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PEMANFAATAN DATA SOUNDING DAPAT

DIGUNAKAN UNTUK ANALISIS AWAN CB


DAN THUNDERSTORM, DISAMPING ITU
INDEKS DARI DATA RASON DIKENAL
JUGA DENGAN SEBUTAN PARAMETER
KONVEKTIF
PARAMETER KONVEKTIF ANTARA LAIN :
-SI
-LI
-TOTA INDEKX
-K INDEK
-SWEAT
-DSB…..
BANYAK SEKALI RUMUSAN PARAMTER KONVEKTIF YG
DPT DIMANFAATKAN UTK KEPERLUAN PREDIKSI SKALA
LOKAL ATAU NOWCASTING
What conditions
make the air unstable?
• Warming of surface air
– Solar heating of ground
– Warm “advection” near surface
– Air moving over a warm surface
(e.g., a warm body of water)

• Cooling of air aloft


– Cold “advection” aloft (thunder-snow!)
– Radiative cooling of air/clouds aloft
What conditions
make the air stable?
• Radiative cooling of surface at night

• Advection of cold air near the surface

• Air moving over a cold surface (e.g., snow)

• Warming of the air due to compression from


subsidence (sinking)
KONSEP DAN IDE TTG UDARA KERING DAN LEMBAB

Conveksi Panas vs. Kondusi


Atmospheric lapse rate
Fungsi Tekanan terhadap ketinggian
Konveksi dalam udara kering dan basah
Perjalanan panas atmosfer
Konveksi lembab dan CISK
Static Stability Indices – CAPE and Vertical Velocity

maximum is seldom realized


due to entrainment and
water loading
Bulk Richardson Number
Represents the ratio of buoyancy (as measured by CAPE)
and the vertical wind shear. As we have noted, CAPE
relates to updraft strength. Storm structure and movement
are related to the vertical wind shear.
Bulk Richardson Number
• BRN < 10 ~ much more shear
than buoyancy and storms tend
to be torn apart by the shear
• exception: in strongly forced,
high-shear, low-CAPE
environments where supercells
are observed with BRN < 10
• 10 < BRN < 35 ~ balance
between shear and buoyancy
favor supercells
• BRN > 50 ~ buoyancy
dominates over shear and
single- or multi-cell storms are
more likely to be observed
S INDEKS
Metode single station di daerah midlatitude
Sangat Tidak
Kategori Faktor Dominan Mendukung Mendukung Biasa Mendukung
pergerakan massa udara
lapisan bawah (konvergen,
front) Kuat Sedang Lemah tidak ada
2 x Sqrt(CAPE) + SR –
Inflow (Sqrt = akar
Inisialisasi /potensi Badai kuadrat) > 125kts 100 - 125 80 - 99 < 80
Kuat/Severe Strom 400 - 700mb > 30 20-29 19 < 12
Ketinggian lapisan beku
updraft atau lingkungan 11,500 - 14,000 - 16,000
Hail besar (AGL) < 11,000 ft 13,500 ft ft 17,000 ft
Ketebalan/intensitas - Kuat, meso - Sedang, - Meso
mesocyclone tebal meso tebal lemah/tipis - Tanpa meso
Depresi titik embun
(Dewpt) lapisan 500 – 700
mb (C) > 7.5 6.5-7.5 5.5-6.5 < 5.5
Lapse Rate lapisan 850 –
500 mb (C/km) > 25 -43 -30 - <12
Angin Yang Merusak
Sfc thetaE-lowest thetaE
pada lapisan 400 – 700 mb
(K) >6 4-6 3-4 <3
Perubahan tekanan
permukaan 3 jam (mb) > 15 10-15 5-10 <5
400 - 700 mb > 30 kts 20-29kts 10-19kts < 10 kts
Depresi titik embun
Tornado
terendah lapisan 50 – 100 12-18F (6- 19-27F (10 -
mb < 11F (6C) 10C) 15C) >27F (15C)

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