WEEK 4 FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OF STATE AND NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS

HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS AND COMMON GOOD

MODULE 4

General instructions: Read the specific directions carefully before answering the
exercises and activities. Accomplish this module on or before the deadline. For online
consultations, please refer to the given schedule.

What do I need to know?

ESSENTIAL Learning Purposes: At the end of this chapter, you are expected to:
 A: Apprehend aspects of social organization, state and non-state
functions.
 A: Identify one’s role in social groups and institutions
 M: Assess other forms of economic transaction such as sharing gifts,
exchange and redistribution in his or her own society
 M: Justify human dignity, rights and common good which could be
reflected in respective locale.

ACTIVITY 1
POST-ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY: LOGO QUIZ
Instruction: Identify the following logos if they are STATE or NON-STATE
FUNCTIONS. Put a check ( / ) if the item is a non-state institution and write its
basic function if it is a state institution.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 WHAT TO KNOW?
LESSON INTRODUCTION

WHAT ARE STATE AND NON-STATE FUNCTIONS?

Institution- refers to a structured domain of norms, rules
and practices that gives a sense of order to a specific
set of relationship. Ex, religion, kinship and family,
friendship and association, popular culture and
knowledge system.

Examples of State Institutions under our Government:

State institutions are an

economy's primary facilitator of
social and economic
development. ... Institutions also
have an important redistributive
role to play in the economy –
they make sure that resources
are properly allocated, and
ensure that the poor or those with
fewer economic resources are
protected.

Non-state institutions

These are institutions that are not controlled by the government or the state. Non-state
institutions assume different functions and focus on a specific objective. In general, they
develop certain services needed by members of the society for their progress. There are
different non-state institutions that operate in society. Two of them are banks and
corporations.

 What are examples of non-state institutions? BANKS AND CORPORATIONS, COOPERATIVES

AND TRADE UNIONS, TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY GROUPS DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES.

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1. Trade Unions

Trade unions refer to an organization that

represents the people who work in a particular
industry, protects their rights, and discusses their
pay and working conditions with employers.

According to the Department of Labor and

Employment (DOLE), there are two (2)
classifications of UNION in the Philippines:

PUBLIC SECTOR UNION PRIVATE SECTOR UNION

(PUBLIC EMPLOYEES ORGANIZATION) (LABOR ORGANIZATION)

Refers to any organization, union or Refers to any union or association of

association of employees in the agencies
of government which exist in whole or in
part for the purpose of collective
negotiations or mutual aid, interest,
cooperation and protection.
employees in the private sector which
exist in whole or in part for the purpose of
collective bargaining or mutual aid,
interest, cooperation, protection or other
lawful purposes.

Labor organizations are further classified into the FORMAL and INFORMAL sector.
The former refers to an organization with employee-employer relationship, also known
as Enterprise-Based Unions. It is composed of Chartered Local, Affiliate and
Independent Unions. The latter refers to an organization without a definite employer.

A society is functionally integrated and held together by social institutions. Social

institutions are universal. They vary from time to time and across cultures, in terms of
complexity specializations, scope, formality and organization but their basic nature and
purpose are similar everywhere.

Economic Institutions

These are institutions that those that deal with economic and property relations.
Economic institutions refer to company or an organization that deals with money or with
managing the distribution of money, goods, and services in an economy. Examples are
banks, government organizations, and investment funds.

2. Cooperatives

 As mutual benefit organizations created by self-organized principals

 Directly invested of the responsibility to define and pursue the objectives of the
organization
 Created to protect the participation rights of their membership in order to satisfy
its needs and demands
 Usually controlled on an equal voting-right basis by different typologies of patrons

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3. Transnational Advocacy Groups
 Networks with free flowing and open relationships
 Knowledgeable and committed actors
 This can be international organizations such as UN
 International organizations from corporate world

4. Development Agencies
These are local or international groups committed to pursuing specific
developmental agendas of the state. Example of Development agencies: African
Development Bank.

ACTIVITY 2 – IDENTIFICATION
Instruction: Identify what is being asked from each item. Write your
answer on the space provided.

1. ________________ Another term for public sector union.

2. ________________ a structured domain of norms, rules and practices that gives a
sense of order to a specific set of relationship
3. ________________ The term given by Van der Haar for custom and tradition.
4. ________________ an organization that represents the people who work in a
particular industry, protects their rights, and discusses their pay and working
conditions with employers.
5. ________________ The department which encourage, promote, and develop
tourism as a major socio-economic activity to generate foreign currency and
local employment.
6. ________________ are local or international groups committed to pursuing specific
developmental agendas of the state.
7. ________________ those that are involved in the production and distribution of the
goods and services that members of a society need.
8. ________________ voluntary giving or taking of objects without the use of money in
the hopes that, in the future, they could be given back.
9. ________________ occurs when individuals’ goods or services are pooled together
by a central authority to be used at a later time.
10. ________________ are institutions that are not controlled by the government or
the state.

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 WHAT’S MORE???
LESSON CONTINUATION:

Economic institutions

-are those that are involved in the production and distribution of the goods and
services that members of a society need. Economic exchanges, which are an
important part of a functioning economy, happen for different reasons and through
different ways. Because societies greatly differ from each other in terms of culture, their
systems of economic exchange may also vary.

Reciprocity

-refers to the voluntary giving or taking

of objects without the use of money in
the hopes that, in the future, they
could be given back. Reciprocity
could take the form of barter,
hospitality, gift-giving, and sharing. You
might not realize it, but people
engage in reciprocity most of the time.
Simple activities like borrowing and
returning a pen could be categorized
as reciprocity. In societies, however,
reciprocity means more than just a simple social activity. The aim of engaging in
reciprocity is to build and strengthen social relationships as well as acquire more means
or favors. As you may recall from earlier lessons, social relationships are needed to
expand personal and cultural development at the macro and micro level. Gaining
more favors through reciprocity contributes to this development by allowing people to
maximize their options in times of need.

