Adm-Td10-Q1-M1-L1-Sub 3 Lesson 4 (Manipulate Cad Features As Per Job Requirement-2d)

10
T.L.E.
Technical
Drafting
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Manipulate CAD Features as per
Job Requirement:
2-Dimensional Drawing
Writer: Precious Faith G. Villanueva

What I Know
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Zoom option the display all visible objects and visual aids
A. All B. Center C. Corner of window D. Previous
2. Keyboard keys that gives aid in drawing by turning on or off the different CAD
modes.
A. Alphabet B. Function C. Numeric D. Navigation
3. This pertains to the sets of menus, toolbars, palettes, and ribbon control panels
that are organized for CAD.
A. CAD Workspace C. CAD Drawing Options
B. CAD Drawing Aids D. CAD Toolbar
4. Command that controls the precision and display formats for coordinates,
distances, and angles.
A. Annotation B. Dimension C. Limits D. Units
5. Set restrictions within the drawing area to where the user can create drawings.
6. What is the default file extension of an AutoCAD drawing?
A. Dwg B. Dwf C. Dws D. Dwt
7. Which of the following options is not type of workspaces?
A. 2D Drafting & Annotation C. AutoCAD Classic
B. 3D Modeling D. My workspace
8. Which of the function keys can be used for activating the Osnap Mode?
A. F3 B. F5 C. F9 D. F8
9. Which command is used to change the size of an existing objects?
A. Move B. Rotate C. Scale D. Zoom
10. Which of the following is important in setting the chamfer command?
A. Angle point 1 and 2 C. Distance 1 and 2
B. Base point 1 and 2 D. Radius 1 and 2
11. Which of the following is necessary in setting the fillet command?
A. Angle B. Base point C. Distance D. Radius
12. If you need the text to be reversed, you mirror the text, then you need to set:
A. MIRRTEXT to 0 C. TEXTMIRR to 0
B. MIRRTEXT to 1 D. TEXTMIRR to 1
13. Which shortcut key can make layer properties pop on screen?
A. LA B. LP C.PS D. SC
14. What command is used to specify settings in dimension style manager?
A. Ddim B. Dimspec C. Dimalt D. Dimsize
15. Coordinate system wherein you type the X and Y coordinates relative to the last
point.
A. Absolute B. Direct C. Polar D. Relative
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Lesson Manipulate CAD Features as
per Job Requirement:
4 2-Dimensional Drawing
I
n creating drawing files using a CAD software, all considerations in manual
drafting is also considered. Think of CAD tools as the same when you were drawing
using our traditional drawing tools. Each command used are called as to how each
function when creating drawings but in a digital way.
The whole series of this module is based on the use of the CAD software - AutoCAD.
As for this lesson, the primary objectives for LO 1. Operate CAD Software and
Computer Hardware are the following according to the sub- LO 1.3 which is to
Manipulate CAD Features as per Job Requirement:
1. Observe the differences in applying the CAD Coordinate System
2. Manipulate objects using Object Selection
3. Apply Units & Scales in drawing files
4. Create objects using Drawing Tools
5. Modify objects created in CAD
What’s In
2-D DRAWING
A 2D drawing in CAD pertains to the digital drawing of objects through the view which
consists of two-dimensional elements or is a flat picture representing a solid subject
minimal process of creating and modifying the drawing objects.
Notes to the Teacher

This contains the CAD commands that can be used in
2- Dimensional drafting to help your students familiarize how
each are used to manipulate the hardware and software
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What’s New
AutoCAD Coordinates!
Part 1. Direction: Identify the respective axis value on the cartesian plane according
to the number labeling below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Part 2. Direction: Arrange the jumbled letters to find the correct name of each
illustrated coordinates in used in AutoCAD. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. AOUESBTL= 2. EEAIVRTVL=
1 1
4 0
0 4
-4 0
3. OARPL= 4. EITCRD=
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What is It
2-DIMENSIONAL DRAWING
Instruction symbols and meaning:
> : Select/ Go To
↵ : Press Enter
AutoCAD Coordinate Systems
The Cartesian coordinate system is the standard coordinate system where
the position of a point can be described by its distance from two axes, X and Y.
Types:
Cartesian coordinate specifies distance from horizontal distance (X)
vertical distance (Y) with the origin point (0, 0) where the two axes
intersect.
Polar coordinates use a distance and an angle to locate a point.

