23-11-2022

23-NOVEMBER-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 23rd November 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1
Congress to file review petition in Rajiv case 11 9 1 9 9
(22/11/2022)

2
The SC ruling on pensions for women IAF officers (Text & T&C T&C
8
T&C T&C
1 1 1 1
Context)

3
Indonesia quake toll jumps to 268, rescue workers hunt 13 - 13 13 13
for survivors

4 Strategy to save (Editorial) 8 8 6 8 8

5
Iran says it has started enriching uranium to 60% at Fordo 13 - 13 13 13
plant
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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The Hindu News Analysis – 23rd November 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

6
Celebrating 400th Birth anniversary of Lachit Borphukan 5 5 5 5 5
(Poster)

7 Think local climate action, think Meenangadi (Editorial) 8 8 6 8 8

8 Tamil Nadu gets its first biodiversity heritage site 1, 2 7 4 7 7

9 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video

10 Mains Practice Question

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

Pg: 11 – C;
Pg: 9 – B, H, T;
Pg: 1 – D;

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Review Petition Curative Petition

• Supreme Court’s ability to re-examine its • Prevents abuse of process.

judgments.
• Last legal option after review petition’s
• Never a new hearing of an appeal. rejection.

• Ability to fix a mistake done in a previous • Not directly mentioned in Indian

decision. Constitution.

• Article 137 & rules made under Article 145. • Indirectly specified by article 137.

• Supreme Court rules, 1966 - file within 30

• Article 137 - SC’s power to review a
days of the judgment. petition.

• Petition filed must be distributed to same • Supreme Court extremely cautious.

panel.
• Supreme Court established particular
• Without oral arguments. standards for courts.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements:
• Should only be considered in rare
circumstances. 1. There is no time limit for filing review
petition.
• Example: when a fundamental tenet of
2. Review petition is filed by an accused
natural justice violated.
to the President asking for the change
• To be certified by a senior advocate. in capital punishment into life
imprisonment.
• Circulated to the three senior most judges
& judges delivered the impugned judgment. Which of the statement(s) given above
is/are correct?
• No time limit for filing a curative
a) 1 only
petition. b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Pg: Text & Context – 1 – C, B, H, T;

Pg: 8 – D;

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• February 2020 - Ministry of Defence vs Babita

Puniya.

Women officers in the Army be granted

permanent commission (PC).

Command postings in all services other than

combat.

• March 25, 2021 - Lt. Col. Nitisha vs. UoI.

Army’s selective ACR evaluation process is

discriminative.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Recently, which organization has inducted
its first women officers in combat?
a) Central Industrial Security Force
b) Indo-Tibetan Border Police
c) Central Reserve Police Force
d) National Security Guard

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Pg: 13 – C, H, T, D;

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Reason why Indonesia is prone to

earthquake

1. Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Pacific Ring of Fire - path located

at the rim of the Pacific Ocean
characterized by active volcanoes &
earthquakes.

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Since this map does not represent political boundary of

India, change is not required

2. Indonesia - meeting point of three

major continental plates -

The Pacific plate

The Eurasian plate

The Indo-Australian plates

Smaller Philippine plate

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Previous Year Question – Prelims 2017

Q. Which of the following is geographically
closest to Great Nicobar?
a) Sumatra
b) Bornea
c) Java
d) Sri Lanka

Pg: 8 – C, B, H, T;
Pg: 6 – D;

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WHO estimates

• Suicide - 2nd leading cause of death (15-29-year-olds).

2nd leading cause of death (females aged 15-19 years).

India suicide rate - 10.2 to 11.3 per 1,00,000 population.

Features

1. Initiates steps to achieve a reduction in suicide mortality by 10% by 2030.

A time-bound action plan.

2. Majority of suicides are preventable - to reduce the number of

suicides -

Strategy built upon evidence-based practices.

Intends - bring together multiple sectoral collaborations.

Within next 3 years - establish effective surveillance mechanisms.

Within next 5 years - establishment of psychiatric outpatient

departments in all districts.

Within next 8 years - intends to incorporate mental health into

educational institutions’ curricula.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India
(ADSI) is an annual report published
by the Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare.
2. The latest edition of the report
pertains to the year 2020.
Which of the statements given above
is/are incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Pg: 13 – C, H, T, D;

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Uranium

• Natural uranium deposits exist all over the world.

• Not suitable for nuclear weapons.

• Cannot be used in most nuclear reactors.

• For either electricity or

plutonium production.

• Natural uranium - various

isotopes.

• Contains approximately 99.3% of U-238 isotope.

• Small concentrations of 0.7%, of U-235 isotope.

• U-235 isotope - fissile isotope.

• Fissile isotope - split by a slow moving neutron.

• U-235 - most significant for reactor fuel & nuclear weapons.

• Concentration of U-235 must

be increased - enrichment.

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• U + F UF6

• Mined from the ground, milled & • UF6 - gas suitable for enrichment.
chemically processed.
• U-235 & U-238 - chemically identical.
• Mined uranium ore crushed.
• Chemical techniques cannot be used to separate
• To separate uranium from the them.
surrounding rock - milling.
• Most common & efficient enrichment method uses
• Produces uranium oxide concentrate gas centrifuges.
(U3O8) - yellowcake.

