DRUG STUDY

Name of the Drug Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic name: Citicoline increases phosphatidylcholine Citicoline is taken by mouth or given as CNS: Insomnia, headache Before:
Citicoline synthesis. The mechanism for this may an injection to help memory loss due to -Identify patient, check v/s, history of
Brand name: Cholinerv be: By converting 1, 2-diacylglycerol aging, improve vision in people with CV: Hypo/hypertension, chest pains allergies, hypertonic of the
into phosphatidylcholine. Stimulating glaucoma, and help with recovery in parasympathetic episodes.
Classification: the synthesis of SAMe, which aids in stroke patients. It is also used for RESPI: N/A -Prepare corticosteroids or
Psychostimulant and Nootropic membrane stabilization and reduces Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, sympathomimetics for possible side
Dosage: levels of arachidonic acid. bipolar disorder, lazy eye, and other GI: Constipation, diarrhea, nausea, effect of hypotension
1g conditions of the brain. stomach pain -Educate patient that they can take it
Frequency: Contraindications with or without food
Q6 Incompatible with meclofenoxate- During:
Route: containing products. -Monitor for adverse effects; instruct
IVTT patient to report immediately if he/she
Timing: Contraindicated for patients with develops chest tightness, tingling in
hypertonia of the parasympathetic mouth and throat, headache, diarrhea
nervous system. and blurring of vision
After:
Take special precaution for patients -Patient should be advised not to
with persistent intracranial abruptly stop medications and
hemorrhage. Pregnancy and lactation. encourage continue taking the full
course.
May potentiate the effect of levodopa. -Instruct patient to report immediately
if any of the symptoms listed above
appear.

Reference/Source: Deglin J. H. & Vallerand A. H.(2009) Davis’s drug guide for nurses 11 th edition. Davis company
 Name of the Drug Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic name: The B-complex vitamins act as This product is a combination of B
Vit. B Complex coenzymes and are essential for the vitamins used to treat or prevent CNS: Headache, dizziness, Insomnia, Before:
Brand name: metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates vitamin deficiency due to poor diet, fatigue, tiredness
and fatty acids. certain illnesses, alcoholism, or during  Verify doctor’s order
Classification: pregnancy. Vitamins are important GI: dyspepsia, GI pain, diarrhea,  Know the reason for giving the
building blocks of the body and help vomiting, constipation drug
keep you in good health  Check for contraindication
Dosage: GU: Dysuria, renal impairment,  Verify dosage of the drug
1 Cap  Prepare drug on time
Frequency: Derm: Rash, pruritus, sweating, dry  Perform assessment and health
OD MM, stomatitis history
Route:
NGT
Timing: During:
 Verify client’s identity
 Inform the client of the
purpose of the drug
 Assess route pf
administration
 Check for pt’s status
 Administer the drug on time
After:
 Instruct client to report any
Contraindications unusualities
Sensitivity to any of the ingredients  Ensure pt’s safety
included in the medication  Monitor accordingly
 Dispose the unused materials
properly
 Document relevant data

DRUG STUDY
 Name of the Drug Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic name: Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins Mild pain CNS: Depression, tiredness, weakness, Before:
Acetaminophen that may serve as mediators of pain drowsiness -Assess overall health status and
and fever, primarily in the CNS. Has no Fever alcohol usage before administering
Brand name: significant anti-inflammatory properties GI: Anorexia, metallic taste, nausea, acetaminophen.
Paracetamol or GI toxicity Contraindications vomiting
Hypersensitivity - Assess amount, frequency, and type of
Classification: F and E: Hyperchloremic acidosis drugs taken in patients self-medicating,
Antipyretics, nonopioid analgesic Severe hepatic impairment especially with OTC drugs.
Neuro: Paranesthesia
Dosage: -Assess for fever, note presence of
500 MG/TAB, 1 TAB associated signs(diaphoresis,
Frequency: tachycardia, and malaise)
Q4, prn for t >38.0C
Route: During:
NGT -Administer with a full glass of water
Timing:
-May be taken with food or on an
empty stomach

After:

- Advise patient to take medications

exactly as directed and not to take
more that the recommended amount.

