Based on advance reinforced concrete design by K. RAJU example 6.

3
DESIGN OF INTZE WATER TANK
Name of work:- pkn
1 Tank capacity 1000000 Ltr. 1000 m3
2 Height of tower from G.L. 16.00 mtr Foudation from G.L. 1.00 mtr
3 Live load on Dome 1.50 kN/m2 Finishes load 0.1 kN/m2
3 Intencity of wind 1.50 kN/m2 wt of water 10 kN/m3
4 Noumber of columns 8 No. Bearing capcity of earth 250 kN/m2
4 Conrete M 20 unit weight 24 kN/m3
scc 5 N/mm2 m 13
scb 7 N/mm2 Q 0.897
5 Steel HYSD fy 415 Tensile stress (Tank) 150 N/mm2
Resistance to cracking sct 1.2 N/mm2 scb 1.7 N/mm2
6 Nominal Cover 25 mm Effective Cover 40 mm
7 Depth / diameter Ratio 1: 0.7 Spacing of Bracing 4.00 mtr
8 Reinforcement
Top Dome (main / distri. ) 8 mm F 160 mm c/c both way
Top Ring Beam (B1) 12 mm F 8 Nos.
two ledge srirrups 8 mm F 300 mm c/c
Vertical wall
2 m from top hoop ring 10 mm F 190 mm c/c both side
4 m from top hoop ring 16 mm F 250 mm c/c both side
8 m from top hoop ring 20 mm F 190 mm c/c both side
2 m from top Distri. Steel 10 mm F 260 mm c/c both side
4 m from top Distri. Steel 10 mm F 170 mm c/c both side
8 m from top Distri. Steel 10 mm F 130 mm c/c both side
Bottom Ring Beam (B2)
Main 20 mm F 18 Nos.
Distri. Steel 10 mm F 150 mm c/c
Conical wall
Main 25 mm F 190 mm c/c
Distri. Steel 10 mm F 130 mm c/c
Bottom sperical Dome 10 mm F 120 mm c/c both side
Bottom circular girder(B3) Main top 25 mm F 6 Nos.
Vertical strirrups 12 mm F 110 mm c/c 4 Ledge
Main bottom 25 mm F 5 Nos. strirrup
Vertical strirrups 10 mm F 300 mm c/c 2 near
Ledge
Column supprting tower Main 32 mm F 8 Nos. supports
O.K.
strirrup
Latral 10 mm F 300 mm c/c near
Bracing main 25 mm F 4 Nos. at top and bottomsupports
strirrups 10 mm F 300 mm c/c 2 Ledge strirrup
Circular girder for Raft (B4) bottom 25 mm F 6 Nos.
top 25 mm F 3 Nos.
strirrups 12 mm F 130 mm c/c 4 Ledge strirrup
Raft Foundation slab main 25 mm F 200 mm c/c
Distribution 12 mm F 180 mm c/c

8 mm f @ 160 mm c/c Both side

100

2.00 m Bottom circular girder

300
 B1 6.00 m
12 mm f @ 8 Nos.
300 8 mm f @ 300 mm c/c
0m
200 10 mm f @ 190 mm c/c
mm 10 mm f @ 260 mm c/c
300 10 mm f @ 170 mm c/c
mm 16 mm f @ 250 mm c/c Braces
2m
20 mm f @ 190 mm c/c
4m
10 mm f @ 130 mm c/c
400
mm

20 mm f @ 18 Nos.
10 mm f @ 150 mm c/c 10 mm f
600 mm 300 mm c/c
32 mm f
300
8 mm c/c

Reinforcement Detail in r columns

25 mm f @
6 Nos. top 32 mm f 10 mm f
12 mm f @ 8 nos. 300 mm c/c
110 mmc/c.strirrup 1200
12 mm f @
6 Nos.both side
25 mm f @
5 Nos.bottom
Reinforcement detail in Intze Tank.
Reinforcement Detail in circular girder and Raft foundatio
y K. RAJU example 6.3
TANK
Top Dome
100 mm thick
Top Ring Beam
300 x 300
2.00 m

B1
12.00 m

8.00 m

Bottom Ring Beam Conocal Dom

1200 x 600 mm 600 mm thick
B2
Borrom sperical Dom 300 mm
2.00 m 25
1.60 m
Bottom 2.00 20
Circular Girder 8.00 M B3 16
600 x 1200 B3 0.00 m 12

Circular
Group of columns
Braces
650 mm dia 0.00 m

0.00 m

0.00 m
Circular
Girder for Raft B4 N.S.L.
750 X 1000 1.00 m
mm
1000
500
O.K. 3.00 5.00 m 250
11.00 m

Ledge strirrup

Ledge strirrup

25 mm f @
6 Nos. top

1200
10 mm f @
150 mm c/c strirrup
600
 Reiforcement in circular girder
columns

200 x 200
Fillet 10 mm f strirrup
300 mm c/c
500 25 mm f
4 nos.top
500
25 mm f
4 nos.Bottom
Reinfocement in Brace

25 mm f mm f
3 nos.top nos.top
12 mm f 25 mm f
130 mm c/c 6 nos.top
25 mm f 12 mm f
200 mm c/c 6 nos.top
ail in r columns

Cross -section of Bottom Ring girder

r girder and Raft foundation slab

15 94 20 62 33 45 18 43 20 41 20 40 18 40 16 34 16
DESIGN OF INTZE WATER TANK

Tank capacity 1000000 ltr or = 1000 m3

Height of tower from G.L. 16.0 m foundation from G.L. = 1.00 mtr
Live load on Dome 1.50 kN/m 2
Finishes load = 0.10 kN/m2
Intencity of wind 1.50 kN/m2 wt of water = 10 kN/mm3
Noumber of columns 8 No. Bearing capcity of e = 250 kN/m2
Conrete M- 20 wt. of concrete = 24 kN/mm3
scb 7 N/mm 2
m = 13
sct 5 N/mm 2
Q = 0.897
Steel HYSD fy 415 N/mm 2
Tensile stess = 150 N/mm2
Resistance to cracking scb 1.2 N/mm 2
scb = 1.7 N/mm2
Nominal cover 25 mm Effective cover = 35 mm

2 Design Constants:-For HYSD Bars Cocrete M = 20 wt. of concrete = 24 kN/mm3

for water Tank sst = 150 N/mm2 sst = 230 N/mm2
scb = 7 N/mm2 m = 13
k= 0.378 k= 0.283
J= 0.874 J= 0.906
R = 1.156 R= 1.669
3 Dimention of tank:-
D = Inside diameter of tank Assuming the average depth = 0.70 D
We have, pxD 2
x 0.70 D = 1000 m3 D "= 12.207 Say 12.00
4
\ Height of cylindrical portion of tank = 0.70 x 12.21 = 8.00 m
Depth of conical Dome D/5 or D/6 = 12.00 / 6 = 2.00 m
Diameter of supporting tower = 8 m
Spacing of bracing = 4 m

4 Design of top dome :-

Thickness of dome slab = 100 mm or = 0.10 m
Self load of dome = 0.10 x 1 x 1 x 24 = 2.4 kN/m2
Live load = 1.50 kN/m2
finishes = 0.10 kN/m2
Total load = 4.00 kN/m2

If R = radious of dome D = diameter of Tank = 12.00 m r = central rise = D/6=

D/22+r2 6.00 2+ 2.00 2

the radius rtop is given by, R = = or = 10.00 m
2r 2 x 2.00
cos f = 8 / 10.00 = 0.80 or f = 37 degree
p xR1 4.00 x 10.00 =
Maridianal thrust at edge 'T'= = 22.20 N/m
1 + cosf 1 + 0.80
 1.00 1.00
Circumferential force =wR cose f - = 4.00 x 10.00 x 0.80 - = 9.78
cos f 1.80
22.20 x 1000
Maridianal Stress = = 0.22 N/mm2 < 5 N/mm2
100 x 1000
9.78 x 1000
Hoop stress = = 0.10 N/m2 < 5.00 N/mm2
1000 x 100
The stress are with in safe limit. However provide minimum reinforcement @ 0.3 % of area in each direction.
0.3
\ Ast = x 1000 x 100 = 300 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / 300 = 167 say = 160 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 160 mm c/c in both circumferenially and meridionanlly.