Classification:
Absolute coordinates, when you know the actual coordinates of the
point you want, like (4, 2).
Relative coordinates, when all you know is how far the point is away
from another point.
***Remember that the value of X is entered first.
Methods of Entering Coordinates:

1. Interactive method:
Use the cursor to select on the screen.
2. Absolute coordinates (Format: X,Y):
Type the X and Y coordinates to locate the point on the current
coordinate system relative to the origin.
3. Relative coordinates (Format: @X,Y):
Type the X and Y coordinates relative to the last point.
4. Polar coordinates (Format: @Distance<angle):

Type a distance and angle relative to the last point.
***Notice that the separator in the case of polar co-ordinates is the < "less than"
mathematical symbol.
5. Direct Distance entry technique:

Specify a second point by first moving the cursor to indicate
direction and then entering a distance.
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Sample line segment using AutoCAD Coordinate Systems
Command:
 L↵
 0, 0 ↵
 Absolute coordinates: 2,1
 Relative coordinates: @2,1
 Polar Coordinates: @2<60
 ORTHO ON
 Hover mouse to left
 Direct coordinate: 2
 ORTHO OFF
 Interactive method: Click at any point
 ESC/ Enter/ Spacebar
Object Selection
Select objects by clicking them or by using a window or crossing method.
To specify a rectangular selection area, click and release the mouse button, move the
cursor, and click again.
To create a lasso selection, click, drag, and release the mouse button.
1. Do one of the following:
 Select individual objects by clicking them.
 Drag from left to right to select all objects that are entirely enclosed in the
selection rectangle or lasso (window selection/ blue marquee).
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 Drag from right to left to select all objects that are crossed by the selection
rectangle or lasso (crossing selection/ green marquee).
2. Press Enter to end object selection.

 Deselect objects by pressing shift and then clicking individual objects, or
dragging across multiple objects.
 Press Esc to deselect all objects.
Note: When using lasso selection, you can press Spacebar to cycle between the
Window, Crossing, and Fence object selection modes.
Object Snap
Sets running object snap modes for precision.
 F3
***The Object Snap tab of the Drafting Settings dialog box is
displayed.
 Right click on OSNAP button to set object snap mode.
 If you enter -OSNAP at the Command prompt, the following prompts are
displayed.
Enter a list of object snap modes
Enter names of object snap modes separated with commas, or
enter none or off.
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Object Snap Modes
Specify one or more object snap modes by entering the uppercase
characters of the name in the following table. If you enter more than one name,
separate the names with commas.
Mode Description
Snaps to the closest endpoint or corner of a geometric
ENDpoint
object
MIDpoint Snaps to the midpoint of a geometric object
Snaps to the center of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical
CENter
arc
Geometric CEnter Snaps to the centroid of any closed polylines and splines
Snaps to a point object, dimension definition point, or
NODe
dimension text origin
Snaps to a quadrant point of an arc, circle, ellipse, or
QUAdrant
elliptical arc
INTersection Snaps to the intersection of geometric objects
Causes a temporary extension line or arc to be displayed
EXTension when you pass the cursor over the endpoint of objects,
so you can specify points on the extension
Snaps to the insertion point of objects such as an
INSertion
attribute, a block, or text
Snaps to a point perpendicular to the selected geometric
PERpendicular
object
Snaps to the tangent of an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical
TANgent
arc, polyline arc, or spline
Snaps to the nearest point on an object such as an arc,
NEArest circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, point, polyline, ray,
spline, or xline
Snaps to the visual intersection of two objects that do not
APParent
intersect in 3D space but may appear to intersect in the
intersection
current view
Constrains a new line segment, polyline segment, ray or
PARallel xline to be parallel to an existing linear object that you
identify by hovering your cursor
NONe Turns off object snap modes
For more information on each of these object snap modes, see the
Object Snap tab of the Drafting Settings dialog box.
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The Zoom command
When you are picking objects in a complex drawing, use the ZOOM command
transparently to make object selection easier. All Zoom options selected from the
toolbars are automatically transparent but if you invoke the command from the
keyboard you will need to enter zoom.
Zoom options: Z ↵
A All
C Center
D Dynamic
E Extents
P Previous
S Scale
W Window
O Object
Zoom display the following prompts:
Corner of window
Specify one corner of the area to the opposite corner be zoomed into by
manually creating a marquee.
All
Zooms to display all visible objects and visual aids.
Center
Zooms to display a view defined by a center point and a magnification value
or a height. A smaller value for the height increases the magnification. A larger
value decreases the magnification. Not available in perspective projection.
Dynamic
Pans and zooms by resizing a rectangular view box.
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Extents
Zooms to display the maximum extents of all objects.
Previous
Zooms to display the previous view. You can restore up to 10 previous views.
Scale / Scale factor

Zooms to change the magnification of a view using a scale factor.
 Enter a value followed by x to specify the scale relative to the current view.
 Enter a value followed by xp to specify the scale relative to paper space
units.
For example, entering .5x causes each object to be displayed at half its
current size on the screen.
Window
Zooms to display an area specified by a rectangular window.
With the cursor, you can define an area of the model to fill the entire window.
Entering .5xp displays model space at half the scale of paper space units. You
Object
Zooms to display one or more selected objects as large as possible and in the
center of the view.
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Real Time
Zooms interactively to change the magnification of the view.
The cursor changes to a magnifying glass with plus (+) and minus (-) signs.
Units and Scales

