REVISION LOG SHEET

NOTE
PAGE DESCRIPTION / REMARKS
NO.

1 4 of 20 Added Scope for Onshore and Offshore

2 5 of 20 Added Reference International Codes “ASTM”

3 7 of 20 Added Requirements for API 1104

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................4
2. SCOPE .........................................................................................................................................................4
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS .......................................................................................................................4
3.1. INDUSTRY CODES AND STANDARDS...........................................................................................................5
3.2. PROJECT SPECIFICATION AND/OR ADDENDA ..............................................................................................6
4. RESPONSIBILITIES AND DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................6
5. PRODUCTS ..................................................................................................................................................7
5.1. COMPANY FURNISHED MATERIALS AND SERVICES......................................................................................7
6. EXECUTION .................................................................................................................................................7
6.1. SAFETY ...................................................................................................................................................7
6.2. W EATHER CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................7
6.3. W ELD JOINT BEVELS ................................................................................................................................8
6.4. MINIMUM PIPE LENGTHS ..........................................................................................................................8
6.5. MITER W ELDS .........................................................................................................................................8
6.6. W ELDING PROCESS AND CONTROL ...........................................................................................................9
6.7. PRIOR TO ALIGNMENT: ..............................................................................................................................9
6.8. LINE UP AND FIT UP ............................................................................................................................... 11
6.9. WELD JOINT CLEANING ......................................................................................................................... 12
6.10. WELDING EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................... 12
6.11. FILLER MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................... 13
6.12. WELD JOINT CLEARANCE....................................................................................................................... 13
6.13. PREHEATING AND POST HEATING OF W ELDS ........................................................................................... 13
6.14. HOT PASS AND FILLER PASS REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 14
6.15. TACK W ELDS ........................................................................................................................................ 14
6.16. FILLER AND FINISH BEADS ..................................................................................................................... 14
6.17. INTERPASS CLEANING AND REMOVAL OF VISUAL DEFECTS ...................................................................... 14
6.18. STRAY ARCS......................................................................................................................................... 15
6.19. INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PIPE COATING PROTECTION ............................................................................ 15
6.20. TIE-IN W ELDS ....................................................................................................................................... 15
6.21. IDENTIFICATION OF W ELDERS ................................................................................................................ 15
6.22. HOUSEKEEPING .................................................................................................................................... 15
6.23. VISUAL W ELD INSPECTION .................................................................................................................... 15
6.24. RADIOGRAPHIC W ELDING INSPECTION ................................................................................................... 16
6.25. STANDARD OF ACCEPTABILITY ............................................................................................................... 16
6.26. PRODUCTION W ELD QUALIFICATION ...................................................................................................... 17
6.27. DISQUALIFICATION OF W ELDERS............................................................................................................ 17
6.28. W ELD DEFECT REMOVAL, REPAIR, AND TESTING ................................................................................... 17
6.29. QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................................................................... 19
6.30. INTERNAL CLEANING ............................................................................................................................. 19
7. ATTACHMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 20

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1. PURPOSE

The Refinery and Petrochemical Complex of Ecuadorian Pacific is visualized as a world scale
refinery and petrochemical plant, oriented to satisfy in full the demand for fuel Ecuadorian
market and export the surplus available to strategic markets. The scope of the facilities
considers the construction of a 300 MBD refinery and implementation of process units with
deep conversion technology required for production of gasoline, distillates, LPG and
petrochemical bases, including facilities for power, oil, pipelines, aqueducts and marine
facilities.

SKEC is in the process of executing the Basic Engineering Design Phase for the Refinery
and Petrochemical Complex Project of Ecuadorian Pacific, as part of its contract with RDP
(Refineria del Pacifico Eloy Alfaro Compañía de Economía Mixta), which is conformed
between PDVSA Ecuador and PETROECUADOR. This new Refinery will be located at
Manabí, province of Ecuador.

This document contains the general requirements necessary to execute for field welding
and inspection of transmission pipeline, associated to The Project “Refinery and
Petrochemical Complex”. Contractor shall supply all the necessary welding equipment,
fluxes, gas, filler metal, testing equipment, and all other consumables required for the
work. The Contractor shall furnish and maintain, in good working condition, sufficient
equipment necessary to complete the work within the time specified in the Contract.