5 Design of top ring Beam :-

T1 cos f- D 22.20 x 0.800 x 12.00
Hoop tension'=F1= = = 106.60
2 2
Permissible stress in high yield strenth deformed bars = 150 N/mm2,
106.60 x 1000
Ast = = 711 mm2
150
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 711 / 113 = 7 No. say 8.0
Hence Provided 8 No. 12 mm F Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast = 8 x 113 = 904 mm2
If Ac = cross section of ring beam Equivelent area of composite section of beam
106.60 x 1000
= 1.2 , \ Ac = 77077 mm2
Ac + m x 904
Provide ring beam 300 x 300 = 90000 mm2
Provide 8 mm f strirrups @ 300 mm c/c to tie the 8 x 12 mm f ring beam.

6 Design of Cylendrical Tank wall :-

Since dome roof has been design on membrane the analysis, the tank wall may be assumed
to be free on top and bottom, Maximum hoop tension occurs at the base of wall,
wHD 10 x 8.00 x 12.00
Maximum hoop tension at base= = = 480 kN/m height
2 2
Area of ring Req. = 480000 / 150 = 3200
mm2 per meter height or 1600 mm2 both side
2.00 x 3200
To resist the hoop tension at 2 mtere below top, Ash = 800.0 mm2
8
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
1000 x 78.5
\ spacing of 10 mm f rings = = 196 mm
800.0 / 2
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 190 mm c/c both direction from top 0 to 2
4.00 x 3200
To resist the hoop tension at 4 mtere below top, Ash = 1600 mm2
8
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
1000 x 201
\ spacing of 16 mm f rings = = 251 mm
 \ spacing of 16 mm f rings = = 251 mm
1600 / 2
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 250 mm c/c both direction from top 2 to 4
8.00 x 3200
To resist the hoop tension at 8 mtere below top, Ash = 3200 mm2
8
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
1000 x 314
\ spacing of 20 mm f rings = = 196 mm
3200 / 2
Hence Provided 20 mm F bar, @ 190 mm c/c both direction from top 4 to 8
1000 x 314
Actual , Ast = 2 x = 3305 mm2
190
The spacing of ring may be increased towards the top, since pressure varies lineearly
Using a tensile stress of 1.2N/mm2 for the the combined section ,
480 x 1000
thickness T is given by= = 1.2
1000 T + ( 13 x 3305 )
\ From which T = 360 mm say = 400 mm
Hence provided = 400 mm, at bottom and 200 mm at top Av thickness =
Distribution reinforcement
0.30
At top , Ast = x 200 x 1000 = 600 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 300 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 300 = 260 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 260 mm c/c both direction from top 0 to 2
0.30
At middle , Ast = x 300 x 1000 = 900 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 450 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 450 = 170 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 170 mm c/c both direction from top 2 to 4
0.30
At bottom , Ast = x 400 x 1000 = 1200 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 600 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 600 = 130 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 130 mm c/c both direction from top 4 to 8
Keep clear cover 25
7 Design of Bottom Ring Beam :-
Load on ring beam:
(A) Load due to top dome = (Meridional trust x sin f )
= 22.20 x sin 37 = 22.20 x 0.602 = 13.36 kN/m
(B) Load due to top ring beam = 0.30 x 0.30 x 24 = 2.16 kN/m
© Load due to cylendrical wall = 0.30 x 8.00 x 24 = 57.6 kN/m
(D) Self load of Ring beam
 Assuming Beam 1.20 x 0.60 = 1.20 x 0.60 x 24 = 17.28 kN/m
Total = 90.40 kN/m say 91.00 kN/m
Horizontal force = H = V1 cot f = 91.00 x 1 = 91.00 kN/m
\ Hoop tension Hg =((H x D )/2 =( 91.00 x 12.00 )/ 2.00 = 546 kN/m
Hoop Tension due to water pressure =(( wh.d.D)/2 )
Hw =( 10.00 x 8.00 x 0.60 x 12.00 ) / 2 = 288 kN/m
Total Hoop tension = Hg + Hw = 546 + 288.0 = 834.00 kN/m
This to be rested entirely by steel hoops, the area of which is A sh= 834 x 1000 / 150 =
3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 5560 / 314 = 18 No. say 18
Hence Provided 18 No. 20 mm F Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast = 18 x 314 = 5652 mm2
834 x 1000 1.05 N/mm2
Stress in equivalent section = =
1200 x 600 + 13 x 5652 Hence safe
The 10 mm f distribution bars (vertical bars) provided in the wall @ 150 mm c/c should taken
round the above ring to act as strirrups.

8 Design of conical dome wall :-

Avrage diameter of conical dome = ( 12.00 + 8.00 ) / 2 =
Avrage depth of water = 8.00 + 2.00 / 2 =
Weight of water above conical dome = 3.140 x 10.00 x 9.00 x 2.00 x 10 =
Self weight of slab ( 600 mm thick = 3 x 10.00 x 2.83 x 0.6 x 24 =
Load from top dome,top beam, wall & bottom beam = = 3.14 x 12.00 x 91.00 =
\ Total load on conical slab = 10360 kN
Load / unit Length V2 = 10360 / ( 3.14 x 8.00 )= 413
Meridional thrust = T = V2 x Cosec f = 413 xcosec 45 = 413 x 1.414 = 584
Meridional Stress = 584 x 1000 ) /( 600 x 1000 )= 0.97 < 5.00 N/mm2
Hoop tension in conical dome will be maximum at top of the conical dome slab since diameter D is maximum
at this section. Hoop tension = H =( p.cosec f + q. cot f ) . D/2
Water pressure = p = 10.00 x 8.00 = 80.00 kN/m2
Weight of conical dome slab per m2 is computed as, q= 0.6 x 24 = 14.4 kN/m2
f= 45 Degree D = 12 m
\ H = 80.00 x cosec 45 + 14.4 x cot 45 x D /2
=( 80.00 x 1.4142 + 14.4 x 1 )x 12.00 / 2 = 765

Whole of which is to be resisted by steel, As = 765000 / 150 = 5100 mm2

\ Area of each face = 5100 / 2 = 2550 mm 2

3.14xdia 2
3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 25 mm f bars = 1000 x 491 / 2550 = 190 mm c/c
Hence Provided 25 mm F bar, @ 190 mm c/c on each face of the slab
1000 x 491
Actual , Ast = 2 x = 5164 mm2
190
0.20
At bottom , Ast = x 600 x 1000 = 1200 mm2
100
 Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 600 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 600 = 130 mm c/c
Hence Provided = 10 mm F bar, @ 130 mm c/c on both face along the meridions.
765 x 1000 1.15 N/mm2
Maximim tenssile stress = =
600 x 1000 + 13 x 5164 Hence safe

9 Design of Bottom Sperical Dome:-

Thickness of Dom slab is assume = 300 mm
Diameter at base of slab = D = 8.00 m
Central rise (1/5 x D) = 1.6 m
If R = radious of dome D = diameter of base = 8.00 m r = central rise = D/5=
D/22+r2 4.00 2+ 1.60 2
the radius is given by, R = = or R = 5.80 m
2r 2 x 1.60
Self weight of Dome slab = 2x 3.14 x 5.800 x 1.60 x 0.300 x 24.00 = 420.00
Volume of water above the dome is =
6.28 x 5.80 2
x 1.60 3.14 x
= 3.14 x 4.00 (
2
10.0 )- -
3.00 3.00
( 5.80 - 1.60 ) = 460

\ Weight of water = 460.0 x 10.00 = 4600 kN

\ Total load on dome = 420.0 + 4600 = 5020 kN
Load / unit Length V2 = 5020 / ( 3.14 x 16.00 )= 100
Meridional thrust = T = wR/1+cosf cos f = 4.20 / 5.80 = 0.724 \ f =
100 x 5.80
\ T2 = = 337.00 kN/m
1 + 0.724
Meridional Stress = 337.00 x 1000 ) /( 300 x 1000 )= 1.12 < 5.00 N/mm2
1
Circumferential force = wR x cos f -
1+ cosf
1
wR = 100 x 5.80 x 0.724 - = 83.60 kn/m
1.724
\ Hoop strss =( 83.60 x 1000 ) /( 300 x 1000 )= 0.28 < 5.00 N/mm2
0.30
Provide nominal reinforcement = x 300 x 1000 = 900 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 79 / 650 = 121 say = 120 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 120 mm c/c curmferentially and along the meridions.