When you draw on paper you must decide to draw and say, 1:20 or 1:200 depending
upon the size of the object that you are drawing so that your scaled drawing
will fit on the drawing sheet size prescribed. In AutoCAD you do not need to decide
upon a drawing scale until you come to print the drawing and because the scaling
of your drawing takes place at the printing stage, you can create drawings at a scale
of 1:1.
Units Command controls the precision and
display formats for coordinates, distances, and
angles. When you start the Units command
(UN↵), the first thing you see is the Drawing Units
dialogue box, shown on the left. The dialogue box
is divided into four main sections. The upper two
are "Length", which refers to linear units and
"Angle", referring to angular units to which both
can be made independently can control each type
and precision. When plotting a lot bearing, you
should change the angle to Surveyor’s Unit and
use the polyline command to input data.
To input the bearing the format is as follows:
DISTANCE<DIRECTION, DEGREES,
MINUTES, DIRECTION
Example:
LINE BEARING DISTANCE
1-2 N 23º42' E 9m
INPUT: @9<N23D42'E
You may also change the units either in English system or the Metric system.
Limits
Set restrictions within the drawing area to
where the user can create drawings. When
you set the limits, don’t forget to turn limits
on to apply the boundaries you set. You will
notice that after setting the limits, once you
extend your drawing to the area outside the
drawing limits the object won’t snap on the
drawing area and your command line
prompts that you are outside limits.
Process:
Create a box area according to paper size
dimensions
Command: LIMITS ↵
Click ON
Specify lower left corner (of your box)
Specify upper right corner (of your box)
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Drawing Tools
Draw tools can be used to create new

objects such as lines, circles arc, rectangle
and hatching.
In common with most AutoCAD

commands, the Draw commands can be
through typing the command names or
entering keyboard shortcuts or clicking
the Draw pull-down menu, shown on the
right or from the Draw toolbar.
The Line Command

Creates a line or joined line segments that can be edited separately.
Process:
 Command: LINE or L ↵
 Pick the first point
 Enter coordinates or move the crosshair to the next location
The Polyline Command

A single object composed of connected line segments, arc segments or a
combination of both. In practice the Polyline command works in the same way as the
Line command allowing you to pick as many points as you like and opt to
automatically close a polyline end to end (type C).
Process:
 Command: POLYLINE or PL ↵
 Specify start point
 Specify next point…
The following prompts are displayed after picking the start point:
Arc
The following prompts are displayed when you draw arc segments.
Endpoint of arc
Completes an arc segment tangent to the previous segment of the
polyline.
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Angle
Specifies the included angle of the arc segment from the start point.
Positive number = counterclockwise arc segments
Negative number = clockwise arc segments
Center
Specifies an arc segment based on its center point.
Close
Draws an arc segment from the last point specified to the starting point,
creating a closed polyline.
Direction
Specifies the tangent for the arc segment.
***Press Ctrl to draw in a clockwise direction.
Halfwidth
Specifies the width from the center of a wide polyline segment to one of
its edges.
 Starting half-width. Specifies the width and the start point of the
segment.
 Ending half-width. Specifies the width at the endpoint.
Line
Switches from drawing arc segments to drawing straight segments.
Radius
Specifies the radius of the arc segment.
 Radius of arc. Specify a distance.
 Endpoint of arc. Specifies the endpoint and draws the arc segment.
Second pt
Specifies the second point and endpoint of a three-point arc.
Undo
Removes the most recent arc segment added to the polyline.
Width
Specifies the width of the next arc segment.
The starting width becomes the default ending width
Length
Draws a line segment of a specified length at the same angle as the
previous segment. If the previous segment is an arc, the new line
segment is drawn tangent to that arc segment.
Undo
Removes the most recent line segment added to the polyline.
Width
Specifies the starting and ending width of the next line segment.
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The Circle Command
The Circle command is used to draw circles. The default method is to pick the center
point and then to either pick a second point on the circumference of the circle or
enter the circle radius at the keyboard.
Process:
 Command: CIRCLE or C ↵
 Specify center point of circle
 Specify radius/diameter…
The following prompts are displayed:
3P (Three Points)
Creates a circle based on three points on the circumference.
Tan, Tan, Tan
Creates a circle tangent to three objects.
2P (Two Points)
Creates a circle based on two endpoints of the diameter.
TTR (Tangent, Tangent, Radius)
Creates a circle with a specified radius and tangent to two objects.
The Arc command

The Arc command allows you to draw an arc of a circle. To create an arc, you can
specify combinations of center, endpoint, start point, radius, angle, chord length,
and direction values.
Process:
 Command: ARC or A ↵
 Specify start/ center point of arc
 Specify second point
 Specify end point
The following prompts are displayed:

Start point
Draws an arc using three specified points on the arc's circumference. The first point
is the start point
Center
Starts by specifying the center of the circle of which the arc is a part.
End
Starts by specifying the endpoint of the arc.
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The Rectangle Command
Creates a rectangular polyline whose sides are vertical and horizontal from
the specified the rectangle parameters (length, width, rotation) and type of corners
(fillet, chamfer, or square).
Process:
 Command: RECTANGLE or REC ↵
 Specify first corner point
 Specify other corner point
The following prompts are displayed.