2. SCOPE

The work required under this Specification includes the furnishing of supervision, inspection,
and all labor, materials, equipment, services, and welding materials necessary for the
fabrication or assembly by welding of OSBL pipelines and associated facilities in a manner
satisfactory to Company.

This Specification applies to the welding of pipe joints in wrought, forged and cast steel
materials associated with onshore or offshore installation of pipelines used in the
transmission of liquid hydrocarbons and other liquids which use ANSI B31.4 as the piping
design code. Included, but not limited to, are butt joints in the installation of pipe, valves,
flanges, fittings, and other equipment, and fillet welded joints in pipe branches, slip-on flanges,
etc. Specifically excluded is the welding of longitudinal or spiral joints in the manufacture of
pipe and fittings and compressor station welds.

3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

In addition to complying with the requirements of this Specification, the

following regulations, codes, and standards, latest edition, shall apply as
referenced to the fabrication, lineup, welding, and inspection of pipeline systems.

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 The work shall satisfy the requirements of ASME B31.4.

Welding shall be carried-out to API 1104 conform to ASME B31.4 and API 1111, included
welding procedures and welders performing hyperbaric welding on offshore pipeline system
which is supplemented by AWS D3.6 for type “O”.

Unless otherwise specified or approved by Company, all welding of onshore or offshore pipeline
and associated facilities shall be performed by qualified welders using qualified WPS (Welding
Procedure Specifications) approved by Company and in accordance with Section 5 & 6 of API-
1104 the Paragraph: “Qualification of Welding Procedures for Welds Containing Filler – metals
Additives” and “Qualification of Welders”.

3.1. Industry Codes and Standards

API (American Petroleum Institute):

API 5L, Specification for Line Pipe

Standard 1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities, latest adopted

edition

Standard 1111 Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore

Hydrocarbons Pipelines (Limit State Design)

AWS (American Welding Society):

A5.1, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding

A5.5, Filler Metal Specification, Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding

Electrode; QC-1, Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors

D3.6M, Underwater Welding

ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers):

B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and

Other Liquids

ASNT (American Society of Nondestructive Testing):

TC-1A Nondestructive Testing Personnel – Testing and Qualifications

NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)

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 NACE MR0103 Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive

Petroleum Refining Environments

NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156 Part 1, 2 and 3

- Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries-Materials for Use in H2S-containing

Environments in Oil and Gas Production

NACE SP-0472 Methods and Controls to Prevent In-Service Environmental

Cracking of Carbon Steel Weldments in Corrosive Petroleum Refining
Environments

ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS):

A106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

A370 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

E384 Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials

3.2. Project Specification and/or Addenda

The following specifications prescribe items of related Work:

10045D-000-PI-SP-004 (RDP-IB-000-PI-SP-004):
Specification for Welding Procedures and Welder Qualifications for Pipelines

4. RESPONSIBILITIES AND DEFINITIONS

A Welding Engineer is assigned to each contract, either full or part-time, as necessary. As

soon as Company requirements are known, specifications shall be prepared and issued for
approval. It is the Welding Engineer’s responsibility to establish with each discipline whether
a standard or special welding specification is required for that discipline.

Contractor has the responsibility of compliance with all the applicable regulations,
codes, standards, and all specifications. In the event of any apparent conflict
between this Specification and any such applicable regulation, code or standard, or in
the event of a disagreement concerning the requirements of any such applicable
regulation, code or standard, Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, of
interpreting the regulations, codes, standards, and specifications, and their
application to work. Company’s decision on any disputed interpretation shall be the
final resolution of the dispute.

COMPANY: It refers, in the document, to RDP (Refinería del Pacifico Eloy Alfaro

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 Compañía de Economía Mixta), or any third parties assigned by Company.

CONTRACTOR: The party which shall supply all materials, labor and equipment
necessary for the welding procedure and welder qualifications.

5. PRODUCTS

5.1. Company Furnished Materials and Services

5.1.1. Company will furnish job size line pipe, fittings, valves, etc. for the work.
Company will also furnish radiographic services for nondestructive testing of
welds by other inspection authorization.