10 Design of Bottom Circilar Girder :-

Thurst from the conical dome T 1 = 413.00 kN/m
Acting at angle of a = 45 Degree
Thrust from sperical dome T2 = 337.00 kN/m
Acting at angle of b = 44.50 Degree
Net horizontal force on ring beam = T1 cos a - T2 cos b
 Net horizontal force on ring beam = 413.0 x 0.707 - 337.0 x 0.713 = 51.71
Hoop compression in the beam = 51.71 x 8 / 2.00 = 206.84
Assuming size of ring beam 600 x 1200 mm

\ Hoop strss =( 206.84 x 1000 ) /( 600 x 1200 )= 0.29 < 5.00 N/mm2
Vertical load on ring beam =( T1 sin a + T2 sin b )
= 413.0 x 0.707 + 337.0 x 0.701 = 529 kN/m
Self weight of Beam = 0.60 x 1.200 x 24.00 = 18.00 kN/m
\ Total Load 547.0 kN/m
Total design load on the Ring girder = W = 3.14 x D x w
W = 3.14 x 8.000 x 547 13741
= kN
The circular girder supported on 8 column. Using the moment cofficient given in table 4.1
Maximum negative bending moment on supports = 0.0083 x wR
M = 0.0083 x 13741 x 4.00 = 457
Maximum Positive B.M. at mid span section = 0.0041 x wR
= 0.0041 x 13741 x 4.00 = 226
Maximum Torsional moment = 0.0006 x wR
= 0.0006 x 13741 x 4.00 = 33
Shear force at suppoprt section is = V = (w.R.p/4)/2 = 547.0 x 4 x 0.79 )/ 2 = 859
Shear force at section of maximum torsion is (At an angle of 12.75 degree from higher support)
V = 859 -( 547.0 x 3.14 x 4 x 12.75 )/ 180 = 373
Design of support section M = 457 V = 859 kN
457 x 1000000
\ d = = 934 mm
0.874 x 600
Provide depth = 1200 mm cover = 50 mm Afective depth = 1150
Mc 457 x 1000000
Ast = = = 3031 mm2
sst. j.d 150 x 0.874 x 1150
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 3031 / 491 = 6 No.
Actual , Ast = 6x 491 = 2944 mm2
859 x 1000
tv = = 1.24 N/mm2
600 x 1150
100 Ast 100 x
2944
% of steel used = = = 0.427 % \ tc = 0.27 N/mm2
bxd 600 x
1150
Since tc < Tv 0.27 < 1.24 Shear reinforcement required
0.27x 600 x 1150
Shear taken by concrete = = 186 kN
1000
Balance shear = 859 - 186 = 673 kN
Using 12 mm f 4 legged strirups, spacing is,
150 x 4 x 113.04 x 1150
sv = = 116 mm
673 x 1000
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 110 mm c/c center near supports.
Design of mid span section:-
Mc 226 x 1000000
Ast = = = 1499 mm2
sst. j.d 150 x 0.874 x 1150
0.30
But minimum area of steel is = x 600 x 1200 = 2160 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
 No.of Bars = 2160 / 491 = 5 No.
Actual , Ast = 5 x 491 = 2453 mm2
226 x 1000
tv = = 0.33 N/mm2
600 x 1150
100 Ast 100 x 2453
% of steel used = = = 0.356 % \ tc = 0.25 N/mm2
bxd 600 x 1150
Since tc < Tv 0.25 < 0.33 Shear reinforcement required
0.25 x 600 x 1150
Shear taken by concrete = = 173 kN
1000
Balance shear = 226 - 173 = 54 kN
Using 10 mm f 2 legged strirups, spacing is,
150 x 2 x 78.5 x 1150
sv = = 506 mm say 500
54 x 1000
But Sv > 0.75d or 300 mm whichever is less = 0.75 x 1150 = 863 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F , 2 legged strirrups @ 300 mm c/c .
Design of section subject to maximum torsion:-
T =
33.00 kN D = 1200 mm d =
V =
373 kN b = 600 mm M =
1+D/b 1+ 1200 / 600
Mt = T = 33.00 = 59.00 kN.m
1.7 1.7
\ Me1 = (M+M1) = 0 + 59.00 = 59.00 kN.m
Mc 59 x 1000000
Ast = = = 391 mm2
sst. j.d 150 x 0.874 x 1150
0.30
But minimum area of steel is = x 600 x 1200 = 2160 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 2160 / 491 = 5 No.
Actual , Ast = 5 x 491 = 2453 mm2
33.00
Equivalent shear = Ve = V+1.6T/b = 373 + 1.6 x = 461 kN
0.6
Ve 461 x 1000
Tve = = = 0.668 N/mm2
bd 600 x 1150
100 Ast 100 x 2453
% of steel used = = = 0.356 % \ tc = 0.25 N/mm2
bxd 600 x 1150
Since tc < Tv 0.25 < 0.67 Shear reinforcement required
Using 12 mm f 4 legged strirups,with side cover of 25mm and top and bottom cover of 50mm
Asv . Asv 4 x 113.04 x 150
Spacing sv = = = 270 mm
Tv-Tc)b 0.668 - 0.25 ) x 600
Hence Provided 12 mm F , 4 legged strirrups @ 270 mm c/c .

11 Design of columns of supporting tower :-

The tank is supported on 8 columns, symemetrically placed on a circle of
mean diameter . Height of staging above ground level is 16.0 m. Let us assume the height of bracing is
4.00 mt . Hence 3 Panels of 4.00 m height each and 1 panel of 4.00 m height.
 Let the columns is connected to raft foundation by means of a ring beam. The top of which is provided at
1.00 meter below the ground level, so that the actual height of bottom pannel is 5.00 m height
load on columns
Vertical load on each column = 13741 / 8 = 1718
Self weight of column diameter mm 650 = 0.785 x 0.65 2x 16 x 24.0 = 128
height meter 16
weight of bracing ( 500 x 500 ) = 3 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 3.14 x 24.0 =
Total vertical load on each column = 1903
Wind force on column
Intensity of wind pressure = 1.50 kN/m2 Reduction coffiecent of circular shape =
(a) wind force on top of dome and culendrical wall.
= 9.00 x 12.00 x 0.70 x 1.50 x =
(b) Wind force on conical dome= 2.00 x 10.00 x 0.70 x 1.50 x =
(c ) Wind force on bottom ring beam 1.2 x 8.00 x 0.70 x 1.50 x =
(d) wind force on 5 no. column= 5 x 0.65 x 0.70 x 1.50 x 16.0 =
(e) wind force in bracing = 0.5 x 8.00 x 3 x 1.50 =
Total Horizontal force =
Assuming contraflexure point at mid height of columns and fixidity at base due to raft foundation, the
moment at the base columns is computed as M= 219 x 4.00 / 2 = 438
If M1 =Moment at the base of columns due to wind load
=( 114 x 0 + 21 x 0 + 11 x 0.00 + 6 x
+ 6 x -8.00 + 6 x -12.00 ) = -144 kN.m
If V = Reaction devloped at the base of exterior columns
V V 4 2