First Corner Point
Specifies a corner point of the rectangle.
Other Corner Point
Creates a rectangle using the specified points as diagonally opposite
corners, either a length or a width.
Rotation
Creates a rectangle at a specified rotation angle.
Chamfer
Sets the chamfer distances for the rectangle.
Elevation
Specifies the elevation of the rectangle.
Fillet
Specifies the fillet radius of the rectangle.
Thickness
Specifies the thickness of the rectangle.
Width
Specifies the polyline width of the rectangle to be drawn.
The Polygon Command

Creates an equilateral closed polyline. You specify the number of sides of the
polygon and whether it is inscribed or circumscribed.
Process:
 Command: POLYGON or POL ↵
 Enter number of sides ↵
 Specify center of polygon
 Enter an Option: Inscribed/ Circumscribed
 Specify radius of circle
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The Ellipse Command
Creates an ellipse or an elliptical arc. The first two points of the ellipse determine the
location and length of the first axis. The third point determines the distance between
the center of the ellipse and the end point of the second axis.
Process:
 Command: ELLIPSE or EL ↵
 Specify Axis Endpoint of Ellipse
 Specify other endpoint of Axis
 Specify distance to other Axis
The Hatch Command

Fills an enclosed area with a pattern or soiled fill.
Process:
 Command: HATCH or H ↵
 Pick Internal Point (Select Objects)…
*** Other drawing tools are available on the drop-down button (inverted triangle) such
as SPLINE (SPL), CONSTRUCTION LINE (XLINE), RAY, MULTIPLE POINTS, DIVIDE,
MEASURE, REGION, REVISION CLOUD, WIPEOUT, 3D POLYLINE (3DPOLY), HELIX,
DONUT.
Modifying Commands
When wanting to revise the

object you made, AutoCAD
provides a whole range of
modify tools such as Move,
Copy, Rotate and Mirror
which works as their name
says.
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The Move Command
The Move command works in a similar way to the Copy command except that no
copy is made, the selected object(s) is simply moved from one location to another.
Process:
 Command: MOVE or M ↵
 Select Objects to move ↵
 Specify base point
 Specify second point (click on the screen)
The Copy Command

The Copy command can be used to create one or more duplicates of any drawing
object or objects which you have previously created.
Process:
 Command: COPY or CO ↵ or CO ↵
 Select Objects to copy ↵
 Specify second point (click on the screen)…
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The Stretch Command
The Stretch command can be used to move one or more vertices of an object while
leaving the rest of the object unchanged.
Process:
 Command: STRETCH or S ↵
 Select Object to stretch ↵
 Select vertex to stretch
 Pick first point
 Pick second point
***You could also click the object and modify through its vertices.
The Rotate Command

The Rotate command allows an object or objects to be rotated on a point selected by
the user.
Process:
 Command: ROTATE or RO ↵
 Select Object to rotate ↵
 Specify angle of rotation
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The Scale Command
The Scale command can be used to change the size of an object or group of objects.
For example a scale factor of 2 will double the size of the objects in the selection set
and a factor of 0.5 will reduce them into half.
Process:
 Command: SCALE or SC ↵
 Select Object to rotate ↵
 Specify scale factor
The Trim Command

The Trim command can be used to trim a part of an object. In order to trim an object
you must draw a second object which forms the "cutting edge". Cutting edges can be
lines, xlines, rays, polylines, circles, arcs or ellipses. Blocks and text cannot be
trimmed or used as cutting edges.
Process:
 Create a Cutting Edge on Object
 Command: TRIM or TR ↵ ↵
 Select Object to trim/ use a marquee
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The Fillet Command
The Fillet command is a very useful tool which allows you to draw an arc between
two intersecting lines or adjacent polyline segments.
Process:
 Command: FILLET or F ↵
 R (radius)
 Specify radius
 Click the 2 objects to fillet
The Chamfer Command

The Chamfer command enables you to create a chamfer (beveled edge) between any
two non-parallel or any two adjacent polyline segments.
Process:
 Command: CHAMFER or CHA ↵
 D (distance)
 Specify distance
 Click the first and second line
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The Array Command
Using the Array command, you can duplicate existing objects in a rectangle or
circular (polar) pattern. By default, the maximum number of array elements that
you can generate in one command is 100,000. You cannot create path arrays or
specify 3D levels with this version of the command. For these options, use ARRAY.
Process:
 Command: ARRAY or AR ↵
 Select object as basis for array
 Enter Array Path (Rectangular/ PAth/POlar)
 Specify details
The following prompts are displayed.