- Advise patient to avoid alcohol

- Advise patient to consult health care

professional if discomfort or fever is
not relieved by routine doses of this
drug or if fever is greater than 39.5 C or
lasts longer than 3 days

Reference/Source: Deglin J. H. & Vallerand A. H.(2009) Davis’s drug guide for nurses 11 th edition. Davis company

DRUG STUDY
 Name of the Drug Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic name: Piperacillin (Tazobactam Tazobactam inhibits beta lactamase Treatment of serious infections caused CNS: Headache, dizziness, fatigue, and Before:
(Vigocid) and prevents the destruction of by susceptible strains of the designated seizures -Identify patient, check v/s, history of
piperacillin. Therefore, tazobactam is microorganisms such as E. coli, allergies to any betalactams
Brand name: given with piperacillin to enhance the Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., P. CV: Heartburn
Zosyn activity of piperacillin in eradicating aeruginosa, Serratia spp., H. influenzae, -Assess for hypersensitivity to any
bacterial infections. Piperacillin kills Bacteroides spp., or anaerobic cocci. RESPI: Runny nose betalactams.
Classification: β-lactam antibiotic bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of
bacterial cell walls. Contraindications GI: Diarrhea and loose stools vomiting, -C&S prior to first dose of the drug;
Dosage: Contraindicated in patients with a nausea, increases in liver enzymes start drug pending results. Monitor
4.5 mg history of allergic reactions to any of (LDH, AST, ALT), hyperbilirubinemia, hematologic status with prolonged
Frequency: the betalactams, including penicillins cholestatic hepatitis, bloody diarrhea, therapy (Hct and Hgb, CBC with
Q8 and/or cephalosporins. and pseudomembranous colitis. differential and platelet count).
Route:
IV drip Interacts with Aminoglycosides, During:
Timing: Vecuronium, Probenecid, -Monitor patient carefully during the
Anticoagulants, Methotrexate. first 30 min after initiation of the
infusion for signs of hypersensitivity.

-Watch for seizures, notify physician

immediately if patient develops or
increases seizure activity.

-Monitor signs of pseudomembranous

colitis, including diarrhea, abdominal
pain, fever, pus or mucus in stools, and
other severe or prolonged GI problems
(nausea, vomiting, heartburn). Notify
physician or nursing staff immediately
of these signs.

After:
-Patient should be reinforced to
continue taking the full course of
medications.

-Instruct patient to notify physician

immediately if signs of the following
occur such as rash, itching, or other
signs of hypersensitivity, black, furry
overgrowth on tongue; vaginal itching
or discharge; loose or foul-smelling
 stools.

Reference/Source: Deglin J. H. & Vallerand A. H.(2009) Davis’s drug guide for nurses 11 th edition. Davis company

DRUG STUDY

Name of the Drug Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic name:  Erosive esophagitis associated with
Pantoprazole Binds to an enzyme in the presence of GERD. Decrease relapse rates of CNS: headache Before:
acidic gastric pH, preventing the final daytime and nighttime heartburn - Assess patient routinely for epigastric
Brand name: transport of hydrogen ions into the symptoms on patients with GERD. GI: diarrhea, abdominal pain, or abdominal pain and for frank or
Pantoloc gastric lumen. Pathologic gastric hypersecretory eructation, flatulence occult blood in stool, emesis, or gastric
conditions aspirate
Classification: Endo: hyperglycemia
Proton pump inhibitor, Antiulcer Agent Adjuntive treatment of duodenal ulcers During:
Dosage: associated with H.pylori -Patient receiving pantoprazole IV
40 mg, 1 CAP Contraindications should be converted to PO dosing as
soon as possible
Frequency: Hypersensitivity
After:
Route: - Instruct patient to take medication as
IVTT,NGT directed for the full course of therapy,
even if feeling better
Timing:
- Advise patient to report onset of
black, tarry stools; diarrhea; or
abdominal pain to health care
professional promptly
Reference/Source: https://www.pediatriconcall.com/drugs/vitamin-b-complex/1047