5.2 Contractor Furnished Materials and Services

5.2.1. Filler metals and shielding gases shall also be provided by the Contractor.

They shall conform to the applicable types, sizes, and specifications and
shall be stored and handled as set forth in the applicable code or standard
which shall be further specified in detail in the qualified WPS adopted for the
project.

6. EXECUTION

Welding requirements shall be in accordance with the requirements of API 1104.

The welding to the offshore liquid pipeline system, in accordance with ASME B31.4, shall be
permitted only when carried out in a dry environment (habitat or similar enclosure) and
subject to the approval of the entire procedure by the Company.

Welding procedures and welders performing hyperbaric welding on offshore pipeline systems
shall be qualified in accordance with the testing provisions of API 1104, as supplemented by
AWS D3.6 for Type “O” welds.

6.1. Safety

6.1.1. Prior to commencing welding in an area where hydrocarbons may exist, a

thorough check shall be made to insure the aforementioned are not present.
Welding shall only begin when the Company Safety Representative indicates
it is safe to proceed.

6.2. Weather Conditions

6.2.1. No production welding shall be done when weld quality could be adversely

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 affected by weather conditions. When deemed practical, wind shields shall
be utilized to facilitate production welding. Company will make the justification
for the suitability for welding in the prevailing weather conditions. The
welding operation and uncompleted weld joint shall be protected from
weather conditions which, in the opinion of Company, may impair the quality
of the completed weld. Such conditions include, but are not limited to,
airborne moisture, blowing sand, or high winds.

6.3. Weld Joint Bevels

6.3.1. Company will supply pipe beveled as per API 5L. When re-beveling is
necessary, all pipe ends shall be re-beveled using a mechanical end
preparation machine prior to production field welding. Machine oxygen cutting
at tie-in welds will be allowed in lieu of mechanical beveling only when it is
impractical to use mechanical cutting equipment. When a transition taper is
required, it shall be made using a mechanical end preparation machine.

6.3.2. When pipe ends are beveled in the field, this operation shall be done by
machining using a floating head cutter, or by machine oxygen cutting,
automatic or manual hand crank operated equipment. The finished bevel shall
be free of nicks or grooves and shall be essentially as shown in the WPS.

6.3.3. Manual oxygen cutting shall not be used for beveling ends of pipe for welding
unless it is impractical to use machinery or machine oxygen cutting
equipment. Such exceptions shall be made only with Company's approval.

6.3.4. The bevel surfaces, inside and outside surface of the pipe within 13 mm (1/2
inch) of the weld joint, shall be cleaned, just prior to welding, of all paint, dirt,
scale, rust, or other substances that may adversely affect the welding
operation or the quality of the finish weld.

6.4. Minimum Pipe Lengths

6.4.1. Pup joints of less than two pipe diameters in length cannot be welded into the
line without Company’s approval.

6.4.2. All pup joints 1.80 m (6 feet) or longer in length shall be promptly re-beveled,
cleaned, hauled ahead, and installed in the line. Contractor shall not allow
short pieces of pipe to accumulate, but shall move them ahead of the
stringing operation and weld them in the pipeline intermittently.

6.5. Miter Welds

6.5.1. Miter welds shall not be allowed. Deflections due to misalignment within
allowable tolerances defined in Code are acceptable.

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 6.6. Welding Process and Control

6.6.1. All production welding, including repair welding, shall be performed strictly
according to qualified, approved welding procedures and only by qualified
welders. Company reserves the right, at any time, to reject a welding
procedure which, in Company's opinion, will not consistently produce, or is
not producing, acceptable welds. The approved welding procedure shall be
adhered to at all times during welding. In the event that a change of essential
variables is requested by Contractor, a new procedure shall be developed at
Contractor's cost.

6.6.2. All equipment shall be in good working order and welding materials shall be
stored in a manner that will prevent damage from moisture or contamination
from oil, grease, or other deleterious elements. Any material not considered
usable by Company shall be replaced or repaired at Contractor's expense.

6.6.3. All welding on pipe, fittings, or related equipment shall be limited solely to the
weld joint. Ground leads shall be attached by mechanical pressure type
clamps only to the pipe or fitting materials being welded upon. Grounding
clamps shall be constructed of steel, of sufficient size to prevent overheating,
and shall be located in a manner which prevents arc burns on the pipe.
Contractor shall take necessary precautions to prevent arc burns between the
ground clamp and the work material, and the ground lead shall not be welded
directly to the pipe, fittings, or related equipment. All such "stray welds" or
ground clamp arc burns shall be considered arc burns under this Specification.