Path
Evenly distributes copies of the selected object along a path or a portion of a path.
Path Array Creation Prompt @ Ribbon (Latest)
Rectangular
Creates an array of rows and columns of copies of the selected objects. The following
are identified: Number of rows (---), Number of columns (|||), Distance between
rows or specify unit cell, and, Distance between columns (|||).
Array Dialog Box: Rectangular Array
1. Click to select the object(s) to include in the

array.
2. Enter the number of rows (horizontal
patterns) for the array.
3. Enter the number of columns (vertical
patterns) for the array.
4. Enter a distance to offset each row. Use the
simulated preview window to see the direction of
the pattern.
5. Enter a distance to offset each column.
6. Enter an angle for the pattern.
7. Click Preview to preview the array. Preview is
not available until you select an object or objects
for the array.
Rectangular Array Creation Prompt @ Ribbon (Latest)
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Polar
Creates an array by copying the selected objects around a specified center point.
The following are identified: Center point of array, Base, Number of items in the
array, Angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) (+=ccw, -=cw), Angle between items (+=ccw, -=cw)
(+=ccw, -=cw), and, Rotate arrayed objects.
Array Dialog Box: Polar Array

1. Click to select the object(s) to include in the
array.
2. Enter the center point's coordinates in the
X and Y fields or click the
Select Point icon to select a center point in the
drawing window.
3. Select the method for calculating the polar
array.
- Total number of items and angle to fill.
- Total number of items and angle between
items.
- Angle to fill and angle between items.
4. Enter the total number of items for the
array. This includes the original object.
5. Enter the total angle for the array. A
negative number creates the array in a
clockwise direction.
6. Select to rotate each object as it is placed in
the array.
Polar Array Creation Prompt @ Ribbon (Latest)
The Erase Command

The Erase command is one of the simplest AutoCAD commands and is one of the
most used which deletes any selected object(s) from the drawing.
Process:
 Command: ERASE or E ↵
 Select objects to erase ↵
 Ctrl + A ↵ (Select All)

 Press DELETE key
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The Mirror Command
The Mirror command allows you to mirror selected objects in your drawing by
picking them and then defining the position of an imaginary mirror line using two
points.
Process:
 Command: MIRROR or MI ↵
 Select objects ↵
 Specify first point of mirror line
 Specify second point of mirror line
 Erase source object (Y/N)
 In horizontal mirroring mirror line should be VERTICAL

 In vertical mirroring mirror line should be HORIZONTAL
Using MIRRTEXT Value

0 – No change
1 – Mirror Effect
The Join Command

Joins the endpoints of linear and curved objects to create a single object.
Process:
 Command: JOIN or J ↵
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The Explode Command
Breaks a compound object into its component objects if you want to modify its
components separately. Objects that can be exploded include blocks, polylines, and
regions, among others.
Process:
 Command: EXPLODE or X ↵
The Offset Command

The Offset command creates a new object parallel to or concentric with a selected
object which is drawn at a user defined distance. You can offset lines, arcs, circles,
ellipses, 2D polylines, xlines, rays and planar splines.
Process:
 Command: OFFSET or O ↵
 Specify offset distance
 Click the object you want to offset
 Click on the screen to position of the offset object
The Extend Command

Extends objects to meet the edges of other objects. To extend objects, first select the
boundaries.
Process:
 Command: EXTEND or EX ↵
 C (crossing)
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The Layer Command
Manages layers and layer properties.

Use layers to control the visibility of objects and to
assign properties such as color and linetype. If an
object’s color property is set to BYLAYER, the object
displays the color of that layer. If the object’s color
is set to Red, the object displays as red, regardless
of the color assigned to that layer.
If you enter -LAYER at the Command prompt,
options are displayed.
Process:
 Command: LAYER or L ↵
 Set layer name
 Set layer color
 Set line type
 Set line weight
The Layer Properties Manager

You can add, delete, and rename layers, change their properties, set
property overrides in layout viewports, and add layer descriptions.
Hover over the image to find clickable areas which jump to the Help
section for those controls.
Layers and Layer Properties
New Layer
Creates a layer with a default name that you can immediately change and
inherits the properties of the currently selected layer in the layer list.
New Layer Frozen VP In All Viewports