M1 = S M + S r2 = -144 + x 2 x 4 2
+ 4 x
r1 4 2
= -144 + V x 16
\ V = -144 / 16 = -9
\ Total load on leeward column at base = 1903 + -9 = 1894
Moment in each column in the base = 438 / 8 = 55.0
Reinforcement in column ;-
Axial load = P = 1894 kN
Bending moment = M = 55.0 kN.m
55.0 x 1000000
eccentricity = (M/P) = = 29.04 mm
1000 x 1894
Since eccentricity is small, direct stress are predominent.
Using 8 bars of 32 mm f and latral tis of 10 mm f at 300 mm c/c
Ast = 8 x 0.785 x 32 x 32.00 = 6431
AC = 0.785 x 650 2+( 1.50 x 13 x 6431 ) = 457067
moment of ineria, le = 0.785 x 325 4+( 1.50 x 13 )x 4 x 804 x 275 2+
4 x 804 x ( 275 / 1.414 )2
= 8757962890.625 +( 19.5 )x( 243210000 + 3216 x 37812.5
= 8757962890.625 + 4742595000 + 121605000
= 13622162890.625 mm4
1894 x 1000
Direct compressve stress = s'cc = = 4.14 N/mm2
457067
 55.0 x 1000 x 1000 x 325
Bending stress = s'cb = = 1.31 N/mm2
13622162890.625
Permissible stress in concrete is increased by 33.33% while considering wind effect.
s'cc s'cb 4.14 1.31
= + < 1 or +
scc scb 5 x 1.33 7 x 1.33
= 0.62313 + 0.1409 = 0.76
= 0.76 < 1
12 Design of Bracing :-
Moment In Brace = 2 x Moment in column x (2)0.5 = 2 x 55.0 x
= 156.00 kN.m
Section of braces = 500 x 500 mm
\ b = 500 mm and d = 450 mm
Moment of resistance of section is
M1 = 0.897 x 500 x 450 =
2 90821250 or 91.00 kN.m
Balance moment = M1 - M2 = 156.00 - 91.00 = 65.00 kN.m
Mc 91 x 1000000
Ast1 = = = 971.0 mm2
sst. j.d 230 x 0.906 x 450
Mc 65 x 1000000
Ast2 = = = 781.0 mm2
sst. j.d 230 x 0.906 x 400
\ Ast = Ast1 + Ast2 = 971 + 781 = 1752 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 1752 / 491 = 4 No. bars at top and bottom
Actual , Ast = 4 x 491 = 1963 mm2
Length of barces L = 2 x 4.00 x sin 22.5
= 2 x 4.00 x 0.38 = 3.06 m
Moment in brace 156.00
Maximum shear force in brace. = = = 102.00 kN
1/2 x brace length 0.5 x 3.06
102.00 x 1000
tv = = 0.46 N/mm2
500 450
100 Ast 100 x 1963
% of steel used = = = 0.872 % \ tc = 0.36 N/mm2
bxd 500 x 450
Since tc < tv 0.36 < 0.46 Shear reinforcement required
0.36 x 500 x 450
Shear carried by concrete = = 81.00 kN
1000
Balance shear = 102.0 - 81.00 = 21.00 kN
Using 10 mm f 2 legged strirups, spacing is,
150 2 x 78.5 x 450
sv = = 505 mm Say
21 x 1000
But Sv > 0.75d or 300 mm whichever is less = 0.75 x 450 = 338 or
Hence Provided 10 mm F , 2 legged strirrups @ 300 mm c/c .

13 Design of foundation:-
A circular girder with raft slab is provided for tower foundations.
 Total load on foundation = 1903 x 8 = 15224.0 kN
Self weight of foundation @ 10% = 1522.0 kN
Total Load = 16746.00 kN
Sefe bearing capacity of soil at site = 250.00 kN/m2
\ Area required = 16746 / 250 = 67.00 m2
Providing a raft slab with equal projections on either sideof a circular ring beam and if
\ b = width of raft slab, then = 3.14 x 8 x b = 67.0 or b =
Adopting a raft slab having inner diameter = 8.00 - 3.00 = 5.00 m say b =
and Outer diameter = 8.00 + 3.00 = 11.00 m

Design of circular girder of raft slab

Total load on circular girder = 15224.00 kN
Load per meter run of girder = 15224.00 / (
p x 8 )= 607
Refering to moment coeffiecents given in table 4.1, the maximum moment in the circul;ar girder is computed.
maximum negative moment at support. K1.W.R. = 0.0083 x 15224 x 4 = 506
maximum positive moment at MID span. K2.W.R. = 0.0041 x 15224 x 4 = 250
maximum Torsional moment (at 12.75 from support 0.0006 x 15224 x 4 = 37
607 x 4.00 x p/4
Shear force at support section is V = = 953
2.00
Shear force at section of maximum torsion is
607 x p x 4 x 12.75
V = 953 - = 413.00
180
The support section is designed for maximum moment
maximum negative moment M = 506.00 kN.m Shear force V= 953.00
Assuming the width of section = 750 mm
M = 506.00 V = 953 kN
506 x 1000000
\ d = = 868 mm
0.897 x 750
Adopt depth = 870 mm cover = 70 mm Over all depth = 1000
Mc 506 x 1000000
Ast = = = 2793 mm2
sst. j.d 230 x 0.906 x 870
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 2793 / 491 = 6 No.
Actual , Ast = 6x 491 = 2944 mm2
953 x 1000
tv = = 1.27 N/mm2
750 x 1000
100 Ast 100 x 2944
% of steel used = = = 0.393 % \ tc = 0.26 N/mm2
bxd 750 x 1000
Since tc < Tv 0.26 < 1.27 Shear reinforcement required
0.26 x 750 x 1000
Shear taken by concrete = = 195 kN
1000
Balance shear = 953 - 195 = 758 kN
 Using 12 mm f 4 legged strirups, spacing is,
230 x 4 x 113.04 x 1000
sv = = 137 mm
758 x 1000
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 130 mm c/c center near supports.

Steel required for mid span

Mc 250 x 1000000
Ast = = = 1380 mm2
sst. j.d 230 x 0.906 x 870
0.85 x b.d 1 x 750 x 870
But minimum steel Ast = = = 1337
fy 415
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 1380 / 491 = 3 No.
Actual , Ast = 3 x 491 = 1472 mm2

The section subjected to maximum torsional moment and shear should be design for the following forces.
T = 37 kN.m D = 1000 mm
V = 413 kN b = 750 mm
M = 0 d = 870 mm
1 + D/b 1 + 1000 / 750
Mt = T = 37 x = 51.00 kN.m
1.7 1.7
\ Me1 = M + M1 = 0 + 51 = 51 kN.m
Mc 51 x 1000000
Ast = = = 281 mm2
sst. j.d 230 x 0.906 x 870
0.85 x b.d 1 x 750 x 870
But minimum steel Ast = = = 1337
fy 415
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 1337 / 491 = 3 No.
Actual , Ast = 3 x 491 = 1472 mm2
Equivalent shear Ve = V +1.65T/b = 413 + 1.6 x( 37 / 0.75 )= 492
492 x 1000
Tv = = 0.75 N/mm2
750 x 870
100 Ast 100 x 1337
% of steel used = = = 0.205 % \ tc = 0.19 N/mm2
bxd 750 x 870
Since tc < Tv 0.19 < 0.75 Shear reinforcement required
0.19 x 750 x 870
Shear taken by concrete = = 124 kN
1000
Balance shear = 492 - 124 = 368 kN
Using 12 mm f 4 legged strirups, spacing is,
4 x 113.04 x 230
sv = = 184 mm
0.75 - 0.19 )x 1000
Hence Provided 12 mm F 4 legged strirrups @ 180 mm c/c center near supports.
Design of Raft Slab:-
Maximum projection of raft slab from face of coloum
 3.00 - 0.75
= = 1.123 m
2
15224
Siol pressure = = = 203 kN
p x( 5.50 2 - 2.5 )
2

