Name: Ibale, Jamaica B..

Date: Febuary 21, 2023

Course: NCM-116 Clincal Instructor: Josept Kirby Moroscallo
Program: BSN-3B

Antacids (Drugs Neutralizing Gastric Acid)

Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side

Name & Drug Formulation Drug Action Effects & Drug Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Interaction

Generic Name: Dosage : Indication: Adverse/Side  Provide full

Sodium Liquid: Adults and Treatment of symptoms Effects:  Adequate drug  To ensure patient instruction,
bicarbonate Children 12 Years of gastro-oesophageal Gastric rupture. absorption. adequate covering the
+ Calcium and Over: One to reflux such as acid Systemic absorption of the drug's name and
Carbonate two sachets or regurgitation, heartburn and alkalosis, headac  Ensure therapeutic other recommended
doses (10-20 mL) indigestion, for example he, nausea, levels. dosage, the
Brand Name: after meals and at following meals or during irritability,  To ensure that administration
Gaviscon bedtime, up to four pregnancy, and for weakness, tetany,  Perform diagnostic therapeutic schedule, the signs
Double Action times per day. symptoms of excess confusion, testing. levels reach the and symptoms of
Drug Children under 12 stomach acid Hypokalemia. stomach to side effects and
Years: Should be (hyperacidity).  Prevent imbalances. decrease acidity ways to prevent or
Classification : given only on Drug medications. reduce them,
Antacids, medical advice. Mechanisms of Drug Interactions:  Institute a bowel warning
Antireflux Agents Elderly: No dose Action : Due to the program.  To evaluate drug indications that
& Antiulcerants modifications are  On ingestion, the presence of effects. may suggest
necessary for this medicinal product calcium and  Ensure adequate potential
age group. reacts rapidly with carbonates, a nutritional status.  To ensure early difficulties and the
Tablet: Adults and gastric acid to form a time-interval of 2 detection and need to contact a
Children 12 Years raft alginic acid gel hours should be  Provide patient prompt healthcare
and Over: Two to having a near neutral considered support interventions provider right
four tablets after pH and which floats on between intake of away.
meals and at the stomach contents this product and  To institute a
bedtime, up to four effectively impeding the administration bowel program
times per day. gastro-oesophageal of other medicinal before severe
Children under 12 reflux. In severe cases, products, effects occur.
Years: Should be the raft itself may be especially
given only on refluxed into the tetracyclines,  To ensure
medical advice. esophagus, in fluoroquinolones, adequate fluid
Elderly: No dose preference to the iron salts, thyroid and nutritional
modifications stomach contents, and hormones, intake to
necessary for this exert a demulcent chloroquine, promote healing
age group. effect. bisphosphonates, and GI stability.
Route:  Calcium carbonate and estramustine.
PO neutralizes gastric acid  To help the
Duration : to provide fast relief patient cope with
4 hours from indigestion and the disease and
Formulation: heartburn. This effect the drug regimen
Liquid is increased by the
Tablet addition of sodium
bicarbonate which also
has a neutralizing
action. The total
neutralizing capacity of
the product at the
lowest dose of two
tablets or 10 mL dose
is approximately 10
mEqH+.
 Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side Effects
Name & Drug Formulation Drug Action & Drug Interaction Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching
Classification

Generic Name: Chewable Tablet Indications: Adverse/Side

Aluminium Strength: 178 mg/  For the symptomatic Effects:  Administer  To ensure  Ask the patient to
hydroxide + 233 mg/ 30 mg relief of hyperacidity The combination of antacids between optimal reiterate the
Magnesium Adult Dose: 1 to 2 associated with peptic Aluminum 1-3 hours after absorption and antacid
Hydroxide + tablets to be taken ulcer, gastritis, Hydroxide and meals and/or 1 therapeutic information.
Simeticone one hour after each esophagitis and Magnesium hour before action by
meal and at bedtime. dyspepsia. Hydroxide balances bedtim. antacids.  Keep an eye on
Brand Name: Or, as prescribed by  As an antiflatulent to the side effects of the patient's renal
Kremil-S a doctor. alleviate the symptoms diarrhea from  Administer  Ideal spacing function and
If taken more than of gassiness, including Magnesium antacids about 1 and other oral serum electrolyte
Classification: the recommended postoperative gas pain, Hydroxide and hour before or 2 medications will levels.
Non-systemic dosage, consult a associated with constipation from hour hours after ensure adequate
antacids (Buffer doctor. hyperacidity. Aluminum administering absorption of the  Keep track of the
Type Non- Route:  As adjunct to H2- Hydroxide. other oral drugs patient's reaction
PO blockers or proton Excessive doses of medications as administered. to antacids
systemic
Duration : pump inhibitors for the Aluminum preferred.
antacid)  To inform the
10 hours rapid relief of ulcer Hydroxide and
Formulation: symptoms. Magnesium  Educate the patient patient on the
Tablets Mechanisms of Drug Hydroxide may about the action, basics of
Action : result in high indication, antacids as well
Aluminum Hydroxide and Aluminum and common side as to empower
Magnesium Hydroxide, Magnesium levels effects, adverse him/her to safely
which effectively increase in the blood in reactions to note self-administer
gastric pH by neutralizing patients with kidney when taking the medication.
the acid produced in the impairment. antacids. Instruct
stomach and Simeticone, a the patient on how Antacids may cause
water-repellant with low Drug to self administer diarrhea or
surface tension used to Interactions: antacids. constipation. Early
relieve bloating and  Antacids detection of either
gassiness by causing small decrease the  Monitor the side effect can help
bubbles to coalesce to large absorption of patients’ bowel institute a bowel
bubbles, which are passed Tetracycline movements and program and relieve
more easily. and Iron. Take commence stool them effectively
Tetracycline 1 charts.
hour before or
 2 hours after
antacids and 2
hours before or
3 hours after
Iron-containing
preparations.
 Antacids may
decrease the
absorption of
orally
administered
Digoxin, or
Indomethacin,
Isoniazid,
Quinolones
(e.g.,
Ciprofloxacin,
Ofloxacin),
Ketoconazole.
Doses of these
drugs should
be spaced as
far apart as
possible from
doses of
antacids.
 Antacid-
induced
changes in
urine pH
increase
urinary
excretion and
decrease blood
concentration
of salicylates
such as
Aspirin.
 Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side Effects &