Creates a layer and freezes it in all existing layout viewports.
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Delete Layer
Deletes selected layers. The following layers cannot be deleted:
 Layers 0 and Defpoints
 Layers containing objects, including objects in block definitions
 The current layer
 Layers used in an external reference
 Layers in a partially opened drawing (Not applicable to AutoCAD LT.)
Note: Be careful about deleting layers if you are working on a drawing in a
shared project or one based on a set of layering standards.
Set Current
Sets the selected layer as current layer wherein new objects are automatically
created on the current layer.
Layer List
Modify the layer properties using the layer list. Click the current setting to change
the layer property for the selected layer or group of layers.
Note: The layer list can be filtered and sorted to make it easier to find and select the
layers that you want to change.
Sort
Click a column label to sort by that column.
Column Order
Drag a column to a new location in the list to change the column order.
Status
 This layer is the current layer.
 This layer contains objects.
 This layer does not contain any objects. This icon is controlled by the
SHOWLAYERUSAGE system variable.
 This layer contains objects, and a property override is turned on in a
layout viewport.
 This layer does not contain any objects, and a property override is
turned on in a layout viewport.
 This layer contains objects, and xref and viewport property overrides is
turned on in a layout viewport.
 This layer does not contain objects, and xref and viewport property
overrides is turned on in a layout viewport.
 This layer contains objects, and an xref property override is turned on.
 This layer does not contain objects, and an xref property override is
turned on.
Name
Displays the name of the layer or filter. Press F2 to enter a new name.
P a g e | 26
On
Turns the selected layers on to be visible and available for plotting and off so
it will be invisible and not plotted, even if the setting in the Plot column is
turned on.
Freeze
Freezes the selected layers. Objects on frozen layers are not displayed, plotted,
or regenerated to improve performance and reduce regeneration time in
complex drawings.
Lock
Objects on a locked layer cannot be modified and appear faded and a small
lock icon is displayed when you hover over the object.
Color
Displays the Select Color dialog box, where you can specify a color for the
selected layers.
Linetype
Displays the Select Linetype dialog box, where you can specify a linetype for
the selected layers.
Lineweight
Displays the Lineweight dialog box, where you can specify a lineweight for the
selected layers.
Transparency
Displays the Transparency dialog box, where you can specify a transparency
for the selected layers. Valid values are from 0 to 90. The higher the value, the
more transparent the objects appear.
Plot Style
Displays the Select Plot Style dialog box where you can change the plot style
for the selected layers.
Plot
Controls whether the selected layers are plotted.
New VP Freeze
Freezes selected layers in new layout viewports whereas the layer in all new
viewports restricts the display of that specific layer.
VP Freeze (available only from a layout tab)
Freezes selected layers only in the current layout viewport.
VP Color (available only from a layout tab)
Sets an override for the color associated with the selected layer for the current
layout viewport.
VP Linetype (available only from a layout tab)
Sets an override for the linetype associated with the selected layer for the
current layout viewport.
VP Lineweight (available only from a layout tab)
Sets an override for the lineweight associated with the selected layer for the
VP Transparency (available only from a layout tab)
Sets an override for transparency associated with the selected layer for the
P a g e | 27
VP Plot Style (available only from a layout tab)
Sets an override for the plot style associated with the selected layer for the
Description
(Optional) Describes the layer or the layer filter.
Creating AutoCAD Blocks
A block is a collection of objects (lines, arcs, circles, text, etc.) that form a more
complex entity that normally represents an object in the real world, e.g. a door, a
chair, a window, a computer.
Block (B) command creates block in the current drawing.
Write Block (WB) command creates block outside the current file and may be
used on different files.
Insert (I) command is used to attach the blocks made.
Advantages to using blocks:

A. Blocks are a single entity.
B. Using blocks can help keep your file size-down.
Process:
 Command: BLOCK or B ↵ or WB ↵
 Set filename and location
 Save
To INSERT a block
1. Command: INSERT or I ↵
2. Select block
3. Click OK
P a g e | 28
Dimensioning
If you just want to check the distance, use DI (distance) command instead.
Use it with TK (tracking) command when finding the precise point on previous
drawing.
Create several types of dimensions and save dimension settings by name.
Here is an example of several types of dimensions using an architectural dimension
style with imperial units to show the distance of the object, use one of the following
according to its purpose:
1. DLI DIMENSION LINEAR 5. DAN DIMENSION ANGLE

2. DDI DIMENSION DIAMETER 6. DLI + DCO DIMENSION
3. DRA DIMENSION RADIUS CONTINUOUS
4. DAL DIMENSION ALIGN 7. DLI + DBA DIMENSION BASELINE
Dimension Styles
Dimension styles help establish and enforce
drafting standards which are found on the
Annotate tab. To open the Dimension Style
Manager, click the indicated button or type
DDIM. You can save any dimension styles that
you create in one or more drawing template
files.
The default dimension style is named either
Standard (imperial) or ISO-25 (metric). It is
assigned to all dimensions until you set another
style as the current dimension style.
*** You may input name, title, description through the TEXT command or by Multiline
(MTEXT) command which have a built-in text editor.
P a g e | 29
What’s More
Activity 1.1 Plot It!

