 x 3 = 834.02 kg.-m.
(2.2) BMc2 Low-Voltage Aluminum Cable 95 mm2
= 40 x 0.01485 x 40 x 7 x 4 = 665.28 kg.-m.
(2.3) BMc3 Street Light Cable 25 mm2 .
= 40 x 0.0085 x 40 x 6.5 x 1 = 88.4 kg.-m.
(2.4) BMc4 Telecommunication Cable
= 40 x 0.05 x 40 x 5.7 x 1 = 458 kg.-m.
 Solution

Sum of Bending Moment for each wire

∑BMc = 834.02 + 665.28 + 88.4 + 458
= 2,045.7 kg.-m.
Sum all of Bending Moment by Wind Load
BMT = BMp + BMc
= 895 + 2,045.7
= 2,940.7 kg.-m.
 Sag Calculation

case1

Sag(s) = WL2 m
8T0
When T0 = Tension in Wire (in kg)
W = Weight of Wire (in kg./m.)
L = Span (in m)
S = Sag of Wire (in m)
*In Normal State , Wind Load is not Considered
 Sag Calculation
case2
• See Graph Sag Curve in PEA Standard (no Wind Load)
• Tension T 2 = f2 x A

When T2 = Tension in Wire at ambient Temperature (in kg)

f2 = Stress (in kg./cm2.)
A = Cross-section Area (in cm2)
 Example From Sag Table of
Aluminum conductor 185 mm2
Calculate Tension at Span
80 m. , 40oC
Aluminum Conductor 185 mm2
Have Real Cross-Section Area
184.54 mm2
Stress (T2) = f2 x A
= 141.01x 184.54
100
= 260.22 kg.
 Definitions of Ruling Span
3.Ruling Span
Average Span Between Dead-End or Double Dead-End
that Produce Same Tension
Ruling Span = L13 + L23 + L33 + ....+ Ln3
L1 + L2 + L3 + …. + Ln

When L1 = Span 1 , L2 = Span 2 , L3 = Span 3 ,… , Ln= Span n

 Example Span Calculation
CASE 1 A B C D

Pole Pole Pole Pole

12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m.

40 m. 40 m. 40 m.
Pole B and C : Wind Span = (40+40)/2 = 40 m.
Weight Span = (40+40)/2 = 40 m.
Pole A and D : Wind Span = (40)/2 = 20 m.
Weight Span = (40)/2 = 20 m.
Ruling Span = (403+ 403+ 403) = 40 m.
(40+40+40)
 Example Span Calculation
CASE 2 A B C D

Pole Pole Pole Pole

12 m. 12 m. 12 m. 12 m.

30 m. 50 m. 40 m.
Pole B : Wind Span = (30+50)/2 = 40 m.
Weight Span = (30+50)/2 = 40 m.
Pole C : Wind Span = (50+40)/2 = 45 m.
Weight Span = (50+40)/2 = 45 m.
Ruling Span = (303+ 503+ 403) = 42.4 m.
(30+50+40)
 Tension and Sag at Slope Area

Pole B
Pole A
Minimum Sag

Tension
 Summarize Requirements
of Tension in Wire
State % Ultimate Tensile
Strength
ุ หภูมิตา่ สุดเมื่อมีลม
1.แรงดึงขึงสายขัน้ ต้นที่อณ  50
(initial tension at minimum temperature with wind)
ุ หภูมิเฉลี่ย เมื่อไม่มีลม
2.แรงดึงขึงสายขัน้ ต้นที่อณ  33.33
(initial tension at every-day temperature no wind)
ุ หภูมิตา่ สุด เมื่อมีลม
3.แรงดึงขึงสายขัน้ สุดท้ายหลัง 10 ปี ที่อณ  40
(final tension at minimum temperature with wind after 10 years)

ุ หภูมิเฉลี่ย เมื่อไม่มีลม
4.แรงดึงขึงสายขัน้ สุดท้ายหลัง 10 ปี ที่อณ  20
(final tension at every-day temperature no wind after 10 years )
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