Name & Drug Formulation Drug Action Drug Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Responsibilities

Generic Name: Dosage : Indications: Adverse/Side Effects:  Monitor vital  To have a  Provide thorough
Esomeprazole Capsules (delayed- Gerd; to heal erosive Headache, dizziness, signs. baseline patient teaching,
release): 20mg, esophagitis abdominal pain, for patient’s data. including the drug
Brand Name: 40mg Symptomatic GERD constipation, diarrhea,  Institute a bowel  Monitor the name and prescribed
Nexium Erosive esophagitis due dry mouth, flatulence, program. patient for dosage; the
Powder for to acid due to acid nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or importance of taking
Classification: suspension mediated GERD only pruritus  Monitor constipation in the drug whole
Antiulcer drugs (delayed-release): nutritional order to without opening,
PPIs 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 Mechanisms of Drug status. institute an chewing, or crushing
mg, 20 mg, 40mg Action : Drug Interactions: appropriate it; signs and
Drug-drug. Calcium  Lab tests: bowel program symptoms of
Tablets (delayed- Reduces gastric acid salts (calcium Periodic liver as needed. possible adverse
release): 20 mg secretion and decreases carbonate): May function tests, effects and measures
gastric acidity interfere with GI CBC, Hct &  Monitor the to minimize or
absorption of calcium Hbg, urinalysis. patient’s prevent them.
Route: slats. Closely monitor  Provide safety nutritional status; Instruct patient to take
PO clinical response to and comfort use of small drugs exactly as prescribed
Duration : calcium; larger doses of measures frequent meals  Tell the patient to
13 - 17 hr calcium may be needed. may be helpful if take drug at least 1
Formulation: GI upset is a hour before the meal.
Capsules Drug-herb. St. John’s problem.  Advise patients that
Powder (for wort: may decrease antacids can be used
suspension) esomeprazole level.  To assess for while taking drugs
Tablets Avoid using it together. hematuria and unless otherwise
proteinuria. directed by
prescribe.
Drug-food. Any Provide appropriate  Warn patient not to
food. May reduce drug safety and comfort chew or crush drug
level. Advise patient to measures if CNS pellets because this
take drug 1 hour before effects occur to inactivates the drug.
food. prevent patient
Generic/Brand Name Dose Strength & Indication/ Adverse/Side Effects &
& Drug Classification Formulation Mechanism of Drug Drug Interaction Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching
Action

Generic Name: Dosage : Indications: Adverse/Side  Monitor  to have a baseline

Omeprazole Effects: vital signs. for patient’s data.  Tell the patient to
Capsules (delayed- Mechanisms of  Asthenia,  Lab tests:  Periodic liver swallow tablets
Brand Name: release): 10 mg, Drug Action : dizziness, Monitor function tests with whole and not to
Omepron 20mg, 40mg  Inhibits proton headache, urinalysis prolonged use. open, crush, chew
pump activity abdominal pain, for  Administer drug them.
Classification: Powder by binding to constipation, hematuria before meals to  Give patient
(for delayed-release hydrogen- diarrhea, and ensure that the instruction on
oral suspension): potassium flatulence, proteinuria. patient does not open, how to take oral
2.5 mg/packet, 10 adenosine nausea, vomiting,  Ensure chew, or crush suspension.
mg/packet triphosphate, acid proper capsules; they should be Instruct patients
located at the regurgitation, administrat swallowed whole to to take drug at
Suspension: secretory back pain , ion. ensure the therapeutic least 30 - 60
2mg/mL surface of weakness, cough,  Monitor effectiveness of the drug. minutes before
gastric parietal URI, rash patient  relief of GI meals.
Tablets (delayed- cells, to response to symptoms caused by
release): 20 mg suppress the drug. hyperacidity,  Teach patients to
gastric acid  Evaluate healing of erosive recognize and
Route: PO secretion. the GI lesions report signs and
effectivene  patient can name the symptoms of low
ss of the drug and dosage and magnesium
Duration : teaching describe adverse levels.
plan. effects to watch for,
< 3 days specific measures to
avoid them, and
measures to take to
Formulation: increase the
Capsules effectiveness of the
Powder drug.
Suspension
 Antagonist of H2- receptors (H2-blockers)

Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Adverse/Side

Name & Drug Formulation Mechanism of Effects & Drug Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Drug Action Interaction Responsibilities

