Definition: Hyperbola

𝒚
A set of points on a
plane such that the
𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏 difference of the
distances of each point
from two fixed points
(foci) is constant.
𝒙

1
Analyzing a Hyperbola
𝒚

𝑭𝟏
𝑭𝟐 𝐹1 𝑃 − 𝐹2 𝑃 = 𝑑

2
Analyzing a Hyperbola
𝒚

𝐹1 𝑄 − 𝐹2 𝑄 = 𝑑
𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏

𝑸
𝒙

3
Analyzing a Hyperbola
the difference of the distances of each point from two fixed points (foci) is
constant.

𝐹1 𝑃 − 𝐹2 𝑃 = 𝑑
𝐹1 𝑄 − 𝐹2 𝑄 = 𝑑

𝐹1 𝑃 − 𝐹2 𝑃 = 𝐹1 𝑄 − 𝐹2 𝑄
4
Analyzing a Hyperbola
𝒚

𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏
Each vertex is a units
away from the center.

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Analyzing a Hyperbola
𝒚

𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏
The segment 𝑉1 𝑉2 is called
the transverse axis. Its
length is 2a.
𝒙

6
Analyzing a Hyperbola
𝒚
The segment
perpendicular to the
𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏
transverse axis passing
through the center is
called the conjugate
𝒙
axis. Its length is 2b.

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Analyzing a Hyperbola
𝒚
The rectangle drawn
is called the auxiliary
𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏
rectangle. This rectangle
has sides 2a and 2b with
its diagonals intersecting
at the center C.
𝒙

8
Analyzing a Hyperbola
𝒚 The lines 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 are called
the asymptotes of the hyperbola.
The asymptotes intersect at center
C. The asymptotes serve as a
𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏 guide in graphing the hyperbola:
each branch of the hyperbola gets
closer and closer to the
asymptotes, but will never
𝒙
intersect, in the direction to which
the branch extends.

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Analyzing a Hyperbola

10
Analyzing a Hyperbola
Distance=2𝑎 (transverse axis)
𝒚

2𝑏=conjugate axis
𝐹1 𝐹2 = 2𝑐
Relationship: 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏

2𝑏2
Latus Rectum: 𝑎
𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘)
𝒙

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Analyzing a Hyperbola
𝒚
Transverse axis: (HORIZONTAL)
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
𝑎2
− 𝑏2
=1
𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏

Transverse axis: (VERTICAL)

(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝒙

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1. 1. Find the equation of the hyperbola, in standard form, with vertices at( -3,1)
and (7,1) and a focus at (-5,1).

Plot the points in

the coordinate
system to have a
better look at the
situation

13
1. 1. Find the equation of the hyperbola, in standard form, with vertices at( -3,1)
and (7,1) and a focus at (-5,1).

Transverse axis:
HORIZONTAL

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1. 1. Find the equation of the hyperbola, in standard form, with vertices at( -3,1)
and (7,1) and a focus at (-5,1).

−3 + 7 4
ℎ= = =2
2 2

1+1 2
𝑘= = =1
2 2

(-3,1) (2,1) (7,1) 𝐶(2,1)

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1. 1. Find the equation of the hyperbola, in standard form, with vertices at( -3,1)
and (7,1) and a focus at (-5,1).

𝐶(2,1) (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2

2
− 2
=1
𝑎=5 𝑎 𝑏

𝑐=7 𝑐 > 𝑎, 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
𝑏 2 = 72 − 5 2 (𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 1)2
𝑏 2 = 49 − 25 25
−
24
=1
𝑏 2 = 24 𝑐 > 𝑎, 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏16 2
Hyperbola

y
y
Hyperbola
Hyperbola
 𝑥2 𝑦2
Graph: − =1
9 16

𝐶(0,0)

20
 𝑥2 𝑦2
Graph: − =1
9 16

𝑥2 = 9
𝑥1 = 3
𝑥2 = −3

𝑎2 = 9
𝑎=3 21
 𝑥2 𝑦2
Graph: − =1
9 16

𝑦 2 = 16
𝑦1 = 4
𝑦2 = −4

𝑏 2 = 16
𝑏=4 22
 𝑥2 𝑦2
Graph: − =1
9 16

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑐 2 = 9+ 16
𝑐=5

23
 𝑥2 𝑦2
Graph: − =1
9 16

Auxiliary Rectangle

24
 𝑥2 𝑦2
Graph: − =1
9 16

Diagonals/Asymptotes

25
 𝑥2 𝑦2
Graph: − =1
9 16

Draw the graphs

26
 𝑥2 𝑦2 Asymptotes
Graph: − =1
9 16

𝑏
𝑦 − 𝑘 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ)
𝑎
4
𝑦 − 0 = ± (𝑥 − 0)
3
4
𝑦=± 𝑥
3
27
 𝑦2 𝑥2
Graph: − 16 =1
25

𝐶(0,0)
𝑦 2 = 25
𝑦1 = 5
𝑦2 = −5

𝑎=5 28
 𝑦2 𝑥2
Graph: − 16 =1
25

𝑥 2 = 16
𝑥1 = 4
𝑥2 = −4

𝑏=4

29
 𝑦2 𝑥2
Graph: − 16 =1
25

Auxiliary Rectangle

30
 𝑦2 𝑥2
Graph: − 16 =1
25

Asymptotes

31
 𝑦2 𝑥2
Graph: − 16 =1
25

Draw the graphs

32
 𝑦2 𝑥2
Graph: − 16 =1
25
𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑘 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ)
𝑏
5
𝑦 − 0 = ± (𝑥 − 0)
4
5
𝑦=± 𝑥
4
33
 (𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+4)2
Graph: − =1
16 9

𝐶(2, −4)

34
 (𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+4)2
Graph: − =1
16 9

(𝑥 − 2)2 = 16
(𝑥 − 2)2 = 16
𝑥 − 2 = ±4
𝑥 = ±4 + 2
𝑥1 = 4 + 2 = 6
𝑥2 = −4 + 2 = −2 35
 (𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+4)2
Graph: − =1
16 9

(𝑦 + 4)2 = 9
(𝑦 + 4)2 = 9
𝑦 + 4 = ±3
𝑦 = ±3 − 4
𝑦1 = 3 − 4 = −1
𝑦2 = −3 − 4 = −7 36
 (𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+4)2
Graph: − =1
16 9
𝑏
𝑦 − 𝑘 = ± (𝑥 − ℎ)
𝑎
3
𝑦 + 4 = (𝑥 − 2)
4

3
𝑦 =± 𝑥−2 −4
4

37