6.6.4. Welding process controls and precautions for maintaining the required weld
quality include, but are not limited to the following:

- Electrodes shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommended practice.

- All electrodes which have been exposed to an atmosphere which may

affect their operating characteristics or weld quality shall be discarded.

6.7. Prior to alignment:

6.7.1. The pipe shall be inspected by Contractor for defects which would impair the
service life of the pipeline.

6.7.2. Pipe containing discontinuities or defects shall be cut out as a cylinder and the
remaining end re-beveled.

6.7.3. Laminations found in the pipe wall shall require that portion of the pipe be cut
out as a cylinder and the ends re-beveled for welding.

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 6.7.4. Cracks found in the pipe wall shall require that portion of pipe containing the
crack be cut out as a cylinder and the remaining ends re-beveled for welding.

6.7.5. All dents shall be cut out as a cylinder.

6.7.6. Gouges, grooves, scratches, and notches having a depth greater than 12-
1/2% of the specified wall thickness, measured from the surface of the pipe,
shall be given one of the following dispositions:

a) The imperfection may be removed by grinding, provided the remaining wall

thickness is not reduced to less than 95% of the nominal wall thickness.

b) The length of the pipe containing the defect is cut out as a cylinder.

c) The complete length of pipe is rejected.

d) The disposition of damaged material, or material with surface imperfections,

shall be at Company’s discretion.

e) Laps, seam, slivers, laminations or other visual defects in the pipe bevel
which exceed 6.35 mm (1/4 inch) shall be removed by cutting out this
portion of the cylinder. Nonmetallic inclusions or separations less than
6.35 mm (1/4 inch) are acceptable if separated by 10 cm (4 inches) of
sound metal. A maximum of six (6) such defects in the full circumference
of one end of the pipe are allowed providing the combined length is less
than 25.4 mm (1 inch).

f) Bevel damage such as dents, gouges, or depressions shall be repaired if

their depth exceeds 1.6 mm (1/16 inch). Repairs shall be made by
grinding or filing only to smooth the defect into the existing bevel.
Damage which requires grinding to the point where the bevel may
be modified from the tolerances on the welding procedures
shall be rejected and the end shall be re-beveled.

g) The root face (land), if damaged, shall be restored to its original dimension
by filing or grinding. After grinding or filing, a straight edge shall be placed
along the surface of the original area. The maximum allowable gap is 0.8
mm (1/32 inch) over a length of 19 mm (3/4 inch).

h) Denting, restricted to the top edge of the bevel, shall be ground smooth and
shall not be rejected.

i) Each joint of pipe shall be swabbed (cleaned) with leather or canvas belt
disc of proper diameter to remove rust, dirt, loose mill scale, and other
foreign substances before being placed in alignment for welding. All
swabbing shall be satisfactory to Company.

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 j) Arc burns shall be removed by cutting out the area containing the arc
burn as a cylinder of pipe containing the arc burn. At Company's option,
visible evidence of arc burn may be repaired by grinding. Grinding shall
have a smooth contour and shall also remove the metallurgical notch
associated with arc burns. Removal of the notch shall be verified by
swabbing the ground area with a 20% solution of ammonium persulfate.
A blackened (brownish) spot is evidence that a metallurgical notch
remains and that additional grinding is necessary. The area will not be
acceptable until this etchant has no apparent effect on the area of
interest. The remaining wall thickness in the ground area shall be
verified by Company with an ultrasonic thickness gauge utilizing a
Kraut Kramer Branson Model DMX (or equal) and shall not be less than
87-1/2% of the nominal line pipe wall thickness. After the arc burn repair
is complete, the area exposed to ammonium persulfate shall be leaned
by flushing with water while rubbing. The cleaned area shall be dried with
a clean cloth. Contractor shall furnish all materials and equipment required
for arc burn repair.

6.8. Line Up and Fit up

6.8.1. Internal line-up clamps shall be used whenever possible. The clamps shall
remove out-of-roundness and shall provide a uniform joint fit up and (high-
low) which does not exceed 1.6 mm (1/16 inch).