Considring one meter width of raft slab along the circular arc.
w L2 203 x 1.123 2
Maximum Bending moment = = = 129 kN.m
2 2
129 x 1000000
\ d = = 380 mm
0.897 x 1000
Adopt depth = 450 mm cover = 50 mm Over all depth = 500
Mc 129 x 1000000
Ast = = = 1376 mm2 say =
sst. j.d 230 x 0.906 x 450
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100

Spacing of bars = 1000 x 491 / 2064 = 238 say = 200 mm

Hence Provided 25 mm F bar, @ 200 mm c/c to reduce shear stress Ast = 2454
actual steel used = = 1000 x 491 / 200 = 2454 mm2
0.12 x 500 x 1000
Distribution steel = = 600 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of bars s = 1000 x 113 / 600 = 188 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 180 mm c/c to reduce shear stress

Shear force at a section 450 mm from face of columns

V = 203 x 0.67299 x 1.000 = 137 kN.m
137 x 1000
tv = = 0.304 N/mm2
1000 x 450
100 Ast 100 x 2454
% of steel used = = = 0.55 % \ tc = 0.31 N/mm2
bxd 1000 x 450
Since tc > Tv 0.310 > 0.304 O.K.

Reinforcement shown in drawing

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 34 40

kN/mm3
N/mm2
3.143

12.00 m

2.00

2.00 m
 kN/m

Safe

safe
of area in each direction.

50.2 mm2
mm

kN

113 mm2

No.

235.58438

mm f ring beam.

nk wall may be assumed

kN/m height

mm2 both side

79 mm2

mtr from top

201 mm2
mtr from top

314 mm2

mtr from top

300 mm

79 mm2

mtr from top

79 mm2

mtr from top

79 mm2

meter upto
25 mm
 5560 mm2

314 mm2

No.

< 1.2
Hence safe
m c/c should taken

10.00
9.00
5652
1279
3429

kN/m
kN
safe
eter D is maximum

kN

491 mm2
 79 mm2

ong the meridions.

< 1.2
Hence safe

1.60 m

kN
502.4
4.00 x
2 -112.67
3.00 70.34
460.06
460 mm3

kN/m
44 Degree

safe

safe

79 mm2
120.76923
mm
d along the meridions.
 kN/m
kN

safe

kN.m

kN/m

kN/m
859 kN
higher support)
kN

1150 mm

491 mm2

N/mm2
inforcement required

491 mm2
 N/mm2

inforcement required

500 mm

mm

1150 mm
0

h1= 2.00
B1 B1

D = 2R

R1
491 mm2
12.00

h= 8.00
f1

N/mm2

inforcement required B3 B3
ottom cover of 50mm

h0=(D-d)/2 Ww h0 2.00
h2 = 1.60
'450 B2
(D-d)/2 8.00 2.00
8 m
height of bracing is
m height. R2
ch is provided at
m height

1718 kN
128 kN

57 kN
1903 kN

0.70

114 kN
21 kN
11 kN
55 kN
18 kN
219 kN
aft foundation, the
kN.m

-4
kN.m

kN
kN.m

mm2
mm3

37812.5
 N/mm2

wind effect.

O.K.

2.00 (1/2)

491 mm2

kN

N/mm2

N/mm2

inforcement required

500 mm

330 mm
ring beam and if
2.67 m
3.00 m

kN/m
girder is computed.
kN.m
kN.m
kN.m

kN

kN

kN

1000 mm

491 mm2

N/mm2

inforcement required
 mm2

491 mm2

ollowing forces.

mm2

491

kn

N/mm2

inforcement required

near supports.
 500 mm

2064 mm2

491 mm2

mm
mm2

113 mm2

N/mm2
Ö
Height/Bracing
0.00
0.00
 No. of bracing
= #DIV/0!
0.00
#DIV/0!
 VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS Permiss
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2)
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) concrete
Pc (%) 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
N/mm2 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
230 jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415)
Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
275 jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500)
Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2 Perm
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2 Grade of
< 0.15
concrete
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 M 10
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 M 15
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 M 20
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 M 25
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 M 30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 M 35
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 M 40
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 M 45
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 M 50
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000) Maximum she

