FORCES & MOMENTS DUE TO WATER CURRENT & CROSS CURRENT

Velocity through vent = 2 m/sec

MFL = RL 96.500
Bottom of Capping Beam = RL 93.350
Bottom of column = RL 87.000
Bottom of Footing = RL 86.100
Size of Column : 1.000
In Longitudinal Direction = 1.000 m
In Transverse Direction = 1.000 m
Size of Pier cap = 2.4 x 1.20 x 0.80 m
Size of Footing = 3.50 x 3.50 m
As per cl.213.1/ IRC-6-2000, any part of a road bridge which may be submerged
in runningwater shall be designed to sustain safely the horizontal pressure due to
the force of the current.
current, the intensity of pressure shall be calculated from the following equation.
P = 52 K V 2
2
Where P= Intensity of pressure due to water current in kg/m
V = the velocity of the current at the point where the pressure intensity is
being calculated, in m/sec
K = a constant having the following values for different shapes of piers
Square ended piers = 1.5
Circular piers = 0.66
As per cl.213.7/ IRC-6-2000, When supports are made with two or
more piles or trestle columns, the group shall be treated as a solid
rectangular pier of the same overall length and width and the value of
K taken as 1.25
Water current : (Transverse direction)
v= 2 m/sec Angle of skew 't' = 0 degrees
v 2 = (2xcos(t-20))x(2xcos(t-20))
= 3.532 m/sec
2 2
v =2Xv
= 2x3.532 = 7.064
Cross current : (Longitudinal direction)
v= 2 m/sec
v 2 = (2xSin(t+20))x(2xSin(t+20))
= 0.468 m/sec
2 2
v =2Xv
= 2x0.468 = 0.936
Water current : (Transverse direction) (For columns)
v= 2 m/sec
v 2 = (2xcos(t+20))x(2xcos(t+20))
= 3.532 m/sec
2 2
v =2Xv
= 2x3.532 = 7.064

Cross current : (Longitudinal direction)

 v= 2 m/sec
v 2 = (2xSin(t+20))x(2xSin(t+20))
= 0.468 m/sec
2 2
v =2Xv
= 2x0.468 = 0.936
Transverse Moment due to Water Current
1) @ Pier Cap @ MFL level
MFL RL 96.500 5.51
Bottom of pier cap RL 93.350 3.683

3.150

9.500
Bottom of Column
RL 87.000 0

6.350
0.900

9.500
Bottom of Footing -0.522
RL 86.100

0.000
-0.900
Max. scour level
RL 87.000 0
2
Pressure due to Water Current @ MFL = 52 K V
K= 1.5
P = 52X1.5X7.064 = 550.992 Kg/m2
Pressure due to Water Current @ MFL = 5.51 KN/m2
Force due to Water current @ Pier cap @ MFL level
= 1.2 x 3.15 x ( 5.51 + 3.683 ) / 2 = 17.375 KN
3.683+2x5.51 x 3.150
Lever arm =
3.683+5.51 3
= 1.679 from bottom of Pier cap
Transverse Moment at bottom of Pier cap = 17.375x1.679 = 29.173 KNm
2) @ Bottom of Column :
MFL RL 96.500 2.424
Bottom of pier cap RL 93.350 1.62
6.350 3.150

9.500

Bottom of Column 0
RL 87.000
0.900

6.350

9.500

Bottom of Footing -0.23

RL 86.100
-0.900

0.000

Max. scour level

RL 87.000 0
2
Pressure due to Water Current @ MFL = 52 K V
K = 0.66
P = 52X0.66X7.064
 = 242.436 Kg/m2
Pressure due to Water Current @ MFL = 2.424 KN/m2
Force due to Water current @ Bottom of Column
= 1 x 6.35 x ( 1.62 + 0 ) / 2 + 17.375
= 5.14 KN + 17.375 KN
0+2x1.62 x 6.350
Lever arm =
0+1.62 3
= 4.233 m from base of the column.
Transverse Moment at base of the column = 5.144x4.233 + 17.375x (1.679+6.35 )
= 161.28 KNm
Bottom of Footing
2
Pressure due to Water Current @ MFL = 52 K V
K= 1.5
P = 52X1.5X7.064
= 550.992 Kg/m2
Pressure due to Water Current @ MFL = 5.51 KN/m2
MFL RL 96.500 5.51

9.500
Bottom of Column 0
RL 87.000 0.900

9.500
Bottom of Footing -0.522 0.000
RL 86.100
-0.900

Max. scour level

RL 87.000 0
Force due to Water current Bottom of Footing
=3.5x0.9x(0+-0.522)/2 + 17.375 KN + 5 KN
= -0.822 + 17.375 KN + 5 KN
= 21.697 KN
-0.522+2x0 x 0.900
Lever arm =
-0.522+0 3
= 0.300 m from base of the Pile cap.
Trans.Moment -0.822x0.3+17.375x( 1.679+6.35+0.9)+5.144x(4.233+0.900000000000006)
Bottom of Footing = -0.247 + 155.141 + 26.404152
= 181.30 KNm
3) @ Fixity level :
2
Pressure due to Water Current @ MFL = 52 K V
K = 1.25
P = 52X1.25X7.064
= 459.16 Kg/m2
Pressure due to Water Current @ MFL = 4.592 KN/m2
 MFL RL 96.500 4.592