6.8.2. Adjacent joint edges shall have a uniform spacing and root opening
throughout the circumference of the joint. The spacing shall be in
accordance with the approved welding procedure.

6.8.3. Movement of the pipe welding of the root bead shall be avoided. When an
internal line-up clamp is used for achieving alignment, Company will require
that it be held firmly in position until the root pass is 100% complete and the
pipe has been properly supported.

6.8.4. Longitudinal seams in adjacent lengths of longitudinal welded pipe shall be

offset by a minimum of 45o and shall be located in the upper quadrant of the
pipe, except at over bends and sag bends where the longitudinal seams are
at right angles to bend direction.

6.8.5. External line-up clamps shall only be used where it is proved to be impractical
to use an internal clamp. The external line-up clamp shall not be released
until the pipe is properly supported to prevent movement of the joint and a
minimum of 50% of the root bead is complete, in approximately equal
segments, uniformly spaced around the circumference of the pipe. However,
when conditions make it difficult to prevent movement of the pipe, or if the
weld is unduly stressed because of heavy wall thickness, etc., the root bead
shall be welded as completely as possible before releasing the clamp.

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 6.8.6. Cold springing or heating of the pipe to force expansion or angular deflection
during alignment of the weld joint shall be prohibited. Hammering should be
kept to a minimum and only non-ferrous flathead hammers shall be used.
No hammering shall be allowed after welding commences.

6.8.7. When welding valves into the line, gate, globe, and check valves shall be in
the closed position and ball valves shall be in the open position. Valves shall
be installed and welded with strict adherence to the valve manufacturer’s
recommendations.

6.8.8. The inside surface misalignment at the weld joint should not exceed 1.6 mm
(1/16 inch). When misalignment exceeds 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) due to wall
thickness differences, one of the following shall apply:

a) The pipe or fitting with a smaller inside diameter shall be tapered on the
inside surface with a slope of not greater that 1:4. Tapering shall be
accomplished with an H&M internal beveling machine or equal.

b) Or, with Company’s approval, the joint may be welded and then back
welded to eliminate all inadequate penetration due to high-low and produce
a smooth transition between the two sides of the weld joint with a maximum
slope of 1:4. All such back welding shall be subject to requirements of
Paragraphs 6.19 and 6.25 of this Specification, and shall be performed in
accordance with the approved back welding WPS.

c) The minimum distance between adjacent girth welds shall be a minimum of

one pipe diameter or 750 mm, whichever the least.

6.9. Weld Joint Cleaning

6.9.1. The beveled weld joint and the inside surfaces at the end of each pipe to be
field welded shall be cleaned for a minimum distance of 40 mm immediately
prior to welding by a technique approved by the Company Representative.
All traces of foreign material shall be removed from the weld area prior to
welding.

6.10. Welding Equipment

6.10.1. Welding equipment used for field welding shall be maintained in good working
condition and have the same performance capabilities as that which was used
to qualify the welding procedure. Welding equipment shall be of a size and
type suitable for the work and shall be maintained to ensure acceptable welds,
continuity of operation, and safety of personnel. Any machine which is not
performing satisfactorily shall be removed from service and repaired or
replaced.

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 6.11. Filler Material Requirements

6.11.1. The specific grade and type of welding electrode used during construction
shall be as described in the approved welding procedure.

6.12. Weld Joint Clearance

6.12.1. When the pipe is welded aboveground, a minimum clearance of 400 mm (16
inches) shall be provided. When the pipe is welded in the ditch, the bell hole
shall be of sufficient size to provide the welding personnel with ready access to
the joint for all welding operations.

6.13. Preheating and Post heating of Welds

6.13.1. Preheating and post heating of welds shall be as specified in the approved
welding procedure. If preheating is required, the procedure shall specify the
type of preheating to be used during construction. The heating method shall
be subject to Company approval.