Grade of concrete M 15 20 25 30 35 40 Grade of concrete

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 tc.max
Shear stress tc Reiforcement % modification factore Table
100As 100As % fy 200 250 328 415
M-20 M-20
bd bd 0.0
0.14 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.05
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.10
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.15 1.90
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 0.20 1.80
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.25 2 1.70
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 0.30 1.85 1.60
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 0.35 1.75 1.50
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 0.4 1.65 1.40
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.30
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 0.6 1.75 1.4 1.20
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 0.7 1.90 1.65 1.35 1.15
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 0.8 1.80 1.55 1.30 1.05
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 0.9 1.70 1.5 1.25 1.02
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 1.0 1.60 1.45 1.2 1.20
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 1.1 1.55 1.4 1.16 0.98
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 1.2 1.50 1.35 1.13 0.96
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 1.3 1.50 1.3 1.1 0.94
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 1.4 1.45 1.3 1.1 0.92
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 1.5 1.40 1.25 1.07 0.91
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 1.6 1.35 1.2 1.05 0.90
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 1.7 1.35 1.2 1.03 0.89
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 1.8 1.30 1.18 1.01 0.86
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 1.9 1.30 1.16 1.0 0.86
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 2.0 1.25 1.14 0.99 0.85
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16 2.1 1.25 1.13 0.97 0.84
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25 2.2 1.20 1.12 0.96 0.83
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33 2.3 1.18 1.1 0.95 0.83
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41 2.4 1.17 1.1 0.94 0.82
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50 2.5 1.16 1.08 0.93 0.82
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63 2.6 1.15 1.06 0.92 0.81
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64 2.7 1.14 1.05 0.92 0.81
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75 2.8 1.13 1.04 0.91 0.81
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88 2.9 1.12 1.03 0.91 0.81
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00 3.0 1.11 1.02 0.90 0.81
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13 3.1 1.11 1.01 0.87 0.81
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25 3.2 1.11 1.00 0.86 0.81
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30 Value of angle
0.55 0.31 Degree sin cosine tangent sec cosec cotangent
0.56 0.31 1.0 0.017 0.999 0.017 1.001 57.307 57.249
0.57 0.31 1.5 0.026 0.999 0.262 1.001 38.462 56.300
0.58 0.31 2.0 0.035 0.999 0.035 1.001 28.662 28.633
0.59 0.31 2.5 0.044 0.999 0.044 1.001 22.936 22.913
0.6 0.32 3.0 0.052 0.998 0.052 1.002 19.109 19.071
0.61 0.32 3.5 0.061 0.998 0.061 1.002 16.393 16.361
0.62 0.32 4.0 0.070 0.997 0.070 1.003 14.347 14.304
0.63 0.32 4.5 0.078 0.996 0.079 1.004 12.747 12.696
0.64 0.32 5.0 0.087 0.996 0.087 1.004 11.481 11.435
0.65 0.33 5.5 0.096 0.995 0.096 1.005 10.434 10.382
0.66 0.33 6.0 0.104 0.994 0.105 1.006 9.615 9.558
0.67 0.33 6.5 0.113 0.993 0.114 1.007 8.834 8.772
0.68 0.33 7.0 0.122 0.992 0.123 1.008 8.210 8.144
0.69 0.33 7.5 0.131 0.991 0.132 1.009 7.663 7.594
0.7 0.34 8.0 0.139 0.990 0.141 1.010 7.189 7.117
0.71 0.34 8.5 0.148 0.989 0.149 1.011 6.766 6.691
0.72 0.34 9.0 0.156 0.987 0.158 1.013 6.394 6.311
0.73 0.34 9.5 0.165 0.986 0.168 1.014 6.046 5.961
0.74 0.34 10.0 0.174 0.984 0.176 1.016 5.760 5.668
0.75 0.35 10.5 0.182 0.983 0.185 1.017 5.488 5.395
0.76 0.35 11.0 0.191 0.981 0.194 1.019 5.241 5.142
0.77 0.35 11.5 0.199 0.979 0.204 1.021 5.016 4.911
0.78 0.35 12.0 0.208 0.978 0.213 1.022 4.810 4.704
0.79 0.35 12.5 0.819 0.976 0.839 1.025 1.221 1.192
0.8 0.35 13.0 0.225 0.974 0.231 1.027 4.446 4.331
0.81 0.35 13.5 0.233 0.972 0.240 1.029 4.284 4.165
0.82 0.36 14.0 0.242 0.970 0.249 1.031 4.134 4.010
0.83 0.36 14.5 0.250 0.968 0.259 1.033 3.995 3.867
0.84 0.36 15.0 0.259 0.965 0.268 1.036 3.864 3.729
0.85 0.36 15.5 0.259 0.963 0.269 1.038 3.864 3.721
0.86 0.36 16.0 0.276 0.961 0.287 1.041 3.628 3.487
0.87 0.36 16.5 0.284 0.958 0.296 1.044 3.521 3.373
0.88 0.37 17.0 0.292 0.956 0.306 1.046 3.421 3.271
0.89 0.37 17.5 0.301 0.953 0.316 1.049 3.326 3.169
0.9 0.37 18.0 0.309 0.951 0.325 1.052 3.236 3.078
0.91 0.37 18.5 0.317 0.948 0.335 1.055 3.152 2.988
0.92 0.37 19.0 0.326 0.945 0.344 1.058 3.072 2.903
0.93 0.37 19.5 0.334 0.942 0.354 1.062 2.996 2.822
0.94 0.38 20.0 0.342 0.939 0.364 1.065 2.924 2.746
0.95 0.38 20.5 0.350 0.936 0.374 1.068 2.856 2.673
0.96 0.38 21.0 0.358 0.933 0.384 1.072 2.791 2.604
0.97 0.38 21.5 0.367 0.930 0.394 1.075 2.729 2.538
0.98 0.38 22.0 0.375 0.927 0.404 1.079 2.670 2.475
0.99 0.38 22.5 0.383 0.923 0.415 1.083 2.613 2.412
1.00 0.39 23.0 0.391 0.920 0.425 1.087 2.560 2.355
1.01 0.39 23.5 0.399 0.917 0.435 1.091 2.508 2.300
1.02 0.39 24.0 0.407 0.913 0.445 1.095 2.459 2.245
1.03 0.39 24.5 0.415 0.909 0.456 1.100 2.411 2.192
1.04 0.39 25.0 0.422 0.906 0.466 1.104 2.370 2.147
1.05 0.39 25.5 0.431 0.905 0.476 1.105 2.323 2.102
1.06 0.39 26.0 0.438 0.897 0.489 1.115 2.282 2.047
1.07 0.39 26.5 0.446 0.894 0.499 1.119 2.241 2.004
1.08 0.4 27.0 0.454 0.891 0.510 1.122 2.203 1.963
1.09 0.4 27.5 0.462 0.887 0.521 1.127 2.166 1.921
1.10 0.4 28.0 0.469 0.882 0.532 1.134 2.130 1.879
1.11 0.4 28.5 0.477 0.878 0.543 1.139 2.096 1.840
1.12 0.4 29.0 0.485 0.874 0.555 1.144 2.063 1.803
1.13 0.4 29.5 0.492 0.870 0.566 1.149 2.031 1.767
1.14 0.4 30.0 0.500 0.866 0.577 1.155 2.000 1.732
1.15 0.4 30.5 0.508 0.861 0.589 1.161 1.970 1.697
1.16 0.41 31.0 0.515 0.857 0.601 1.167 1.942 1.664
1.17 0.41 31.5 0.522 0.852 0.613 1.174 1.914 1.631
1.18 0.41 32.0 0.530 0.848 0.625 1.179 1.887 1.600
1.19 0.41 32.5 0.537 0.843 0.637 1.186 1.862 1.569
1.20 0.41 33.0 0.545 0.838 0.650 1.193 1.836 1.539
1.21 0.41 33.5 0.552 0.833 0.663 1.200 1.812 1.509
1.22 0.41 34.0 0.559 0.829 0.675 1.206 1.788 1.483
1.23 0.41 34.5 0.566 0.824 0.687 1.214 1.766 1.455
1.24 0.41 35.0 0.573 0.819 0.700 1.221 1.745 1.429
1.25 0.42 35.5 0.581 0.814 0.713 1.229 1.722 1.402
1.26 0.42 36.0 0.588 0.809 0.726 1.236 1.702 1.377
1.27 0.42 36.5 0.595 0.803 0.741 1.245 1.681 1.350
1.28 0.42 37.0 0.602 0.798 0.754 1.253 1.662 1.326
1.29 0.42 37.5 0.609 0.793 0.768 1.261 1.643 1.303
1.30 0.42 38.0 0.616 0.788 0.781 1.269 1.624 1.280
1.31 0.42 38.5 0.623 0.782 0.796 1.279 1.606 1.256
1.32 0.42 39.0 0.629 0.777 0.810 1.287 1.589 1.235
1.33 0.43 39.5 0.636 0.771 0.825 1.297 1.572 1.212
1.34 0.43 40.0 0.643 0.766 0.839 1.305 1.555 1.191
1.35 0.43 40.5 0.649 0.760 0.854 1.316 1.540 1.170
1.36 0.43 41.0 0.656 0.754 0.870 1.326 1.524 1.149
1.37 0.43 41.5 0.663 0.748 0.886 1.337 1.509 1.129
1.38 0.43 42.0 0.669 0.743 0.901 1.346 1.495 1.110
1.39 0.43 42.5 0.676 0.737 0.917 1.357 1.480 1.091
1.40 0.43 43.0 0.682 0.731 0.933 1.368 1.466 1.072
1.41 0.44 43.5 0.688 0.725 0.949 1.379 1.453 1.053
1.42 0.44 44.0 0.695 0.719 0.966 1.391 1.440 1.035
1.43 0.44 44.5 0.701 0.713 0.983 1.403 1.427 1.017
1.44 0.44 45.0 0.707 0.707 1.000 1.414 1.414 1.000
1.45 0.44 45.5 0.713 0.700 1.019 1.429 1.402 0.981
1.46 0.44 46.0 0.719 0.694 1.036 1.441 1.390 0.965