9.500
Bottom of Column 0
RL 87.000

0.900

9.500
Bottom of Footing -0.435

0.000
RL 86.100

Max. scour level

-0.900
RL 87.000 0

Force due to Water current @ Fixity level =

= (1/2x-0.435x-0.900000000000006x
+ 17.375 KN
+ 5.1 KN + -1KN
= 0.00 + 17.38 KN + 5 KN
+ -0.8 KN
= 21.697 KN
Transverse Moment (0x(-0.900000000000006/3+(0)+ 17.375x(1.679+6.35+0.900000000000006+-0.900000000000006+0
about fixity Level = + 5.144x(4.233+0.900000000000006+-0.900000000000006+0
+ -0.822 x (0.3 + 0
= 0 + 17.375 x 8.029 + 5 x 4.233 m
+ -0.822 x 0.30 = 161 KNm
Longitudinal Moment due to Cross Current
1) @ Pier Cap @ MFL level
MFL RL 96.500 0.73
Bottom of pier cap RL 93.350 0.488
3.150

9.500

Bottom of Column
RL 87.000 0
6.350
0.900

9.500

Bottom of Footing -0.069

RL 86.100
0.000
-0.900

Max. scour level

RL 87.000 0
2
Pressure due to Cross Current @ MFL = 52 K V
K= 1.5
P= 52X1.5X0.936
= 73.008 Kg/m2
Pressure due to Cross Current @ MFL = 0.73 KN/m2
Width of pier cap at MFL level = 9.963 m
in longitudinal direction
Force due toCross current @ Pier cap @ MFL level
= 9.963 x 3.15 x ( 0.73 + 0.488 ) / 2
 = 19.113 KN
0.488+2x0.73 x 3.150
Lever arm =
0.488+0.73 3
= 1.679 m from bottom of Pier cap
Longitudinal Moment at bottom of Pier cap = 19.113x1.679
= 32.091 KNm
2) @ Bottom of Column :
MFL RL 96.500 0.321

3.15
Bottom of pier cap RL 93.350 0.215

6.350

9.500
Bottom of Column 0
RL 87.000

0.900

6.350

9.500
Bottom of Footing -0.03
RL 86.100

-0.900

0.000
Max. scour level
RL 87.000 0
2
Pressure due to Cross Current @ MFL = 52 K V
K= 0.66
P= 52X0.66X0.936
= 32.124 Kg/m2
Pressure due to Cross Current @ MFL = 0.321 KN/m2
Force due to Cross current @ Bottom of Column
= 1 x 6.35 x ( 0.215 + 0 ) / 2 + 19.113
= 0.68 KN + 19.113 KN
0+2x0.215 x 6.350
Lever arm =
0+0.215 3
= 4.233 m from base of the column.
Longitudinal Moment at base of the column = 0.683x4.233 + 19.113x (1.679+6.35 )
= 156.349 KNm
Bottom of Footing
2
Pressure due to Cross Current @ MFL = 52 K V
K= 1.5
P= 52X1.5X0.936
= 73.008 Kg/m2
Pressure due to Cross Current @ MFL = 0.73 KN/m2
MFL RL 96.500 0.73

9.50
Bottom of Column 0
RL 87.000

0.900

9.500
Bottom of Footing -0.069

0.000
RL 86.100

-0.900
Max. scour level
RL 87.000 0
Force due to Cross current Bottom of Footing
=3.5x0.9x(0+-0.069)/2+0.683
= -0.109 + 19.113 KN + 1 KN
= 19.687 KN
-0.069+2x0 x 0.900
Lever arm =
-0.069+0 3
= 0.300 m from base of the Pile cap.
Long.Moment (-0.109x0.3)+19.113x (1.679+6.35+0.900000000000006) + 0.683x(4.233+0.9))
Bottom of Footing -0.033 + 170.7 + 3.51
= 174.13 KNm
3) @ Fixity level :
2
Pressure due to Cross Current @ MFL = 52 K V
K= 1.25
P= 52X1.25X0.936
= 60.84 Kg/m2
Pressure due toCross Current @ MFL = 0.608 KN/m2
MFL RL 96.500 0.608
9.500

Bottom of Column 0
RL 87.000
0.900

9.500

Bottom of Footing
0.000

RL 86.100 -0.058
-0.900

Max. scour level

RL 87.000
0
Force due toCross current @ Fixity level =
= (1/2x-0.058x-0.900000000000006x
+ 19.11 KN
+ 0.68 KN + -0.109KN
= 0.0 KN + 19.11 KN + 0.683 KN
+ -0.109
Longitudinal Moment = 19.687 KN
= (0x(-0.900000000000006/3) + (0 19.113 x (1.679+6.35+0.901+-0.900000000000006+0
about fixity Level = + 0.683x(4.233+0.901+-0.901+0
+ -0.109 x (0.3+-0.900000000000006+0
= 0.00 + 19.113 x 8.030 m + 0.683 x 4.233 m
+ -0.109 x 0.30
= 156.3 KNm