• Yellowcake transported to a conversion

facility.

• Impurities removed.

• Gas centrifuges to separate 2 isotopes from

UF6 gas.

• Centrifuges produce over 50% of enriched

• U enriched to concentrations above 0.7%
uranium
but less than 20% U-235 - Low Enriched
• Centrifuges more energy efficient than Uranium (LEU).
gaseous diffusion plants.
• LEU - nuclear reactors.

• U enriched to more than 20% uranium-235 -

Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU).

• HEU - weapons.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Biodiversity Heritage Sites
(BHS):
1. India is a member of the
Non-Proliferation Treaty.
2. International Atomic Energy Agency is
an organization within UN.
Which of the statement(s) given above
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Pg: 5 – C, B, H, T, D;

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Ahom dynasty Chaolung Sukaphaa

• Ahoms - descendants of the Shan/Tai tribe. • Assam - Namrup & Tipam, between
Disang and Dikhow River.
• Foundations - Chaolung Sukaphaa.
• Extended to Namdang River of Assam.
• 13th cen. - Sukaphaa entered Brahmaputra valley.
• Created new state - suppressing the
• Crossed Patkai mountain range.
older political system of Bhuiyans.

• 1253 - established capital at Charaidau,

Assam.

• Befriended local
tribes - Barahi
and Marans.

Ahom dynasty

• Ahom state was divided into clans or khels Lachit Barphukan

- based on forced Labour.
• Commander in chief of the Ahom kingdom
• Adult males - served in army during war. army.

• Ahoms introduced a new method of wet rice • Served under the king Pratap Singha.
cultivation - increased the output.
• Contemporary of Shivaji Maharaja.

• Created vital naval infrastructure - main

inspiration to India’s naval force.

• Stemmed out the advancement of Mughal

imperialism into Assam.

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The Battle of Saraighat 1671

• Mughal Empire - Kachwaha king, Raja

Ramsingh I.

• Ahom Kingdom - Lachit Borphukan.

• Fought on the Brahmaputra River at

Saraighat (Guwahati).

• Bravery of Lachit - Ahoms defeated the

Mughal Army.

• Tactics - brilliant use of terrain, guerrilla

tactics & psychological warfare.

• Last battle - last major attempt by the

Mughals to capture Assam.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to the Battle of Saraighat
1671, consider the following statements:
1. It was fought between Mughals and
Ahoms on the Brahmaputra river.
2. The Ahom forces were led by
commander Lachit Borphukan.
3. The mighty Mughals won the battle
and captured the Ahom Kingdom.
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

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Pg: 8 – C, B, H, T;
Pg: 6 – D;

Part A — Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
• General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity
and Climate Change - that do not require subject
specialization.
Part B — Main Examination
PAPER - IV
General Studies - III: Technology, Economic
Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management.
• Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation,
environmental impact assessment.
• Disaster and disaster management.

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Importance of Panchayats in the climate

action

• UNFCCC COP-26 Glasgow - India announced

Panchamrit resolution.

• Panchamrit resolution - target of net-zero

carbon emission by 2070.

• No climate action policies at local level.

• Effects of climate change - climate action

plan & greater power devolution to
panchayats.

Why focus to local governments?

National Action Plan on Climate Change - 2008
• India’s population lives in the rural
areas. • Priority areas for coordinated intervention at
the national and State levels.
• People involved in agriculture and other
Agri-based activities. • Neglected the local government’s participation.

• Variability in rainfall and temperatures • In recent years - panchayats come forward

- affected the livelihood and well-being with carbon neutrality projects.

of rural people.

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How carbon neutrality helps in reducing emissions?

• Carbon neutrality - zero carbon developments,

nature conservation and economic development.

• Human activities - main cause of the current

climate crisis.

• Need to take measures in mitigating GHG

emissions and to adaptation.

• Zero carbon development - reduce anthropogenic

emissions and improves climate resilience.

Carbon neutrality projects - examples

Meenangadi gram panchayat - Wayanad, Kerala

• 2016 - project ‘Carbon neutral Meenangadi’.

• Aim - transform Meenangadi into a state of

carbon neutrality.

• Conducted campaigns, studies & awareness

programme.

• Action plan - gram Sabha meetings.

• Socio-economic surveys and energy-use mapping.

• Schemes - reduce emissions, increase carbon

sequestration and preserve ecology & bio-
diversity.

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‘Tree banking’ scheme

• Encouraged planting of more trees - Palli gram panchayat - Jammu and Kashmir
interest-free loans.
• People - centric model with specific local
• 1,58,000 trees were planted & geo-tagged. activities.

• Climate change Mitigation factors -

reducing energy consumption & use of fossil
fuels.

• Factors - use of solar energy, abandoning

plastics & promoting plantation.

• Introduced Bio-gas plants and solar panels.

