National Institute of

Technology,
Electrical Engineering Department
Raipuur
EXPERIMENT NO: 07
AIM: To study the synchronization of alternators with infinite bus.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:-
S. No. Name of Apparatus Rating
1. Ammeter (0-10) Amp
2. Voltmeter (0-450) volt
3. Tachometer Digital
4. synchronscope
5. connecting wires
6. Stroboscope
synchronizing switch
8. synchronizing lamps
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

110 DC

0-20V
L ZA
A R
JAI F1

R2 400V L-L 0-600V

A1 v
220v DC
Z1 F2
A3 A2
z2
A2T Y

F3

THEORY
Most synchronous machines operate in parallel with other synchronous machines and the
process of connecting one machine in parallel with another machine or with an infinite bus-
bar system is known as synchronization.
When alternmator is to be connected in parallel with system as incoming machine
following condition must be satisfied.
1. The phase sequence of the bus-bar voltage and the incoming machine must be the same.
2. The bus bar voltage and the incoming machine terminal voltage must be in same phase.
3. Terminal voltage of incoming machine should be equal to that
of alternator with which it is
to be run in parallel or with the bus-bar voltage.
machine must be equal to that at the
4. The frequency of the generated voltage at incoming
line bus bar.
The following methods are used:
1) synchro-scope.
2) Synchronizing lamp

Electrical Machines Lab

-

II |EL20612]
B.TECH VI Sem EE
 National Institute of Technology, Raipur
Electrical Engineering Department

SYNCHROSCOPE:
Phase sequence at the machine terminal generally checked at the time of its installation
condition 1 and 4 are required by a synchroscope which compare voltage from same phase at
incoming machine with that at the coresponding phase of 3-phase system. The position of
the pointer at the synchoscope indicates the phase difference between the voltage of the
when
incoming machine and the bus. When frequency differs, the pointer rotates and
shows weather
frequency is matched pointer is stationary. The direction of rotation of pointer
the frequency is higher or lower than that of a bus bar. the frequency position is controlled by
indicator is moving
controlling the speed of prime mover of the incoming machine when the
very slowly and is in the zero phase difference zone,
the circuit breaker is closed and the
checks only
incoming alternator is connected to the bus .it is to be noted that synchronoscope
relationship of one phase and give one phase and give no information about phase sequence.

check the
SYNCHRONIZING LAMPS: -
A set of three synchronizing lamps can be used to
connection of paralleling the synchronous machine with the
other machine or bus bar. The
of alternator. The
dark lamp method along with a volt meter is used for synchronization
started and brought up-to synchronous speed. Field
prime mover of the incoming machine is
current of the incoming machine is adjusted so
that it become equal to the bus voltage. The
in frequencies of incoming machine
three lamps flicker at rated speed equal to the difference
all the lamps will be bright and dark at
and the bus bar. If the phase are properly connected,
same. In
means then the phase sequence is not
the same time, if this is not the case then it
loads of the line of the incoming machine should
order to correct the phase sequence the two
with the lamp flicker at a very
be changed. The frequenc of the incoming machine adjusted
After adjusting the incoming voltage, the
slow rate, usually less than one dark point.
since the voltage across the lamp varies from
synchronous switch is closed in the dark period
zero to twice the voltage the lamps
of switchable rating must be used.

RESULT:
S onization of alternator has been studied.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. All the connection should be tight.
should not exceed the rated value.
2. Values of current, voltage and speed
3. Readings should be taken properly.

Electrical Machines Lab -

II [EL20612]
B.TECH VI Sem EE
Synch3oTnizatiohof Altennatang Dalk lomp Meihad
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