6.13.2. When preheat is a part of the procedure, temperature reading shall be taken
using temperature indicating crayons or direct reading pyrometers.
Measurements shall be made at four locations, 90o apart, on each side of the
weld joint. The location shall be 10 cm (4 inches) apart from the weld joint
centerline. Maximum temperature differential between any two points shall
not exceed 10oC (50oF). Company may request that the temperature be
rechecked as many times as necessary throughout welding to assure the
preheating requirements are maintained. In any event preheat shall be
performed in accordance with the following:

a) Ambient temperature is 4˚C or below

b) Welding pipe to fitting or fitting to fitting

c) For any reason material being welded are wet and moist

d) Welding on any materials with a wall thickness of 12.7 mm (0.5 inch) or

over

e) On all repair welds except for recapping or back welding

f) When, for any reason, Company feels it is necessary to alleviate existing

conditions that would limit the welding technique or adversely affect the
quality of the weld.

6.13.3. When the welding operation is interrupted, or when environmental conditions

may cause uneven or accelerated cooling of the finished weld, the joint shall

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 be wrapped with an insulation protective material. For interrupted welding
operations, the weld joint shall be reheated, when preheat is required by the
WPS, before welding recommences.

6.13.4. All welding on side of pipe, branch connections, reinforcing saddles, couplings,
etc., are to be preheated along with the parent pipe before welding. The
indicated temperature shall be measured at least 10 cm (4 inches) apart from
the weld joint.

6.14. Hot Pass and Filler Pass Requirements

6.14.1. In all joints welded by the vertical down technique, the hot pass shall be
started within 5 minutes after completion of the root pass. The first filler
(second hot pass) shall be applied as soon as possible, usually max. of 15
minutes.

6.15. Tack Welds

6.15.1. The practice of tack welding pipe for subsequent weld out at a later date shall
not be permitted. Tack welding of grounding clamps and other devices to the
pipe shall not be permitted.

6.16. Filler and Finish Beads

6.16.1. The completed weld shall have a uniform cross section around the entire
circumference of the pipe.

6.16.2. At no point shall the weld crown (cap pass) surface be below the outside
surface of the pipe, nor should it be raised above the parent metal by more
than 1.6 mm (1/16 inch). Two beads shall not be started at the same location,
and the face of the completed weld should be approximately 3.2 mm (1/8 inch)
greater than the width of the original groove. The completed weld shall be
thoroughly brushed and cleaned.

6.16.3. At the completion of each shift or workday, all welds that have been started
shall be completed to at least one-half the pipe wall thickness at the weld joint.
All tie-in welds shall be 100% completed by end of shift or workday.
Additionally, the quantity of partially completed welds shall be limited to less
than 25% of the total production for that day.

6.17. Interpass Cleaning and Removal of Visual Defects

6.17.1. Each pass of the weld metal shall be cleaned of slag or remaining flux using
hand power tools before a further pass is applied.

6.17.2. Visible defects such as slag cavities, cold laps, and other deposition faults

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 shall be removed by grinding.

6.17.3. Clusters of surface porosity, starts and stops and high points shall be removed
by grinding.

6.17.4. No two weld beads shall be started at the same location.

6.18. Stray Arcs

6.18.1. Arcs shall be struck on fusion faces, and accidental contact of the electrode or
of the non-insulated parts of electrode holders with the outer surface of the
pipe is prohibited.

6.19. Internal and External Pipe Coating Protection

6.19.1. During internal back welding, if necessary, internal pipe coating, if applied,
shall be protected from weld splatter and mechanical abrasion. When the
pipe has thin film coating, the pipe coating shall be protected from weld
splatter, sparks, etc., on at least the top 1/3 of the pipe diameter for at least 2
feet (60 cm) on each side of the weld joint using fireproof blankets or suitable
protective material.

6.20. Tie-In Welds

6.20.1. Once started, tie-in welds shall be completed without interruption.

6.21. Identification of Welders

6.21.1. Each welder shall mark the section of a weld for which he has been
responsible with the identification assigned to him using a weatherproof
crayon. Marking devices that contain oils, waxes, or other material harmful to
pipe or coatings shall not be used.

6.21.2. The welder identification system shall be issued by Contractor and approved
by Company prior to construction.

6.21.3. When a welder is terminated from the work, his identification shall not be used
again.

6.22. Housekeeping

6.22.1. Contractor shall ensure that all welding rods are continuously picked up as
the work progresses and shall ensure no welding rods are left in the wet and
humid place.