Direction: Below is a technical description of a lot title. Get the data and plot it on
through CAD. Save it on your folder under the file name:
SECTION_SURNAME_LOT PLOTTING
LINE BEARING DISTANCE COMMAND LINE INPUT
Your output will be graded using the criteria below:

SCORING RUBRIC
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
ACCURACY Output Output have 1 to 2 Output have 3 to 4 Output have 5 to Output have 6 to
accurately done errors observed errors observed 6 errors more errors
observed observed
SPEED The output is The output is done The output is done The output is The output is
done before due on due time after allotted time done after done after
time allotted time allotted time
METHOD Applied CAD Applied CAD Applied CAD Applied CAD Applied CAD
commands with commands have 1 commands have 3 commands have commands have
no error to 2 errors to 4 errors 5 to 6 errors 6 or more errors
PROFICIENCY Perform the task Perform the task Perform the task Perform the task Perform the task
with competence according to with competence with according to without
and exceptional standard but below standard competence and
performance competence standard procedures do not exhibit
performance standard
performance
TOTAL
P a g e | 30
Activity 1.2 Reflect On It!
Direction: Reflect on your activity in plotting the lot bearings on Activity 1.1 using
the criteria below. Write your reflection on a separate sheet of paper.
RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

Content The content was well-thought, guide questions 4
were thoroughly answered
Organization The paper was well-written with ideas easily 3
conveyed to readers
Development Points are thoroughly developed 3
Total 10
Share your insight:
P a g e | 31
Activity 1.3 Block It!
Direction: Create an architectural block of the symbols shown below which should
be available in different files. Write down the combination of commands used for each
on a separate sheet of paper.
COMMANDS
SYMBOL NAME
COMBINATION USED
Single-swing door
1.
(90 degrees)
Pocket Sliding Door

2.
Bi-fold Door 3.
Sliding Door 4.
Revolving Door 5.
Fixed Window 6.
Bay Window 7.
Ramp 8.
Stairs
9.
P a g e | 32
Arch 10.
LINTEL 11.
Scale 12.
13.
North Direction
Windows / Door 14.
Bath Tub 15.
Lavatory 16.
Sink (Single) 17.
Water Closet with Bowl 18.
Urinal 19.
Closet 20.
P a g e | 33
Direction: Reflect on your activity in creating blocks on Activity 1.3 using the criteria
below. Write your reflection on a separate sheet of paper.
RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

conveyed to readers
Total 10
Share your insight:
P a g e | 34
Activity 1.5 Create It!
Use the rubric below as basis for scoring:
SCORING RUBRIC
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
observed observed
performance
TOTAL
Below is a sample draft of a mug, use the given dimensions and create your
own mug drawing. You may choose the unit to use in the drawing.
Height: 95 mm
Width (mouth outside diameter): 82 mm
Width (diameter + handle): 120 mm
Thickness: 6 mm
Handle Height: 74 mm
Handle Width: 15 mm
Handle Thickness: 7 mm
Mug Bottom Thickness: 9.5 mm
2D PRACTICE
Generate the following views in

2D:
 Top
 Front
 Right Side
P a g e | 35
Direction: Reflect on creating Activity 1.5 using the criteria below. Write your
reflection on a separate sheet of paper.
RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

conveyed to readers
Total 10
Share your insight:
P a g e | 36
Activity 1.7 Plan It!
Direction: Using the technical description on Activity 1.1, layout a floor plan for a
residential building following the building code. Manually draft first your proposed
floorplan on an A4 bond paper and have it checked by your teacher before proceeding
on the digital draft.
Use the rubric below as basis for scoring:
SCORING RUBRIC
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
observed observed
performance
TOTAL

Direction: Reflect on creating Activity 1.7 using the criteria below. Write your
reflection on a separate sheet of paper.
RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

conveyed to readers
Total 10
Share your insight:
P a g e | 37
What I Have Learned
In order to operate the CAD software, familiarity on the most common

command is the starting point in mastery of skills in drafting via CAD.
Some of the most used commands in 2D drawing are:
 L (Line)  DIM (Dimension)

 PL (Poly line)  O (Offset)
 E (Erase)  F (Fillet)
 A (Arc)  X (Explode)
 TR (Trim)  J (Join)
 DI (Distance)  ARRAY
What I Can Do
Create a table and answer according to its respective columns in order to

identify the shortcut keys of each commands and how it is applied on the drawing.
2D DRAWING
COMMAND SHORTCUT PROCESS