Generic Dosage : Indications: Adverse/Side  Administer oral  Allergic reactions are  Instruct patient on proper
Name: Capsules : 150  Active Effects: drug with meals common. The immune use of OTC preparation, as
Ranitidine mg, 300 mg duodenal Headache, and at bedtime. response that causes an indicated.
Injection: 25 and gastric malaise, vertigo,  Decrease doses allergic reaction is similar  Remind patient to take a
Brand mg/mL ulcer blurred vision, in to the response that causes once-daily prescription drug
Name: Syrup: 15 g/mL  Maintenanc jaundice, renal and hay fever. Most reactions at bedtime for best results.
Tablets : 75 mg, e therapy anaphylaxis, liver failure happen soon after contact  Instruct patient to take
Zantac/Raxid 150 mg, 300 mg for angioedema, with an allergen. without regard meals
e duodenal burning and  Provide  Any medication can cause because absorption isn’t
Route: for gastric itching at injection concurrent side effects. As noted affected by food.
Classificatio ulcer. site antacid therapy earlier, patients should  Urge patient to avoid
n PO to relieve pain. understand what side smoking because this may
Mechanisms of Drug  Administer IM effects are commonly increase gastric acid
Duration : Drug Action : Interactions: dose undiluted, associated with their secretion and worsen
Competitively Drug-drug. deep into large medication disease.
13 hr inhibits action of Atazanavir, muscle group.  Advise patient to report all
histamine at H2- Delavirdine., Arrange for adverse reactions, especialy
receptor sites of Glipizide, Iron regular follow- abdominal pain, blood in
Formulation: parietal cells, salts, up, including stool or emsis, soffee-
CAapsules decreasing Ketoconazole, blood tests, to groiund emesis, or black
Injection gastric acid Methylphenidate, evaluate effects. tarry stools.
Syrup secretion. Midazolam,
Tablets triazolam,
Procainamide,
Warfarin
 Mucosal Protective Drugs

Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Adverse/Side

Name & Drug Formulation Mechanism of Effects & Drug Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Drug Action Interaction Responsibilities

Generic name: Dosage: Indication: Adverse/Side  Administer the  To ensure the  *Patient teaching,
Sucralfate 1 g PO b,i,d to Short -term Effects: drug on therapeutic including the drug name
q,i,d on empty treatment Sleeplessness an empty stomach 1 effectiveness and prescribed dosage;
Brand name: stomach and maintenance Dizziness hour before or 2 hours of the drug schedule for
Iselpin Formulation: treatment of active Vertigo after meals and at *And arrange to administration;
Drug It contains duodenal ulcer; Insomnia bedtime administer antacids importance of taking the
colloidal silicon treatment of oral Rash  Monitor the patient to drug on an empty
classification: dioxide and Constipation for relieve pain if needed stomach; use of antacids
Mucosal esophageal ulcers Diarrhea GI pain *Because sucralfate if ordered and the need
Protective due Nausea  Administer requires acid to be to separate doses by at
Drugs to radiation, Indigestion antacids or most least 2 hours; signs and
chemotherapy, or Dry Mouth antibiotics, if ordered, effective symptoms of possible
sclerotherapy. Back pain between doses of  To prevent adverse effects and
Mechanisms of sucralfate, not within 30 patient injury measures to minimize or
Drug Drug Interaction: minutes of a sucralfate  To alleviate dry prevent their occurrence;
Action: If aluminum salts dose mouth danger signs that need to
Forms an ulcer - are  Provide comfort  If GI effects are be reported to the
adherent complex combined with and uncomfortable healthcare provider
at sucralfate, there is a safety measures if CNS  To help the immediately;
the duodenal ulcer risk of high effects occur patient cope
site, aluminum  Provide frequent with the
protecting the ulcer levels and mouth care including
from acid, aluminum sugarless lozenges to
toxicity suck
 Ensure ready
access to
bathroom facilities
 Antiemetic Drugs

Generic/Brand Dose Strength Indication/ Adverse/Side Effects

Name & Drug & Mechanism of Drug & Drug Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Formulation Action Responsibilities

Generic Name: Dose Strength Indication: Adverse/Side Effects:  Provide an  Nausea and  Educate the patient
Palonosetron 0.05mg/mL For the prevention of emesis vomiting are to take prescribed
injectable acute and delayed  Blurred vision basin closely related. Keep medications as
Brand Name: Injection: 0.25 nausea and vomiting  Chest pain or within easy emesis basin out of ordered.
Aloxi mg related to the first and discomfort reach of the sight  Educate the patient
palonosetron in subsequent courses of  Confusion patient. but within the or caregiver about
Classificat 5 mL (0.05 a moderately  Difficult breathing patient’s appropriate fluid
ion: mg/mL) in a emetogenic cancer  Dizziness,  Assist reach if nausea has a and dietary options
5−HT3 single-dose chemotherapy, faintness, or patient psychogenic for nausea.
receptor vial  lightheadedness about oral component.  Educate the patient
antagonist or a pre-filled Mechanisms of Drug when getting hygiene.  This is about the
syringe. Action:  up from a lying or associated with importance of
Formulation: Palonosetron is a sitting  Maintain anorexia and changing positions
Palonosetron selective serotonin 5-  position suddenly fluid excessive slowly and calmly.
Hydrochloride HT3 receptor  Fainting balance in salivation.
Injection antagonist.  Fever patients at risk..  Sufficient
contains  Irregular hydration
heartbeats that before surgery or
 continue chemotherapy has
 Sweating been
 Unusual tiredness shown to reduce the
or risk of nausea in
weakness these
Drug Interaction: situations.
Apomorphine
Generic/Brand Dose Strength Indication/ Mechanism Adverse/Side Effects
Name & Drug & Formulation of Drug Action & Drug Interaction Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching
Classification

Generic Name: Neurokinne Indications: Adverse/Side  Baseline Assessment: It I important that we  Report headache,
Ondansetron −1 NK1− ,  Prevention/treatm Effects: Assess degree of assess client’s onset of black, tarry
SP1− ent of  Hypertension, nausea, vomiting. baseline to develop stools,
Brand Name: receptor nausea/vomiting acute renal  Assess for dehydration and guide a plan of diarrhea,abdominal
antagoni due to cancer failure, GI if excessive vomiting care for the patient pain.
Onset/Zofran s chemotheraphy bleeding, occurs (poor skin incorporating  Avoid alcohol
(including respiratory turgor, dry mucous evidence−based  Swallow capsules
Classificatio high−dose depression, membranes, practice concepts whole, do not
n: cisplatin). coma, longitudinal furrows in chew,crush,
Neurokinne− Prevention and extrapyramid tongue). dissolve, or divide.
1 NK1− , treatment of post al effects  Provide  Take before eating.
SP1− op nausea, occur rarely. conditional  Avoid task that
receptor vomiting. support. requires alertness ,
antagonis  Prevention of Drug Interaction: motor skills,until
radiation−induced  DRUG:  Intervention/Evaluation response to drug is
nausea, vomiting. Apomorphine Monitor EKG in establish (may cause
OFF LABEL: may cause patients with electrolyte ( drowsiness and
 Breakthrough profound abnormalities dizziness).
treatment of hypotension, (e.g.hypokalemia.
nausea and altered LOC hypomagnesemia, HF
vomiting  HERBAL: St. bradyarrythmias,concur
associated with John’s worth re nt use of other
chemotheraphy, may decrease medications that may
hyperemis concentration cause QT prolongation.
gravidarum.  FOOD: None  Provide supportive
know. measuures.
Mechanism of Action:  LAB  Asssess mentall status
Blocks serotonin , both VALUES:  Assess bowel sounds,
peripherally on vagal May for peristalsis. Monitor
nerve terminals and transiently daily pattern of of
centrally in increase serum bowel activty, stool
chemorecepto trigger bilirubin, consistency,
zone. ALT,ATS.  Record time of
evacuation.
 Neurokine-1 (NK1-SP1) Receptor Antagonists

Generic/Brand Dose Strength Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side Effects &

Name & Drug & Formulation Drug Action Drug Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Responsibilities

Generic Route: Indication: Adverse/Side Effects:  Ask your  Tell your doctor  Keep all
Name: Intravenous Fosaprepitant is Nervous: Asthenia, pharmacist for and appointments with
Fosaprepitant Adult: In indicated in adult and fatigue, a list of the pharmacist if you are your doctor.
combination pediatric patients ≥6 malaise, dizziness, ingredients. allergic to
Brand Name: therapy w/ a months of age, in somnolence, peripheral fosaprepitant,  Do not let anyone
Prodrug corticosteroid combination with neuropathy, headache,  Tell your doctor aprepitant, any other else use your
(e.g. other antiemetic weakness, anxiety. if you medications, or any of medication. Ask
Classification: dexamethasone agents, for the are taking pimozide the ingredients in your pharmacist any
Antiemetic ) prevention of acute CV: Palpitations, hot (Orap) aprepitant injection or questions you have
agents and 5-HT3 and delayed nausea flush. fosaprepitant injection. about refilling your
antagonist: 150 and vomiting GI: Nausea, anorexia,  Your doctor will prescription.
mg given via constipation, diarrhoea, probably tell you not to
IV Mechanisms of Drug abdominal pain, use aprepitant or
infusion over Action: GERD, dry fosaprepitant injection
20-30 min action mouth, flatulence, if you are taking this
approx 30 min Aprepitant has been eructation, medication.
prior to shown in animal dyspepsia.
chemotherapy models to inhibit Resp: Hiccups.
on day 1 of emesis induced by Hepatic: Increased
cycle only. cytotoxic ALT/AST,
chemotherapeutic alkaline phosphatase.
agents, such as Genitourinary: UTI,
cisplatin, via central dysuria.
actions. Animal and Haematologic:
human Positron Neutropenia,
Emission Tomography anaemia, leucopenia.
(PET) studies with Drug Interaction:
benzodiazepines
 D2-Receptor Antagonists (Prokinetics)

Generic/Bran Dose Strength Indication/ Adverse/Side Effects & Drug Interaction

d Name & & Mechanism of Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Drug Formulation Drug Action Responsibilities
Classification

Generic Route: Indication: Adverse/Side Effects:  Assess for  To make  Instruct patient
Name: Oral For management of Significant: Increased nausea, further to
Domperidone Adult: As dyspepsia, prolactin levels (dose- vomiting, examination. take as directed.
short- heartburn, dependent). Very rarely, QT abdominal Advise patient to
Brand Name: term treatment: epigastric pain, prolongation. distention, and avoid grapefruit
Motilium ≥35 kg: 10 mg nausea, Eye disorders: Oculogyric bowel juice during
up to tid. Max: and vomiting. crisis. sounds before and therapy.
Classification 30 mg daily. Gastrointestinal disorders: after  Advise patient to
Antimetics Max treatment Mechanisms of Dry mouth, diarrhoea. administration. notify health care
Drugs: duration: 1 Drug General disorders and  Monitor BP professional if
week. Use the Action: action administration site conditions: (sitting, galactorrhea
lowest Domperidone acts Asthenia. standing, lying  Advise female
effective as a Immune system disorders: down) and patient to notify
dose for the gastrointestinal Very rarely, anaphylactic pulse before and health care
shortest emptying (delayed) reaction (including periodically professional if
possible adjunct and anaphylactic shock). during pregnancy is
duration peristaltic therapy.. planned or
needed stimulant. Investigations: Very rarely,  Monitor for suspected or if
to control the abnormal LFT. symptoms breast feeding.
symptoms. related to
Child: ≥12 Nervous system disorders: hyperprolactinemi
years Headache, somnolence. Very rarely, convulsion, a
weighing ≥35 extrapyramidal disorder. (menstrual
kg: Same as abnormalities,
adult dose. Psychiatric disorders: galactorrhea,
Anxiety, loss of libido. Very sexual
rarely, agitation, nervousness. dysfunction).

Renal and urinary disorders:

Very rarely, urinary retention.
 Reproductive system and
breast disorders: Breast pain
and tenderness, galactorrhoea.
Rarely, amenorrhoea,
gynaecomastia.

Skin and subcutaneous tissue

disorders: Rash, pruritus. Very
rarely, angioedema, urticaria.

Drug Interaction:Decreased
bioavailability with antacids or
antisecretory agents; avoid
concurrent use. Anticholinergic
agents (e.g. dextromethorphan,
diphenhydramine) may
antagonise the anti-dyspeptic
effect of domperidone.
 Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Adverse/Side Effects &
Name & Drug Formulation Mechanism of Drug Drug Interaction Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Action

Generic Name:
Metoclopramide Dosage: Indication: Adverse/Side Effects: Before:  To prevent  Take this drug
10 mg Management of CNS: Mild sedation,  Assess for any hypersensitivity exactly as
Brand Name: diabetic gastric stasis fatigue, restlessness, contraindication or any reactions. prescribed
Route: (gastroparesis); to agitation, headache, history of allergy to these  To establish a  Do not use alcohol
Clomitene/Clozil IVTT prevent nausea and insomnia, disorientation, drugs. baseline sleep remedies or
Frequency: vomiting associated extrapyramidal  Perform a physical data before beginning sedatives serious
Classification: Prior to OR with emetogenic symptoms (acute examination the therapy and during sedation could
Gastro cancer chemotherapy dystonic type),  Assess the therapy. occur
intestinal (e.g., cisplatin, neurologic cardiopulmonary  To monitor for  You may
Agent, GI dacarbazine); to malignant syndrome status possible cardiovascular experience these
stimulant facilitate intubation with injection. During: adverse effects side effects:
of GI: Nausea, constipation,  *Administer at least  To ensure Drowsiness and
small bowel; diarrhea,dry mouth, altered 15 therapeutic dizziness ( do not
symptomatic drug absorption. minutes before each meal effects. drive or perform
treatment Skin: Urticarial or and at bedtime  To detect changes other task that
of gastroesophageal maculopapular rash. *Monitor blood pressure in require alertness):
Reflux carefully blood pressure restlessness, anxiety
Body as a Whole: Glossal  Provide thorough indicating the need to , depression,
Mechanisms of or patient consult with the headache,insomnia(
Drug periorbital edema. teaching regarding the prescriber reversible) ; nausea,
Action: Hematologic: Methemo drug regimen.  To enhance patient diarrhea
Potent central globinemia. knowledge about drug  Report involuntary
dopamine receptor Endocrine:Galactorrhea, movement of the
antagonist. gynecomastia, amenorrhea, face, eyes, or limbs,
impotence.
CV: Hypertensive crisis
(rare).

Drug Interaction:
Metoclopramide is
contraindicated in patients
with the following: Known
hypersensitivity to
 H1-Blockers

Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side Effects

Name & Drug Formulation Drug Action & Drug Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Responsibilities

Generic Name: adults and Benadryl® Allergy Adverse  Monitor  Advise patient to  Do not use alcohol and
Diphenhydramin children 12 (diphenhydramine) Uses Reactions/Side Effects respiratory avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
e years of age and temporarily relieves these function at foods that may because of the possible
Brand Name: over •25 mg to symptoms due to hay fever or CNS: drowsiness, rest and increase GI irritation additive CNS depressant
Benadryl 50 mg (1 to 2 other upper respiratory dizziness, headache, during and diarrhea. effects with concurrent
capsules). allergies: paradoxical excitation exercise.  Instruct patient to use.
Classification: children 6 to •runny nose (increased in children).  Notify report other  Do not drive or engage
Therapeutic: under 12 years •sneezing EENT: blurred vision, physician if bothersome side in other potentially
allergy, cold, and of age •itchy, tinnitus. CV: patient effects such as severe hazardous activities
cough remedies, •12.5 mg to 25 •watery eyes hypotension, experiences or prolonged urinary until the response to
antihistamines, mg (1 capsule). •itching of the nose or •throat palpitations. GI: any retention, skin drug is known.
antitussives children temporarily relieves these anorexia, dry mouth, troublesome redness/warmth, or  Increase fluid intake, if
under 6 years symptoms due to the common constipation, nausea. wheezing, GI problems not contraindicated;
cold: GU: dysuria, tightness in (constipation, nausea, drug has an atropine-
of age consult runny nose frequency, urinary the throat or vomiting, heartburn, like drying effect
a doctor sneezing retention. Derm: chest, or dry mouth). (thickens bronchial
•Indications photosensitivity. Resp: abnormal secretions) that may
chest tightness, bronchial make expectoration
Relief of allergic symptoms thickened bronchial secretions. difficult.
caused by histamine release, secretions, wheezing.  Do not breast feed while
including Anaphylaxis, Local: pain at IM site taking this drug.
Seasonal and perennial allergic
rhinitis, Allergic dermatoses.
Parkinson's disease, and
dystonic reactions from
medications. Mild nighttime
sedation. Prevention of motion
sickness. Antitussive (syrup
only).
Generic/Bran Dose Strength Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side Effects
d Name & & Drug Action & Drug Interaction Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching
Drug Formulation
Classification