6.23. Visual Weld Inspection

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 6.23.1. Visual inspection of all welds shall be conducted to ensure that the welding is
performed in accordance with the approved welding procedure and the
welding meets the requirements of this Specification, including Section 6 of
API 1104, latest approved edition.

6.24. Radiographic Welding Inspection

6.24.1. All girth welds in gas piping systems shall be subject to nondestructive
inspection by inspection rates discussed with Company.

6.24.2. Radiograph shall be the primary method of inspection; however, Company

may substitute or supplement radiography with other nondestructive methods.

6.24.3. Contractor shall be solely responsible for coordinating inspection work with
construction activities. Inspection functions shall be performed to maintain
overall production with the welding operation. Company will notify
Contractor of the disposition of weld as soon as practical after inspection.

6.24.4. Contractor shall plan his work activities to allow reasonable time to perform
inspection as requested by Company. Welds shall remain free of paint, dirt,
and coating materials until inspection is complete.

6.24.5. The procedure for radiographic examination shall be in accordance with

Company Specification as well as international standards.

6.24.6. The Company may arrange the Company’s technician or welding engineer to
review or audit the film. If the Company decides not to review the film,
official interpretation should be performed by ASNT Level III technician based
on API 1104. Repairs shall be to the Contractor’s account.

6.24.7. At the discretion of the Company, random ultrasonic examination, in

accordance with Company Specification as well as international standards,
may be performed on pipeline girth welds. Based on this inspection, the
Company may require destructive testing of selected welds. If the welds
have some defects deviated from acceptance criteria and fail to meet the
APR 1104 and this Specification, they shall be repaired at the Contractor’s
cost and ultrasonic examination shall be additionally expanded.

6.25. Standard of Acceptability

6.25.1. The standard of acceptability for radiographic film interpretation shall be the
latest adopted edition of API 1104, Section 9.

6.25.2. Welds which do not meet the acceptance standards of this Specification shall
be cut out at the Contractor’s expense by removing a cylinder of pipe
containing the weld, or with Company’s prior approval, repaired, except that

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 repairs to the finish pass may be made without Company’s approval.
Pinholes along the edge of the cap shall be stripped or recapped. Spotting
of pinholes shall not be allowed.

6.26. Production Weld Qualification

6.26.1. At the discretion of the Company, production welds may be cut out and tested
to confirm the adequacy of the approved welding procedures under field
construction conditions.

Micro Hardness Testing

a) Hardness: Hardness readings shall be in accordance with ASTM A370.

Once cross section of the weld shall be removed and micro hardness
tested. Three traverses shall be performed:

- Once across the root pass

- One at the midsection

- One through the cover pass, with test surveys being taken in the base
metal, heat affected zone, and weld metal

The hardness shall be determined using the Brinell Method according to

ASTM E10. The maximum hardness shall not exceed Brinell 237 (equivalent
hardness on other scales are Rockwell HRC-22)

6.27. Disqualification of Welders

6.27.1. A welder, or welding operator, who makes a weld which fails to comply with
the requirements of this Specification, may be disqualified from welding at the
discretion of the Company Representative. Once disqualified, a welder could
apply the welding test after certain period of time given by Company.

6.28. Weld Defect Removal, Repair, and Testing

6.28.1. Weld defects, except cracks, which are detected in the root and filler beads
may be ground out. Correction of an individual bead during its deposition
prior to additional welding is not considered a repair. A weld that does not
meet the requirements of this Specification may be repaired in accordance
with a Company approved WPS, providing the following conditions are met:

- There are no cracks in the weld other than star shaped crater cracks 4 mm
(5/32 inch) or less in length. Shallow crater cracks less than 4 mm (4/32
inch) in total length as defined in Paragraph 6.3.10 of API 1104, latest
edition, are not considered cracks under this Specification.

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 - All crater cracks which are oriented in the longitudinal direction with
respect to the weld shall be cut out regardless of length.

- The segment of the weld to be repaired was not previously repaired.

- The maximum length of a single defect is less than 300 mm (12 inches), or
the total combined length of all defects in a single weld is less than 500
mm (20 inches).

6.28.2. A cylinder of the pipe containing the weld must be removed and the ends re-
beveled whenever the following conditions exist:
- The weld contains one or more cracks and is cut out.

- The weld is not acceptable and is not repaired but cut out.