 DI ↵
DISTANCE DI ↵  Specify first point
 Specify second point
LINE
ERASE
TRIM
OFFSET
FILLET
P a g e | 38
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Zoom option the display all visible objects and visual aids
A. All B. Center C. Corner of window D. Previous
2. Keyboard keys that gives aid in drawing by turning on or off the different CAD
modes.
A. Alphabet B. Function C. Numeric D. Navigation
3. This pertains to the sets of menus, toolbars, palettes, and ribbon control panels
that are organized for CAD.
A. CAD Workspace C. CAD Drawing Options
B. CAD Drawing Aids D. CAD Toolbar
4. Command that controls the precision and display formats for coordinates,
distances, and angles.
5. Set restrictions within the drawing area to where the user can create drawings.
6. What is the default file extension of an AutoCAD drawing?
A. Dwg B. Dwf C. Dws D. Dwt
7. Which of the following options is not type of workspaces?
A. 2D Drafting & Annotation C. AutoCAD Classic
B. 3D Modeling D. My workspace
8. Which of the function keys can be used for activating the Osnap Mode?
A. F3 B. F5 C. F9 D. F8
9. Which command is used to change the size of an existing objects?
A. Move B. Rotate C. Scale D. Zoom
10. Which of the following is important in setting the chamfer command?
A. Angle point 1 and 2 C. Distance 1 and 2
B. Base point 1 and 2 D. Radius 1 and 2
11. Which of the following is necessary in setting the fillet command?
A. Angle B. Base point C. Distance D. Radius
12. If you need the text to be reversed, you mirror the text, then you need to set:
A. MIRRTEXT to 0 C. TEXTMIRR to 0
B. MIRRTEXT to 1 D. TEXTMIRR to 1
13. Which shortcut key can make layer properties pop on screen?
A. LA B. LP C.PS D. SC
14. What command is used to specify settings in dimension style manager?
A. Ddim B. Dimspec C. Dimalt D. Dimsize
15. Coordinate system wherein you type the X and Y coordinates relative to the last
point.
A. Absolute B. Direct C. Polar D. Relative
P a g e | 39
Additional Activities
1. As an additional exercise in preparation for AutoCAD drawings, you

may add other symbols, fixtures and components of architectural floor
plans as desired. The more symbols you create the easier it is for you
to insert layout details in your future drawings, the more efficient you
become. Just bear in mind, to know the actual dimensions and label
accordingly to its type to avoid confusion.
2. You may also practice drafting a one storey floor plan of any layout and
apply the architectural blocks you have made.
*** You may send a file or a screenshot of your output ahead of time to your teacher
via e-mail.
References
 Arriola, Cesar T. et al., Technology and Livelihood Education –

Grade 10 Technical Drafting Learner’s Material, 1st Edition, 2013
 Autodesk. AutoCAD Support & Learning, accessed May 19, 2020,
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad
P a g e | 40
P a g e | 41

Adm-Td10-Q1-M1-L1-Sub 3 Lesson 4 (Manipulate Cad Features As Per Job Requirement-2d)

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Writer: Precious Faith G. Villanueva

Notes to the Teacher

Polar coordinates use a distance and an angle to locate a point.

***Remember that the value of X is entered first.

Methods of Entering Coordinates:

4. Polar coordinates (Format: @Distance<angle):

5. Direct Distance entry technique:

Select objects by clicking them or by using a window or crossing method.

2. Press Enter to end object selection.

Zoom display the following prompts:

Scale / Scale factor

Units and Scales

Draw tools can be used to create new

In common with most AutoCAD

The Line Command

The Polyline Command

The following prompts are displayed:

The Arc command

The following prompts are displayed:

The following prompts are displayed.

The Polygon Command

The Hatch Command

When wanting to revise the

The Copy Command

The Rotate Command

The Trim Command

The Chamfer Command

The following prompts are displayed.

1. Click to select the object(s) to include in the

Array Dialog Box: Polar Array

The Erase Command

 Ctrl + A ↵ (Select All)

 In horizontal mirroring mirror line should be VERTICAL

Using MIRRTEXT Value

The Join Command

The Offset Command

The Extend Command

Manages layers and layer properties.

The Layer Properties Manager

Layers and Layer Properties

New Layer Frozen VP In All Viewports

Creating AutoCAD Blocks

Advantages to using blocks:

1. DLI DIMENSION LINEAR 5. DAN DIMENSION ANGLE

Activity 1.1 Plot It!

LINE BEARING DISTANCE COMMAND LINE INPUT

Your output will be graded using the criteria below:

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

Share your insight:

Pocket Sliding Door

Windows / Door 14.

Bath Tub 15.

Sink (Single) 17.

Water Closet with Bowl 18.

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

Share your insight:

Generate the following views in

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

Share your insight:

Activity 1.8 Reflect On It!

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

Share your insight: