UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERAK (KAMPUS SERI ISKANDAR)

FACULTY:

ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEY

COURSE CODE;

BSR 150 - BUIDING CONSTRUCTION II

TOPIC:

SUPER STRUCTURE - POST & BEAM

PREPARED BY:

NAME NO. STUDENT

MUHAMMAD FARIS IQBAL BIN RIDUAN 2020875202

AMIR HAKIM BIN SHAHRIN 2020809006

NOR ZAWANI BINTI CHE BAHAMAN 2020846292

HAZIQAH BINTI JALAL 2020871086

NUR IZZATI BINTI MOHAMAD FAUZI 2020490318

PROVIDED FOR:

PUAN SITI ZUBAIDAH BINTI HASHIM

1
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT PAGE

Acknowledgement 3

Introduction 4

What is Super-Structure 5-7

Literature View of Post and Beam 8-10

Construction work 11-14

Conclusion 15

References 16

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We have done our best to finish the work report for this course, despite the fact that it is
not up to pace with the reports of other students. Despite the numerous difficulties we have
encountered, we are continuing our efforts to complete this report. Thanks are also offered
to our team members who worked together to successfully finish this provided project.

In addition, we are also very grateful because even in the situation of online learning but
we are also able to produce quality work as produced by students from the previous
semester. This shows that we are also able to be the best students and even better than the
students from the previous semester despite the many obstacles we faced.

Lastly, we would like thanked Madam Siti Zubaidah Binti Hashim for having taught us a lot
as well as guiding us in the subject of BSR 150 (Building Construction II). Madam Siti
Zubaidah Binti Hashim also gave us a lot of guidance if we had something we did not
understand in the subject and always encouraged us to always be enthusiastic in completing
the assignments that have been given. Alhamdulillah’s, we finally managed to complete this
assignment even though it was not very good but we have tried our best to produce the best
we can do.

3
INTRODUCTION

Every building in this world has a very unique and compact design. For support the design
and load of the building, super structure plays a main role to ensure the building is safe for
every people and any event that will be held. For this assignment, we member of group 5
(AP1192E) will study about a building that very popular among Malaysians’ people which is
Masjid Tuanku Zainal Abidin or we called as Iron Mosque that located at Presint 3, Wilayah
Persekutuan Putrajaya. We need to review each element in the mosque and also the
objective of this assignment, beam and post. We also need to explain the location of post
and beam that available at the Iron Mosque. Also, we chose the building is because of its
unique construction structure.

The mosque also has an interesting architectural method because its design symbolizes
the identity of Islam. Among the examples is that there is a dome that is the roof of a
mosque and there are moons and stars at the top of the dome which is symbolic of Islam. A
mosque's dome is also one of its distinguishing features. The dome grew to be as wide as
the area of prayer below it over time. Mosques in Indian and Pakistani areas have onion-
shaped domes, despite the fact that most domes are semi-circular. The general shape of a
mosque is the existence of a mosque tower. The towers in the mosque are normally tall and
situated at the corners of the mosque complex.

Then. the "Iron Mosque" also is equipped with a district cooling system, as well as fans or
air conditioning. The mosque is made of "architectural wire mesh," which is also used in the
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid and the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.
The main entrance is reinforced with glass reinforced concrete to boost structural integrity,
and fine glass is used to give the impression of a white mosque from afar. Last but not least,
we will discuss about the construction process from early until the final step for beam and
post.

4
WHAT IS SUPER STRUCTURE

Superstructure is an extension of structure above a baseline.

The superstructure is the section of a structure that is built above ground level and performs
the structure's intended purpose. Superstructure also includes columns, beams and doors.

There are differences between superstructure and substructure

SUPERSTRUCTURE
Structure built above ground level
It fulfils the building's intended purpose
Walls, columns, beams, doors, and
windows are examples of superstructure
elements
SUBSTRUCTURE
Structure built under ground level
It transfers loads from the superstructure to
the supporting soil
The foundation and plinth are substructure
elements

5
PARTS OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

People will spend the majority of their time in a building's superstructure

1.The Floor

The superstructure's floors are what separate a building's many levels. Of course, it's also
where you stroll around, set up furniture, and stores a variety of stuff.

2.The Roof

Every building needs a roof because it protects the floors and the rest of the superstructure
from the elements. When it comes to roofing alternatives, there is no such thing as a one-
size-fits-all solution, so we can choose from a variety of roof types based on where you are
building. Flat roofs are common in the plains, whereas slanted roofs are preferable near
mountains or in areas where there is a lot of snow.

3.The Lintel

The lintel is the section above any doors and windows that supports the wall above larger
apertures. The most common material for a lintel beam is reinforced cement concrete,
however it can also be composed from concrete and bricks.

6
4.The Beams

Beams are horizontal structural elements that can sustain any vertical load. All of the weight
from those vertical loads is supported at the beam endpoints before being transferred to the
columns or beam supports.

5.The Columns

Vertical constructions that can support a lot of weight are known as columns. Any columns
that aren't properly installed will collapse when more weight is placed on top of them.
Naturally, all of the weight is transferred from the columns to the foundation.

6.The Walls

We must big open spaces within a structure or a residence if there were no barriers. Walls
are always built to surround specific portions of buildings since none of us wants our
bedroom next to the kitchen. The majority of walls are composed of concrete or masonry,
and they support the roof, slabs, and even beams.

7
POST AND BEAM

LITERATURE REVIEW

BEAM

Beams are often used in structures as main support trusses, ensuring structural integrity.
Because of the beam's power, it can be built with less support structures, allowing for more
aesthetically appealing, open spaces inside the structure. Beams are made up of a web,
which is a long vertical piece of metal, and flanges, which are shorter horizontal pieces of
metal. These components work well together. These pieces fit together to create a beam
whose cross section looks like the letter L.

The advantages are the beam excels at bearing shear and bending forces two in the plan
of the web because its flanges resist shear forces while its flanges resist bending moments
and also less prone to bending and warping.The installation process of the beam to column
connections are the steel beams are installed into the column and balanced and the steel
beam is then bolted to the column using a bracket metal plate.

Beams are horizontal structural components that bear loads parallel to their longitudinal
axis. Consider a gymnastics balance beam. It's a 15-foot-long rectangular object that's
supported on both ends. When an individual walks on the beam near the centre, their weight
acts as a vertical downward force acting perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal direction.

Beams are used to support the weight of a building's floors, ceilings, and roofs while also
transferring the load to a vertical load bearing feature. To support the total weight of stacked
walls or other beams and pass the load to the supports, larger and heavier beams known as
transfer beams are often used.

8
 Beam architecture or sizing necessitates an understanding of fundamental physics
concepts as well as engineering statics. A structural engineer is qualified and prepared to
examine the loads acting on a beam, measure the forces and stresses acting on it, and
choose the appropriate material, scale, and form. Structural design of beams in new
buildings is one of the architecture consulting services offered to the clients. Structural
design of beams in the new buildings, as well as renovation or strengthening of existing
beams in a structure, are part of the engineering consulting services provided to all clients.

POST

A post, like a column or pillar, is a key vertical or leaning support in a structure. The word
post usually refers to wood, but it may also refer to metal or stone. A stud in a wooden or
metal building is similar to a post but is less heavy-duty, and a strut may be similar to a stud
or serve as a brace. In the United Kingdom, a strut is identical to a post but does not hold a
beam. Posts usually land on a sill in wood construction, but in a few rare cases, the post can
continue through to the foundation (an interrupted sill) or into the ground (earth fast, post in
ground, or posthole construction). A post is also an essential part of a fence. Except in the
specific field of framing, the words "jack" and "cripple" are used to describe shortened studs
and rafters, but not posts.

9
 Due to the lack of load-bearing walls, post and beam frameworks can be erected
reasonably quickly, in addition to their solid craftsmanship. Since there are less restrictions
on structural specifications, post and beam architecture allows for easily flexible floor plans,
allowing for the addition of windows, doors, and horse stalls almost anywhere the owner
desires. Because of high material costs and a general lack of understanding among
contractors, this method of construction is relatively uncommon.

Both post and beam and timber framing honour the rustic look of exposed wood, making it
a prominent feature of the building's visual profile. Wide timbers are used in post and beam
building, resulting in less support beams and more open interior spaces. Natural elements
such as exposed beams and wood interiors give the space a warm and airy feel. The
building's exposed beams and wooden interiors give it a warm, airy, natural elegance.

10
CONSTRUCTION WORK

The architect of Masjid Tuanku Zainal Abidin is Dato’ Seri Ar. Nik Mohamed Mahmood
from Kumpulan Senireka.

Construction phase of the mosque showing the steel skeletal structure.

From this view, Iron mosque was built from steel.

11
Iron Mosque was built out of 6000 tonnes of reinforced stainless steel which makes up to
about 70% of its structure. This construction took about just five years, thanks to
Industrialised Building System (IBS).

The steel columns are encased with tile cladding and

aluminium clad. Vault steel roof trusses are used for roof
structure to hold the steel roof and the dome.

Iron Mosque using the driven method of spun piles for the foundation with various of size.
For the dome area, there have two large pile cap with 36 group of pile need to construct. The
entire mosque covering more than 73,000 square meters

12
But during the construction, the engineer facing a problem. The problem is when they using
hydraulic hammer to driven spun piles will cause vibration impact to the nearest building. To
avoid that, they use injection piles (Jack in Piling System).

This is the architect design and the roof plan

13
Iron Mosque was fully completed on August 2009 after 5 years which is April 2004. It was
officially opened by Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin on 11 June 2010. The main objective of this
mosque is for 24,000 residents including the government servants as well as areas within
Precincts 2, 3, 4 and 18.

14
CONCLUSION

As conclusion, beam and post are very important and give a big impact towards the
building. No matter how small the building is and how huge the building is. Both give the
same function which is to support the load that the building take. If post and beam were
applied to a building, many advantages that user will get. First, if the user prefers open
spaces in the building or house, the beam support will give the user to have fewer walls. The
user will experience wider view of the surrounding around the building. The second benefit
that the user will get is, the building or house will resistance from weather and fire. The
durability of building and home that have beam and post will increase from the building and
home that does not have them.

Other than that, in Malaysia, mosques are designed in a variety of architectural styles.
One obvious conclusion is that the concept of a clear 'Islamic Architecture' language is
lacking, since there does not seems to be a predilection for any one design that is repeated.
Although Islam was born in the Middle East, supporters of Middle Eastern revivalism must
accept that this fact does not imply that the style has a monopoly on Islam. If anything, one
may argue that Islam allows for diversity in architectural language as a result of its
fundamental theological beliefs, which transcend racism and parochialism. The diverse
design demonstrates Islam's flexibility to numerous cultures and belief systems while
remaining true to its fundamental goal of worshipping one God.

The undisputed truth that the Masjid Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin retains a unique and
inspirational position as the mosque that does not have any inferiority complex regarding
which area and culture Islam seems to be best represented is the ultimate conclusion that
can be taken from the survey and categorization. The mosque boasts a tropical composition
to be proud of, displaying an honest effort at interpreting a progressive identity while
addressing the request for a structure of modest cost rather than exorbitant grandeur. To
conclude, architects and politicians should be aware of this national monument's exceptional
success in appropriately representing Islam in its original form, free of the baggage of
intellectual progressivism, inferiority complex, and parochialism. Last but not least, beam
and post will make sure the building become stronger and more unique.

15
REFERENCES

https://theconstructor.org/building/superstructure-substructure-building-construction/1651/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstructure

https://www.letsbuild.com/blog/substructure-superstructure

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2007-09-17

https://structuralengineeringbasics.com/what-are-beams-and-columns-building-construction/

https://www.odysseytraveller.com/articles/elements-of-mosque-architecture/

https://www.learnreligions.com/parts-of-a-mosque-2004464

https://www.slideshare.net/SarahEsa/btech-report-final

http://www.masjidtuankumizan.gov.my/v3/sejarah-masjid/

https://jempolslife.blogspot.com/2012/04/construction-of-iron-mosque-putrajaya.html

https://mosqpedia.org/en/mosque/115

https://itc.gov.my/listings/tuanku-mizan-zainal-abidin-mosque/

http://www.postandbeamhomes.com/articles/benefits-of-building-a-post-and-beam-home/

16