1.47 0.44 46.5 0.725 0.688 1.054 1.453 1.379 0.949
1.48 0.44 47.0 0.731 0.681 1.074 1.468 1.367 0.931
1.49 0.44 47.5 0.737 0.675 1.092 1.481 1.356 0.916
1.50 0.45 48.0 0.742 0.669 1.109 1.495 1.348 0.901
1.51 0.45 48.5 0.749 0.662 1.131 1.511 1.335 0.884
1.52 0.45 49.0 0.755 0.656 1.150 1.524 1.325 0.869
1.53 0.45 49.5 0.760 0.649 1.172 1.541 1.315 0.853
1.54 0.45 50.0 0.766 0.642 1.193 1.558 1.305 0.838
1.55 0.45 50.5 0.772 0.636 1.213 1.572 1.296 0.824
1.56 0.45 51.0 0.777 0.629 1.235 1.590 1.287 0.809
1.57 0.45 51.5 0.786 0.622 1.263 1.608 1.273 0.792
1.58 0.45 52.0 0.788 0.615 1.281 1.626 1.269 0.780
1.59 0.45 52.5 0.793 0.608 1.305 1.645 1.261 0.766
1.60 0.45 53.0 0.799 0.601 1.329 1.664 1.252 0.753
1.61 0.45 53.5 0.804 0.594 1.353 1.684 1.244 0.739
1.62 0.45 54.0 0.809 0.587 1.378 1.704 1.236 0.726
1.63 0.46 54.5 0.814 0.580 1.404 1.724 1.228 0.712
1.64 0.46 55.0 0.819 0.573 1.429 1.745 1.221 0.700
1.65 0.46 55.5 0.824 0.566 1.456 1.767 1.213 0.687
1.66 0.46 56.0 0.829 0.559 1.483 1.789 1.206 0.674
1.67 0.46 56.5 0.834 0.551 1.513 1.815 1.199 0.661
1.68 0.46 57.0 0.839 0.544 1.542 1.838 1.192 0.649
1.69 0.46 57.5 0.843 0.537 1.570 1.862 1.186 0.637
1.70 0.46 58.0 0.848 0.529 1.603 1.890 1.179 0.624
1.71 0.46 58.5 0.853 0.522 1.633 1.916 1.173 0.612
1.72 0.46 59.0 0.857 0.515 1.664 1.942 1.167 0.601
1.73 0.46 59.5 0.862 0.507 1.699 1.972 1.161 0.588
1.74 0.46 60.0 0.866 0.500 1.732 2.000 1.155 0.577
1.75 0.47 60.5 0.870 0.492 1.769 2.033 1.149 0.565
1.76 0.47 61.0 0.875 0.484 1.807 2.066 1.143 0.553
1.77 0.47 61.5 0.879 0.477 1.842 2.096 1.138 0.543
1.78 0.47 62.0 0.883 0.469 1.883 2.132 1.133 0.531
1.79 0.47 62.5 0.887 0.461 1.924 2.169 1.127 0.520
1.80 0.47 63.0 0.891 0.453 1.967 2.208 1.122 0.508
1.81 0.47 63.5 0.895 0.446 2.007 2.242 1.117 0.498
1.82 0.47 64.0 0.899 0.438 2.052 2.283 1.113 0.487
1.83 0.47 64.5 0.903 0.430 2.099 2.326 1.108 0.476
1.84 0.47 65.0 0.906 0.422 2.148 2.370 1.103 0.466
1.85 0.47 65.5 0.910 0.414 2.198 2.415 1.099 0.455
1.86 0.47 66.0 0.914 0.406 2.250 2.463 1.095 0.444
1.87 0.47 66.5 0.917 0.398 2.304 2.513 1.091 0.434
1.88 0.48 67.0 0.921 0.390 2.360 2.564 1.086 0.424
1.89 0.48 67.5 0.924 0.382 2.418 2.618 1.082 0.414
1.90 0.48 68.0 0.927 0.374 2.479 2.674 1.079 0.403
1.91 0.48 68.5 0.930 0.367 2.539 2.729 1.075 0.394
1.92 0.48 69.0 0.934 0.358 2.608 2.793 1.071 0.384
1.93 0.48 69.5 0.937 0.350 2.674 2.856 1.068 0.374
1.94 0.48 70.0 0.940 0.342 2.747 2.924 1.064 0.364
1.95 0.48 70.5 0.943 0.333 2.831 3.003 1.061 0.353
1.96 0.48 71.0 0.946 0.326 2.904 3.072 1.058 0.344
1.97 0.48 71.5 0.948 0.317 2.989 3.152 1.055 0.335
1.98 0.48 72.0 0.951 0.309 3.078 3.236 1.052 0.325
1.99 0.48 72.5 0.954 0.301 3.172 3.326 1.049 0.315
2.00 0.49 73.0 0.956 0.292 3.271 3.420 1.046 0.306
2.01 0.49 73.5 0.959 0.284 3.376 3.521 1.043 0.296
2.02 0.49 74.0 0.961 0.276 3.488 3.628 1.040 0.287
2.03 0.49 74.5 0.964 0.267 3.606 3.743 1.038 0.277
2.04 0.49 75.0 0.966 0.259 3.732 3.864 1.035 0.268
2.05 0.49 75.5 0.968 0.250 3.868 3.995 1.033 0.259
2.06 0.49 76.0 0.970 0.242 4.011 4.134 1.031 0.249
2.07 0.49 76.5 0.982 0.233 4.209 4.284 1.018 0.238
2.08 0.49 77.0 0.974 0.225 4.332 4.446 1.026 0.231
2.09 0.49 77.5 0.976 0.216 4.511 4.621 1.024 0.222
2.10 0.49 78.0 0.978 0.208 4.705 4.810 1.022 0.213
2.11 0.49 78.5 0.980 0.199 4.915 5.016 1.021 0.203
2.12 0.49 79.0 0.982 0.191 5.145 5.241 1.019 0.194
2.13 0.50 79.5 0.983 0.182 5.396 5.488 1.017 0.185
2.14 0.50 80.0 0.985 0.174 5.673 5.760 1.015 0.176
2.15 0.50 80.5 0.986 0.165 5.977 6.061 1.014 0.167
2.16 0.50 81.0 0.988 0.156 6.315 6.394 1.013 0.158
2.17 0.50 81.5 0.989 0.148 6.691 6.766 1.011 0.149
2.18 0.50 82.0 0.999 0.139 7.178 7.185 1.001 0.139
2.19 0.50 82.5 0.991 0.131 7.597 7.663 1.009 0.132
2.20 0.50 83.0 0.993 0.122 8.145 8.206 1.008 0.123
2.21 0.50 83.5 0.994 0.113 8.777 8.834 1.007 0.114
2.22 0.50 84.0 0.995 0.105 9.517 9.569 1.006 0.105
2.23 0.50 84.5 0.995 0.096 10.389 10.438 1.005 0.096
2.24 0.50 85.0 0.996 0.087 11.431 11.474 1.004 0.087
2.25 0.51 85.5 0.997 0.078 12.716 12.755 1.003 0.079
2.26 0.51 86.0 0.998 0.070 14.302 14.337 1.002 0.070
2.27 0.51 86.5 0.998 0.061 16.362 16.393 1.002 0.061
2.28 0.51 87.0 0.999 0.052 19.083 19.109 1.001 0.052
2.29 0.51 87.5 0.999 0.044 22.913 22.936 1.001 0.044
2.30 0.51 88.0 0.999 0.035 28.637 28.654 1.001 0.035
2.31 0.51 88.5 1.000 0.026 38.299 38.314 1.000 0.026
2.32 0.51 89.0 0.9998 0.017 57.295 57.307 1.000 0.017
2.33 0.51 89.5 0.9999 0.009 114.931 114.943 1.000 0.009
2.34 0.51 90.0 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.000
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51 cos Degree
2.39 0.51 0.000 90.0
2.40 0.51 0.009 89.5
2.41 0.51 0.017 89.0
2.42 0.51 0.026 88.5
2.43 0.51 0.035 88.0
2.44 0.51 0.044 87.5
2.45 0.51 0.052 87.0
2.46 0.51 0.061 86.5
2.47 0.51 0.070 86.0
2.48 0.51 0.078 85.5
2.49 0.51 0.087 85.0
2.50 0.51 0.096 84.5
2.51 0.51 0.105 84.0
2.52 0.51 0.113 83.5
2.53 0.51 0.122 83.0
2.54 0.51 0.131 82.5
2.55 0.51 0.139 82.0
2.56 0.51 0.148 81.5
2.57 0.51 0.156 81.0
2.58 0.51 0.165 80.5
2.59 0.51 0.174 80.0
2.60 0.51 0.182 79.5
2.61 0.51 0.191 79.0
2.62 0.51 0.199 78.5
2.63 0.51 0.208 78.0
2.64 0.51 0.216 77.5
2.65 0.51 0.225 77.0
2.66 0.51 0.233 76.5
2.67 0.51 0.242 76.0
2.68 0.51 0.250 75.5
2.69 0.51 0.259 75.0
2.70 0.51 0.267 74.5
2.71 0.51 0.276 74.0
2.72 0.51 0.284 73.5
2.73 0.51 0.292 73.0
2.74 0.51 0.301 72.5
2.75 0.51 0.309 72.0
2.76 0.51 0.317 71.5
2.77 0.51 0.326 71.0
2.78 0.51 0.334 70.5
2.79 0.51 0.342 70.0
2.80 0.51 0.350 69.5
2.81 0.51 0.358 69.0
2.82 0.51 0.366 68.5
2.83 0.51 0.374 68.0
2.84 0.51 0.382 67.5
2.85 0.51 0.390 67.0
2.86 0.51 0.398 66.5
2.87 0.51 0.406 66.0
2.88 0.51 0.414 65.5
2.89 0.51 0.422 65.0
2.90 0.51 0.430 64.5
2.91 0.51 0.438 64.0
2.92 0.51 0.446 63.5
2.93 0.51 0.453 63.0
2.94 0.51 0.461 62.5
2.95 0.51 0.469 62.0
2.96 0.51 0.477 61.5
2.97 0.51 0.484 61.0
2.98 0.51 0.492 60.5
2.99 0.51 0.500 60.0
3.00 0.51 0.507 59.5
3.01 0.51 0.515 59.0
3.02 0.51 0.522 58.5
3.03 0.51 0.529 58.0
3.04 0.51 0.537 57.5
3.05 0.51 0.544 57.0
3.06 0.51 0.551 56.5
3.07 0.51 0.559 56.0
3.08 0.51 0.566 55.5
3.09 0.51 0.573 55.0
3.10 0.51 0.580 54.5
3.11 0.51 0.587 54.0
3.12 0.51 0.594 53.5
3.13 0.51 0.601 53.0
3.14 0.51 0.608 52.5
3.15 0.51 0.615 52.0
0.622 51.5
0.629 51.0
0.636 50.5
0.642 50.0
0.649 49.5
0.656 49.0
0.662 48.5
0.669 48.0
0.675 47.5
0.681 47.0
0.688 46.5
0.694 46.0
0.700 45.5
0.707 45.0
0.713 44.5
0.719 44.0
0.725 43.5
0.731 43.0
0.737 42.5
0.743 42.0
0.748 41.5
0.754 41.0
0.760 40.5
0.766 40.0
0.771 39.5
0.777 39.0
0.782 38.5
0.788 38.0
0.793 37.5
0.798 37.0
0.803 36.5
0.809 36.0
0.814 35.5
0.819 35.0
0.824 34.5
0.829 34.0
0.833 33.5
0.838 33.0
0.843 32.5
0.848 32.0
0.852 31.5
0.857 31.0
0.861 30.5
0.866 30.0
0.870 29.5
0.874 29.0
0.878 28.5
0.882 28.0
0.887 27.5
0.891 27.0
0.894 26.5
0.897 26.0
0.905 25.5
0.906 25.0
0.909 24.5
0.913 24.0
0.917 23.5
0.920 23.0
0.923 22.5
0.927 22.0
0.930 21.5
0.933 21.0
0.936 20.5
0.939 20.0
0.942 19.5
0.945 19.0
0.948 18.5
0.951 18.0
0.953 17.5
0.956 17.0
0.958 16.5
0.961 16.0
0.963 15.5
0.965 15.0
0.968 14.5
0.970 14.0
0.972 13.5
0.974 13.0
0.976 12.5
0.978 12.0
0.979 11.5
0.981 11.0
0.983 10.5
0.984 10.0
0.986 9.5
0.987 9.0
0.989 8.5
0.990 8.0
0.991 7.5
0.992 7.0
0.993 6.5
0.994 6.0
0.995 5.5
0.996 5.0
0.996 4.5
0.997 4.0
0.998 3.5
0.9986 3.0
0.9990 2.5
0.999 2.0
0.9996 1.5
0.9998 1.0
 Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2.0
Development Length in tension
1.6
Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars
tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
1.2
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.8
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
0.4
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28
1.4 25 2.24 26