DRUG STUDY
 Name of the Drug Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic name: Inhibits the transport of calcium into Management of: hypertension, Angina CNS: Anxiety, confusion, dizziness, Before:
Nicardipine myocardial and vascular smooth muscle pectoris, vasospastic (Prinsmetal’s) drowsiness, headache - Monitor blood pressure and pulse
cells, resulting in inhibition of angina prior to therapy, during dosage
Brand name: excitation-contraction coupling and EENT: Blurred vision, disturbed titration, and periodically throughout
Cardene, Cardene IV, Cardene SR subsequent contraction equilibrium, epistaxis, tinnitus therapy, monitor ECG periodically
Classification: during prolonged therapy
Anti-anginal, anti hypertensives Resp: cough, dyspnea, shortness of
Contraindications breath -Assess location, duration, intensity and
Dosage: Hypersensitivity; sick sinus syndrome; precipitating factors of patient’s angina
10 MG IN 90 CC PNSS @ 10 CC/HR WITH 2nd or 4rd degree AV block; Advance CV: Peripheral edema, bradycardia, pain
INCREMENTS aortic stenosis chest pain, hypotension, palpitations,
Frequency: syncope, tachycardia During:
DUnno - Monitor heart rate and blood pressure
Route: GI: Constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, throughout the therapy.
IV nausea, vomiting
Timing: - Record and report any increase in
GU: Dysuria, nocturia,polyuria, urinary frequency, duration, and severity of
frequency angina when initiating or increasing
dosage. Keep a record of nitroglycerin
Derm: dermatitis, flushing, increased use and promptly report any changes in
sweating, photosensitivity previous anginal pattern.
After:
-Advise patient to take medication
exactly as directed, even if feeling well.
Take missed doses as soon as possible
unless almost time for next dose; do
not double dose.

-Instruct patient on technique for

monitoring pulse/ Instruct patient to
contact health care professional if heart
rate is< 50 bpm

-Caution patient to change positions

slowly to minimize orthostatic
hypotension

-Caution patient to discuss exercise

restriction with health care professional
prior to exertion
Reference/Source Deglin J. H. & Vallerand A. H.(2009) Davis’s drug guide for nurses 11 th edition. Davis company

DRUG STUDY

Name of the Drug Mechanism of Action Indications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Generic name: Betahistine mainly acts as a histamine Meniere’s syndrome
Betahistine H1-receptor agonist. The stimulation of CNS: Headache Before:
Brand name: H1-receptors in the inner ear causes a - Assess the frequency and consistency
Serc vasodilatory effect leading to increased of stools and bowel sounds before and
permeability of blood vessels and a GI: Nausea, indigestion, bloating or throughout therapy
Classification: reduction in endolymphatic pressure; mild stomach
antivertigo preparations. this action prevents the rupture of the Contraindications
labyrinth, which can contribute to the Hypersensitivity During:
Dosage: hearing loss associated with Ménière's - Raise bed rails, Institute safety
16 mg/Tab disease. Betahistine is also purported Phaeochromocytoma measure
Frequency: to act by reducing the asymmetrical
TID, PO functioning of sensory vestibular organs - Swallow tablet whole with one full
Route: and increasing vestibulocochlear blood glass of water.
NGT flow, relieving symptoms of vertigo.5
Timing: After:
- Review medication administration
schedule. If dose is missed, take as soon
as remembered unless almost time for
next dose. Do not double dose

Reference/Source: Deglin J. H. & Vallerand A. H.(2009) Davis’s drug guide for nurses 11 th edition. Davis company