- A repair was made and the repaired area fails to meet the acceptance
criteria and is cut out.

6.28.3. All repaired areas shall be re-inspected visually, re-radiographed, and meet
the requirements of this Specification. If Company provides radiography
services, Company request Contractor the back charges for repair of X-rays.

6.28.4. Cut outs and repairs shall be made as soon as practical after Company
notifies Contractor of rejectable welds. Once started, repair welds shall be
completed by end of shift or workday. Weld repair methods shall include the
following:

- Before the repairs are made, such defects shall be entirely removed to
clean metal or grinding, in a manner acceptable to the Company. All
slag and scale shall be removed by wire brushing. Air arc gouging and
flame gouging shall not be used to remove defects, except for certain
defects in fabrication welds which shall be performed under the direction
of Company Representative.

- Preheating of such repair areas shall be required to a minimum of 93°C

(200°F) and the preheat shall be maintained during repair welding.
Temperature shall be checked by use of temperature indicating crayons.
Indicated temperature shall be measured at least at 4 inches apart from
the weld joint.

- All repair cavities shall be ground not less than 25.4 mm (1 inch) either
side. All repairs shall be made with a minimum of two (2) passes. The
start and stop of repair passes shall not be superimposed over the start
and stop of the preceding repair pass. The start and stop each repair

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 pass shall be ground smooth. The completed repair shall be ground to
conform to the original cover pass.

- In addition to radiographic re-examination of back weld repairs, a visual

inspection by Company of back welded repairs, and the inside of the pipe
traversed by the welder, shall be mandatory.

6.28.5. Repairs to the weld root bead from the inside of the pipe, when approved by
Company, shall be made strictly in accordance with the following
requirements:

- Prior to back welding, all foreign substances and slag shall be removed
from the inside surface of the weld area by power wire brushing. All back
welding shall require preheat applied from the pipe O.D. surface.

- Contractor shall take the necessary precautions to ensure that no arcing

occurs between the ground lead or electrode holder and the pipe or
fittings. Striking an arc at any point other than the weld root bead shall
not be permitted.

- The ground lead shall not be connected at any time when the welder is
moving through the pipe. It shall only be connected when the welder is
in position to weld, and it shall be removed immediately upon completion
of the weld.

- Back welding shall not be allowed beyond one pipe length in a string of
welded pipe.

6.29. Quality Control

6.29.1. Welding inspections shall be performed in accordance with API 1104, Section
5 & 6. Inspection personnel shall be, or have been, a Certified Welding
Inspector per AWS QC-1 (minimum requirement). All nondestructive
examination personnel shall be certified in accordance with ASNT-TC-1A.
Radiographic film interpreters shall be Level II, minimum.

6.30. Internal Cleaning

6.30.1. Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring the line remains free of water,
obstructions, small animals, etc., throughout construction. The open ends of
the line shall be securely closed with a suitable cover (night cap) of about the
same diameter as the pipe and placed on skids above the ditch at the end of
each day’s work. The line shall not be reopened until work commences.
Tie-in sections shall be suitably covered when work on them is interrupted.

6.30.2. Each joint of pipe shall be properly cleaned by swabbing prior to the

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 alignment and welding of the pipe. Only swabs, brushes, or other such
apparatus acceptable to Company shall be used inside the pipe. The pipe
shall be cleaned of all dirt and debris to the satisfaction of the Company.

6.30.3. Contractor shall use all reasonable precautions to keep the pipeline free from
dust, dirt, debris, welding splatter, or any other foreign matter during the work.
At the end of each day’s work, all open ends of welded sections of pipe shall
be capped with a device acceptable to Company to prevent entry of such
foreign matter. Where temporary gaps are left in the pipeline, the open ends
of the welded pipe sections to either side of the gap shall be similarly capped
and the caps properly kept in place until such gaps are completed.

6.30.4. The pipeline shall be cleaned after backfill except for Major River crossing
which shall be cleaned before tie-in and other locations which shall be
cleaned when designated during construction. The cleaning shall be done
prior to the final pressure testing of the line. Where practicable, short pipe
section at river and road crossings, tie-ins, replacement sections, valve
locations, etc., may be manually cleaned. Manual cleaning may take place
prior to backfill at these special locations.

7. ATTACHMENTS

Not Applicable

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