for steeel
fy 500
fy 415
Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000) fy 328
Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for fy 250
Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2) fy 207
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5
able
500
2.00
1.80
1.65
1.50
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.20
1.16
1.08
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68

Table Carpentors's coefficents for cylenlidrical tank (Reyolndhand book)

Degree Factors F K1
1.0 H+dA 10 20 30 40 10 20 30
1.5 0.2 0.046 0.028 0.022 0.015 - 0.5 0.45
2.0 0.3 0.032 0.019 0.014 0.01 0.55 0.43 0.38
2.5 Value of H/D 0.4 0.024 0.014 0.01 0.007 0.5 0.39 0.35
3.0 0.5 0.02 0.02 0.009 0.006 0.45 0.37 0.32
3.5 1.0 0.012 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.37 0.28 0.24
4.0 2.0 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.3 0.22 0.19
4.5 4.0 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.27 0.2 0.17
5.0
5.5
6.0 TABLE 20.1
6.5 Cofficent for bending moment and twisting moment in circular beam
7.0 No of support 2f C1 C2 C3 fm
7.5 4 90 0.137 0.07 0.021 19.25
8.0 5 72 0.108 0.054 0.014 15.25
8.5 6 60 0.089 0.045 0.009 12.75
9.0 8 45 0.066 0.03 0.005 9.5
9.5 9 40 0.06 0.027 0.004 8.5
10.0 10 36 0.054 0.023 0.003 7.25
10.5 12 30 0.045 0.017 0.002 6.25
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0 TABLE 4.1 for (Krishna Raju) intze tank design
14.5 Cofficent for bending moment and twisting moment in circular beam
15.0 Negative Positive
Maximum
15.5 No of
bending bending
twesting
support 2f moment at moment at
moment or fm
16.0 support center of
torqu K3
K1 span K2
16.5
17.0 4 90 0.0342 0.0176 0.0053 19.25
17.5 6 72 0.148 0.0075 0.00015 15.25
18.0 8 60 0.0083 0.0041 0.0006 12.75
18.5 10 45 0.0054 0.0023 0.00003 9.5
19.0 12 40 0.0037 0.0014 0.0017 8.5
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0
31.5
32.0
32.5
33.0
33.5
34.0
34.5
35.0
35.5
36.0
36.5
37.0
37.5
38.0
38.5
39.0
39.5
40.0
40.5
41.0
41.5
42.0
42.5
43.0
43.5
44.0
44.5
45.0
45.5
46.0
46.5
47.0
47.5
48.0
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
51.5
52.0
52.5
53.0
53.5
54.0
54.5
55.0
55.5
56.0
56.5
57.0
57.5
58.0
58.5
59.0
59.5
60.0
60.5
61.0
61.5
62.0
62.5
63.0
63.5
64.0
64.5
65.0
65.5
66.0
66.5
67.0
67.5
68.0
68.5
69.0
69.5
70.0
70.5
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
73.0
73.5
74.0
74.5
75.0
75.5
76.0
76.5
77.0
77.5
78.0
78.5
79.0
79.5
80.0
80.5
81.0
81.5
82.0
82.5
83.0
83.5
84.0
84.5
85.0
85.5
86.0
86.5
87.0
87.5
88.0
88.5
89.0
89.5
90.0
 fs = 120 =fy200
2.0
fs =145 =fy250
fs =190 =fy328
1.6
fs =240 =fy415

1.2

0.8

0.4

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6

Modification factore
Fig 7.1
Fs= steel stress of service load =0.58fy

= Fs 290 N/mm2
= Fs 240 N/mm2
= Fs 190 N/mm2
= Fs 145 N/mm2
= Fs 120 N/mm2
Reyolndhand book)
K1 K2
40 10 20 30 40
0.4 0.32 0.46 0.53 0.5
0.33 0.35 0.53 0.6 0.66
0.3 0.44 0.58 0.65 0.7
0.27 0.48 0.63 0.69 0.73
0.21 0.62 0.73 0.74 0.83
0.16 0.73 0.81 0.85 0.88
0.14 0.8 0.85 0.87 0.9

in circular beam

in circular beam
 fs = 290 =fy500

2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2