Generic
Name: Adult Dosage Indication: Adverse/Side Effects: 1. Assess for possible  This is to 1. Change positions
Promethazine Forms and Promethazine is used to Sedation Confusion, contraindications and prevent slowly. If you feel
Strengths prevent Disorientation cautions (e.g., history of potential drowsy, avoid
Brand Name: Tablet and treat nausea and vomiting Blurred vision allergy to the drug, cough adverse effects. driving or
12.5 mg related to certain conditions Hallucinations for dangerous
Promezin 25 mg (such Muscle spasms more than 1 week, and  To establish activities for at
50 mg as motion sickness, or Catatonic states pregnancy and lactation). baseline data and least
Classification Suppository before/after surgery). Euphoria 2. Perform a physical evaluate for 24 hours after the
: Antiemetic 12.5 mg It is also used to treat allergy Excitation examination and monitor possible last dose of this
drug (H1- 25 mg symptoms such as rash, Extrapyramidal vital signs. underlying drug
blockers 50 mg itching, symptoms infection. (such as the use of
Injectable and runny nose. (tremors, jerky 3. Provide thorough client heavy machinery or
solution movements, muscle teaching, including the  To enhance tasks requiring
25 mg/mL Mechanisms of Drug Action: rigidity) drug client coordination).
50 mg/5mL Promethazine is a an Fast or slow heart name and prescribed knowledge about 2. Dehydration:
Syrup antagonist rate dosage, drug Avoid
6.25 of histamine H1, post-synaptic Photosensitivity measures, and warning therapy and excessive heat
mg/mL mesolimbic dopamine, alpha Obstructive signs promote exposure, and try to
adrenergic, muscarinic, and jaundice that may indicate compliance. drink fluids as
NMDA receptors. The Dry mouth problems. much
antihistamine action is used to Skin swelling 4. Monitor and report  Symptoms as possible,
treat allergic reactions. Hives signs of neuroleptic typically because
Antagonism of muscarinic and Angioneurotic malignant occur within 4–14 you will have an
NMDA receptors contribute to edema syndrome, including days increased risk for
its use as a sleep aid, as well as Impotence hyperthermia, after initiation of heat
for anxiety and tension. Urinary retention diaphoresis, drug stroke.
Antagonism of histamine H1, generalized muscle therapy, but can 3. Report any of the
muscarinic, and dopamine Drug Interaction: rigidity, occur at following
receptors in the medullary astemizole altered mental status, any time during conditions
vomiting center make cisapride tachycardia, changes in drug to your health care
promethazine useful in the disopyramide blood use. provider:
treatment of nausea and ibutilide pressure (BP), and
vomiting. indapamide incontinence.
metrizamide
 Laxative and Purgative Drugs

Generic/Bran Dose Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side Effects &

d Name & Strength & Drug Action Drug Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Drug Formulation Responsibilities
Classification


Generic  1-8 Indication: Adverse/Side Effects:  Assess for  This is to  Monitor
Name: Senna tablets per Short-term treatment of  Dizziness possible prevent patient
day at constipation; treatment of  Headache contraindications and potential adverse response to the
Brand Name: bedti encopresis; found in many  Weakness cautions (e.g., history effects. drug
Senokot me or 10-25 over-  Sweating of allergy to the drug, (relief of GI
 mL the-counter (OTC)  Palpitations cough for more than 1  To establish symptoms, absence
Classification: of syrup preparations.  Flushing week, and pregnancy baseline of straining,
Laxative and  Fainting and lactation). data and evaluate evacuation of GI
Purgative Mechanisms of Drug Frequent laxative  Perform a for tract).

Drugs Action: abuse physical possible underlying  Monitor for
Sennosides A and B are may result to cathartic examination infection. adverse effects
metabolised to sennidins A Dependence and monitor vital signs. (dizziness,
and  Provide thorough  To enhance confusion, GI
B by gut bacteria6. Sennidins Drug Interaction: client teaching, client alterations,
A and B are further Because laxatives increase including the drug knowledge about sweating,
metabolized to rheinanthrone the name and prescribed drug electrolyte
Rheinanthrone by gut bacteria motility of the GI tract dosage, measures, and therapy and imbalance,
using beta- glucosidase2. and some warning signs that may promote cathartic
Rheinanthrone is absorbed into interfere with the timing indicate problems. compliance. dependence).
systemic circulation where or  Administer a  Monitor the
2.6% is metabolized to rhein process of absorption, it is laxative  To prevent the effectiveness of
Rhein and sennidins A and B advisable not to take only as a temporary development of comfort measures
via oxidation 4,7,2. laxatives measure. cathartic and compliance
Rheinanthrone is the major with other prescribed  Arrange for dependence. with
active metabolite of medica- appropriate dietary  To encourage the regimen.
sennosides tions. The administration measures, the return  Evaluate the
A and B which produces of exercise, and of normal bowel effectiveness of the
thelaxative effect of the laxatives and other environmental function. teaching plan
medication2. Rhein is also an medications controls. (patient can
active metabolite known to should be separated by at  Monitor bowel  To evaluate name the drug
have many protective effects. least function. drug and dosage,
30 minutes. effectiveness. describe
Generic/Bran Dose Strength Indication/ Adverse/Side Effects
d Name & & Mechanism of Drug & Drug Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Drug Formulation Action Responsibilities
Classification

Generic Tablets: Indication: Adverse/Side  Add high-fiber  To avoid gas and  Add high-fiber foods
Name: Adult: 5-15 mg Temporary relief of Effects: foods diarrhea slowly to regular diet
Bisacodyl orally acute constipation and *Abdominal slowly to regular diet.  Chronic use may to avoid gas and
once daily; if for evacuation of colon cramping  Instruct patient cause diarrhea.
Brand Name: complete before surgery, * Electrolyte and to take laxative dependence.  Educate client about
Dulcolax evacuation proctoscopic, fluid medication only as adequate fluid intake
required, 30 sigmoidoscopic, and imbalance prescribed and no  Chewing a which includes at
Classification: mg orally once radiologic *Excessive diarrhea longer Dulcolax least 6–8 glasses/d.
Stimulant daily examinations. Also *Nausea than the prescribed tablet could cause  Instruct patient not
Laxative Children over used to cleanse colon * Rectal burning date. uncomfortable gastric to breast feed while
12 years: before delivery and to *Spinning sensation  Monitor patients spasms taking this drug
5-15 mg orally relieve constipation in ( vertigo ) receiving  This can destroy without consulting
at patients with spinal *Stomach/abdomina concomitant the physician.
bedtime cord damage. l pain anticoagulants. coating on the tablet  Instruct patient not
*Vomiting Indiscriminate use of which may increase to chew the tablet but
Mechanisms of Drug *Weakness laxatives results in the to swallow whole
Action: decreased absorption risk of stomach upset instead.
It works by increasing Drug Interaction: of and
the movement of the *ANTACIDS will vitamin K. nausea
intestines, helping the cause  Advise patient
stool to come out. early dissolution of not to take
enteric the drug within 1
coated tablets, hour of
resulting in antacids, milk, or
abdominal milk
cramping. products
 Antidiarrheal Agents

Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side Effects

Name & Drug Formulation Drug Action & Drug Interaction Nursing Responsibilities Rationale Client Teaching
Classification

Generic 5mg Indications: Adverse/Side  Monitor circulatory  To help  Explain assessment

Name: oxycodone Moderate to Effects: and respiratory status patient better and
Loperamide hydrochloride/ moderately severe Paresthesia, closely, especially in the  monitoring process
325 mg pain (immediate- Dizziness within the 24 to 72 situation to patient and
Brand Name: acetaminophen release) Fatigue, Headache, hours of initiating  To keep family.
per 5mL Insomnia, therapy. patient not to  Instruct them to
Imodium/Diata (5 mL, 500 Acute pain Hypotension, Dry  Keep opioid antagonist overdose or immediately report
bs mL) (extended- release) mouth, (naloxone) and not to difficulty in breathing
Percocet, Constipation, resuscitation missed drugs or other sign and
Primlev, Mechanisms of Drug Nausea, Vomiting, equipment available.  To ensure symptoms of a
Roxicet Route: Action : Diarrhea, Dysuria,  The lowest effective patient is not potential adverse
PO  Oxycodone binds with Neutropenia, Cough, dosage should be at risk of opioid-related
(acetaminophe opioid receptors in the Apnea, Pruritus, prescribed for the drugs relations.
Classification: n) CNS, altering Erythema, shortest period of time.  In order for  Inform patient with
Opioid PO perception of and Anaphylactoid  Monitor patients for the patient severe hepatic or renal
analgesics (oxycodone) emotional response to reaction orthostatic aware or disease that serial
pain. hypotension inform so blood test will be
 Acetaminophen is  Monitor patients that he/she needed.
Duration : thought to produce Drug Interactions: with head injury can tolerate  Advise patient not
4-6 hour analgesia by inhibiting Drug-drugs: carefully. the side to drive a car or
3-6 hour prostaglandin and Anticholinergics  Monitor patients effects prior operate heavy
other substances that CYP3A4 inducers with acute in taking the machinery while
sanitize pain receptors. CYP3A4 inhibitors abdominal medication taking this drug.
Formulation: The combination Desmopressin conditions  Warn patient to
Oral solution reduces pain more General anesthetics closely. avoid alcohol and
Tablets effectively than Oral contraceptives  Observe for other CNS
acetaminophen alone. Probenecid seizures in depressants.
patients with
convulsive
disorders
 Antispasmodic

Generic/Bran Dose Strength & Indication/ Mechanism of Adverse/Side Effects & Drug
d Name & Formulation Drug Action Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Drug Responsibilities
Classification

Generic
Name: Dosage : Indications: Adverse/Side Effects: Before therapy, Because  Tell patient to
Hyoscine-N- Capsules:200 mg  RA, osteoarthritis, Dizziness, correct ibuprofen causes report adverse
Butylbromid Injection:800 mg/8mL arthritis headache,nervousness,edema,flu hypokalemia nephrotoxic side reactions
e (100 mg/mL) in single  Mild to moderate id retention,tinnitus,abdominal and effects promptly.
dose vials pain; moderate to pain, bloating, constipation, hypomagnesemi  Instruct patient
Brand Name: Oral drops: 40mg/mL, severe pain as an decreased appetite, diarrhea, a to reduce risk to alert nurse to
50 mg/1.25 adjunct to opioid dyspepsia,epigastric distress, of proar- discomfort at
Buscopan or Oral suspension: 40 analgesics; fever flatulence, heartburn, rhythmia injection site.
ADVIL mg/mL, 100 mg/5 mL reduction in nausea,vomiting.
Tablets: 100 mg, 200 children.
Classificatio mg, 400 mg, 600 mg,  Mild to moderate
n: 800 mg. pain, fever. Drug Interactions:
NSAIDs Tablets (chewable) 50 anticoagulants(warfarin) May
mg, 100 mg Mechanisms of Drug increase serious GI bleeding.
Injection: EQ 20 g Action : Use with extreme caution if
base/2 mL (EQ 10 mg  May inhibit concomitant use can’t be
base/mL) prostaglandin avoided. Monitor patient
Route: PO, synthesis to closely, antihypertensive,
IVDuration : produce anti- furosemide, thiazide diuretics.
inflammatory, May decrease the effectiveness
PO: 4-6 hours analgesic, and of diuretics or antihypertensive.
Formulation: antipyretic effects. Monitor patient closely.
Tablet, injection, oral
suspension
 Hepatoprotectors