The ‘Clean and Green Village’ theme

Other panchayats
• Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
• Seechewal in Punjab. Here - rejuvenation
• Gram panchayats - activities on natural
of Kali Bein River.
resource management.
• Odanthurai in Tamil Nadu - windmill (350
• Biodiversity protection, waste management
KW).
and afforestation activities.
• Tikekarwadi in Maharashtra - biogas
• Data - 1,09,135 gram panchayats have
plants and green energy production.
prioritised for 2022-23.
• Chapparapadavu in Kerala - green islands.
• Documentation of best practices & circulation.

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Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. How the Panchayati raj institutions in
Indian will play a role in climate change
mitigation process. Discuss.
(150 words, 15 marks)

Pgs: 1, 2 – C;
Pg: 7 – B, H, T;
Pg: 4 – D;

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Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS)

• Well defined areas - unique, ecologically fragile

ecosystems.

• Terrestrial, coastal & inland waters, marine.

• Rich biodiversity.

• Rich wild, domesticated species.

• High endemism.

• Presence of rare & threatened species, keystone species,

etc.

• Significant cultural, ethical or aesthetic values.

• Important place for maintenance of cultural diversity.

Mandasaru BHS

Criteria for identification

• Refuge or corridors - threatened & endemic
• Mosaic of natural, semi-natural & man-made
fauna & flora.
habitats.
• Community conserved areas or urban greens
• Significant domesticated biodiversity
& wetlands.
component.
• All kinds of legal land uses - government,
Representative of agro-ecosystems.
community or private land.
Ongoing agricultural practices.
• Sites - not covered under Protected Area
• Significant Areas in biodiversity point of network.
view.
• Areas providing habitats - aquatic or
Important cultural space - sacred terrestrial.
groves/trees.

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• For feeding and breeding of seasonal migrant species.

• Preservation plots by research wing of Forest department.

• Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas.

Procedure for declaring a site as BHS • Means - local language newspapers, radio,
• State Biodiversity Boards (SBB) - invite meetings, letters, gram panchayats, local
suggestion for declaration of BHSs. bodies and others.

• Considers suggestions from communities. • SBB consolidates & public discussions.

• Through Biodiversity Management Committees. • Approved by relevant gram sabhas or

urban local bodies.
• Through gram sabhas, panchayats, urban wards,
forest protection committees, tribal councils. • SBB issue a preliminary notification -
specify BHS boundaries.
• Information from rural communities, NGOs,
farmer/fishermen/adivasi associations, urban • After 30 days of the draft notification -
groups, research institutions, government a public hearing.
agencies, and other organizations.
• SBB writes to all concerned Government
• Information - provision of BHSs. departments - announce BHS establishment.

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Biodiversity heritage sites in India

• Karnataka - Nallur Tamarind Grove, Hogrekan, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus
and Abarguda.

• Maharahstra - Glory of Allapalli.

• West Bengal - Tonglu BHS under the Darjeeling Forest Division, Dhotrey BHS under the
Darjeeling Forest Division, Chilkigarh Kanak Durga.

• Assam - Majuli.

• Manipur - Dialong Village.

• Telangana - Ameenpur lake.

• Odisha - Mandasaru

• Uttar Pradesh - Ghariyal Rehabilitation

Centre.

• Meghalaya - Khlaw Kur Syiem KmieIng.

• Goa - Purvatali Rai.

• Madhya Pradesh - Naro Hills and Patalkot.

• Kerala - Asramam

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Biodiversity Heritage Sites
(BHS):
1. A sacred groove can be declared as a
Biodiversity Heritage Site.
2. Karnataka is having its first Biodiversity
Heritage Site.
Which of the statement(s) given above
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Practice Question – Prelims

Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to the Battle of Saraighat
Q. Consider the following statements: 1671, consider the following statements:
1. There is no time limit for filing review 1. It was fought between Mughals and
petition. Ahoms on the Brahmaputra river.
2. Review petition is filed by an accused 2. The Ahom forces were led by
to the President asking for the change commander Lachit Borphukan.
in capital punishment into life
3. The mighty Mughals won the battle
imprisonment.
and captured the Ahom Kingdom.
Which of the statement(s) given above
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
(a) 1 and 2
b) 2 only
(b) 2 and 3
c) Both 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Previous Year Question – Prelims 2017

Q. Which of the following is geographically
closest to Great Nicobar?
a) Sumatra
b) Bornea
c) Java
d) Sri Lanka

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India
(ADSI) is an annual report published
Practice Question – Prelims
by the Ministry of Health and Family
Q. Recently, which organization has inducted Welfare.
its first women officers in combat?
2. The latest edition of the report
a) Central Industrial Security Force pertains to the year 2020.
b) Indo-Tibetan Border Police Which of the statements given above
c) Central Reserve Police Force is/are incorrect?
a) 1 only
d) National Security Guard b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Quiz Question – Prelims (23/11/2022)

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to Biodiversity Heritage Sites
(BHS):
1. A sacred groove can be declared as a Practice Question – Mains
Biodiversity Heritage Site. GS – III
2. Arittapatti Biodiversity Heritage Site is Q. How the Panchayati raj institutions in
located in Karnataka. Indian will play a role in climate change
Which of the statement(s) given above mitigation process. Discuss.
is/are correct? (150 words, 15 marks)
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

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