Generic/Brand Dose Strength Indication/ Mechanism Adverse/Side Effects & Drug

Name & Drug & Formulation of Drug Action Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Responsibilities

Generic Dosage : Indications: Adverse/Side Effects:  Assess patient  To ensure that we are  Take mefenamic
Name: used for the short-term shortness of breath, swelling s pain before giving the right acid only as
Phospholipids 250mg - 500 treatment of mild to or rapid weight gain, Nausea, therapy dosage of the drug. directed by the
mg moderate pain from diarrhea, flu-like symptoms,  Monitor for  To make sure the physician
Brand various conditions. It skin rash, signs of stomach possible drug patient is safe during  Do not take
Name: is also used to bleeding--bloody or tarry induced the administration of more of it, or do
decrease pain and stools, stomach pain adverse the drug and the not take it more
Essent Route: blood loss from jaundice, little or no reactions. patient is not allergic often
iale menstrual periods urination, low red blood cells  Advice pt. Not to it or its components  Warn the patient
Forte PO (anemia)pale skin, unusual to take drug  To avoid toxicity and not to take
tiredness, feeling light- for more than serious side effects. alcohol while
Classificatio Duration : Mechanisms of Drug headed or short of breath, 7days.  This will help in re- taking
n: Action : cold hands and feet.  Advice pt. To assessing the patient’s mefenamic acid
6 hours inhibits both report response to the drug.  Instruct patients
cyclooxygenase immediate to take drugs
(COX) isoenzymes, Drug Interactions: persistence or with food if
Formulation: COX-1 and COX-2, Drug-drug. ACE-inhibitors , failure to stomach upset
by blocking Aspirin , Diuretics, Lithium , relieve pain. occurs.
Capsule arachidonate binding Methotrexate , Warfarin,
resulting in analgesic, Antacids
antipyretic, and anti-
inflammatory
pharmacologic effects.
Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Adverse/Side Effects & Drug
Name & Drug Formulation Mechanism of Drug Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Action Responsibilities

Generic
Name: Dosage : Indications: Adverse/Side Effects:  Although drug  Caution  Tell patients to report
Silymarin 50 mg  To relieve headache, may be used patient to history of allergic reactions
100mg signs and dizziness,insomnia,periphera with low avoid use to sulfonamides, aspirin, or
Brand Name: 200mg symptoms of l aspirin of more other NSAIDs before
Hipavit 400mg osteoarthritis edema,pharyngitis,rhinitis,si dosages, the than one therapy.
 To relieve sign nusitis,abdominal combination NSAID at a  Tell female patients to
Classification: and symptoms pain,diarrhea,dyspepsia,flatu may increase time notify prescriber if she
Route: of RA lence, GI reflux nausea risk of GI increases becomes pregnant or is
PO  To relieve sign bleeding. risk of GI planning to become
and symptoms toxicity. pregnant during drug
Duration : of anky-losing Drug Interactions:  Watch for  To ensure therapy.
spondylitis signs and that the  Instruct patients to take
b.i.d  To relieve sign ACE inhibitors, ARB: May symptoms of patient is in drug with food if stomach
and symptoms decrease antihypertensive overt and good upset occurs.
of juvenile RA effect. Monitor BP. Antacids occult condition  Inform patients that it may
Formulation: Acute pain containing aluminum or bleeding and take several days before
Capsules and primary magnesium. May decrease rash consistent pain relief
dysmenorrh celecoxib level separate occurs.
ea dose.

Mechanisms of Drug
Action :
Thought to inhibit
prostaglandin synthesis,
impeding cyclooxygenase
 Probiotics

Generic/Brand Dose Strength & Indication/ Adverse/Side Effects & Drug

Name & Drug Formulation Mechanism of Drug Interaction Nursing Rationale Client Teaching
Classification Action Responsibilities

Generic Dosage : Indications: Adverse/Side Effects:  Tell patient  So that the

Name: Bacillus Short-term Asthenia/fatigue, that dizziness patient or the Instruct the patient
120 mg treatment of dizziness, lower or SO will not be to report if he/she
Brand Name: moderate pain extremity edema, lightheadedne shocked once notice any signs of
Erceflora Route: HPN, dyspepsia, ss is the most the patient feels allergic reaction
PO Mechanisms of heartburn, nausea, common side it after taking such as wheezing,
Classification: Drug Action : headache, effect. the drug. swelling of the face,
Duration : Selectively inhibits ALT/AST elevation  Assess the  To ensure the lips, mouth, tongue
cyclo-oxygenase-2- client for any safety of the or throat which may
24 hrs COX-2 which is an history of patient. cause difficulty in
isoform of the Drug Interactions: allergic swallowing or
enzyme that has been Drug-drug: anticoagulant (warfarin reaction to breathing
Formulation: postulated to be and aspirin), antibiotic (rifampicin), the drug.
Tablet primarily responsible immunosuppressant (methotrexate),
for the synthesis of antihypertensives (enalapril,
mediators of pain, ramipril, losartan, valsartan, and
inflammation, and minoxidil), diuretics, antiarrhythmic
fever. drug (digoxin), antiasthmatic drug
(salbutamol) and oral contraceptives.

Drug-disease interactions: should be

used with caution in patients with
stomach ulcers or bleeding, severe
kidney disease, liver diseases, colitis
(inflammation of the large intestine),
uncontrolled blood pressure, heart
failure, stroke, and other heart
problems.