A good example of reciprocity is the Filipino culture of utang na loob. This is an act of
kindness or favor that is expected to be given in return. For instance, Filipinos who seek
help from their acquaintances in accomplishing any specific task, such as looking for a
job or securing a personal loan for the family, would see themselves indebted to their
friends. When the time comes that the friend asks for a favor, it is common practice to
help him out in return. In our country, utang na loob is not mandated by any law or
legal document. It is, however, part of our unique culture and identity as Filipinos. In the
same way, exchanges at the larger-scale could be facilitated through reciprocity. For
example, it is common nowadays to see big companies partnering up with each other
in hosting big events and promotions. These partnerships allow companies to gain
favors from each other and at the same time, benefit from each other. Among national

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governments and states, the same process also occurs. This could be seen especially in
times of calamities or disasters. For instance, the disastrous effects of Typhoon Yolanda
in 2013 that took hundreds of lives and destroyed thousands of properties in the Samar
and Leyte region caught the attention of many countries, private institutions, non-
government organizations, and even individual donors. All of them helped the
Philippines through different means. While the Philippines was able to survive the heavy
impact of Typhoon Yolanda, our country is still indebted to those who helped us survive
the unfortunate event. As such, when other countries are facing risk and disaster, the
Philippines is also expected to return the favor by helping out.

Forms of Reciprocity

While reciprocity is a simple concept, societies still use it differently. Thus, various forms of
reciprocity have been developed over time. The three forms of reciprocity were
identified by anthropologist Marshall Sahlins; thus, these forms of reciprocity are
collectively known as Sahlins’ Typology.

Generalized Reciprocity

The main feature of generalized reciprocity is the exchange of goods and services
without a definite time frame of when the favor should be returned. In this form of
reciprocity, individuals giving out the favors do not expect to receive anything back.
Such activity is commonly done among small groups or societies. A good example of
this is your relationship with your family and closest friends. When you are given food by
your parents, for instance, do they expect you to buy them food in return? Parents
usually do not ask their children to repay them for what they are given. At the
sametime, children are not obliged or pressured to return the favor as well. The same
situation goes for close friends. While they may expect more, close friends who do
favors for one another usually do it out of love, concern, or camaraderie, and not for
any economic gain.

LET’S LEARN MORE!

Rights and the Human Person

Rights are due to man, precisely because he is a person and, therefore,

possessing worth and dignity. Man is not merely a piece of matter, a
tool, a robot, a bundle of drives, or meaningless question mark as some
would reduce him to. Since man is born and is destined by nature to
attain his purpose, man has the right to live and work out his destiny. As a creature, he
has the right to worship his Creator in accordance with the dictates of his conscience.

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Since man is by nature a social being, he has the natural right to have and support a
family, to a place in the society.

 Human rights

Human rights are basic rights that belong to all of us simply because we are human.
They embody key values in our society such as fairness, dignity, equality and respect.

They are an important means of protection for us all, especially those who may face
abuse, neglect and isolation. Most importantly, these rights give us power and enable
us to speak up and to challenge poor treatment from a public authority.

DEFINITION OF RIGHTS

Rights can be defined as:

A. Anything due to a person;

B. A moral power residing in a person, in virtue whereof he refers to himself as well
as his own actions as also other things, which stand referred to him in preference
to other persons.
C. A moral power as distinguished from physical force or ability

1. Universal and inalienable - All human beings are

born with equal and inalienable rights and fundamental
freedoms. All human beings are born with equal and
inalienable rights and fundamental freedoms.

2. Interdependent and invisible - Human rights

are interdependent and interrelated. Each one
contributes to the realization of a person’s human
dignity through the satisfaction of his or her
developmental, physical, psychological and spiritual
needs
REMEMBER!
3. Equal and non-discriminatory - All individuals
Human right is both a right are equal as human beings and by virtue of the
and as an obligation. We inherent dignity of each human person. No one,
assert the exercise of these therefore, should suffer discrimination on the basis of
rights and we are also race, colour, ethnicity, gender, age, language, sexual
expected to perform this. orientation, religion, political or other opinion, national,
social or geographical origin, disability, property, birth
or other status as established by human rights
standards.

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Accountability and Rule of Law:

States and other duty-bearers are answerable for the

observance of human rights. In this regard, they have to
comply with the legal norms and standards enshrined in
international human rights instruments. Where they fail to do so,
aggrieved rights-holders are entitled to institute proceedings for
appropriate redress before a competent court or other
adjudicator in accordance with the rules and procedures
provided by law. Individuals, the media, civil society and the international community
play important roles in holding governments accountable for their obligation to uphold
human rights.

UNFPA supports the integration of human rights standards into all

stages of its programming framework, including:

What are Child Rights?

Child rights are human rights that also recognize the special needs for care and protection of
minors — children and young people under the age of 18. All children have these rights,
regardless of religion, race, ethnicity, gender or cultural background. No child should be treated
unfairly on any basis. All adults should do what is best for the children. When adults make
decisions, they should think about how their decisions will affect children. The government has a
responsibility to make sure rights are protected.

Who is a Child?

1. According to Philippine law (RA7610): refers to a person below eighteen (18) years of age

2. Those over 18 but is incapable of taking care of themselves fully or protect themselves from
abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability
or condition.

Who is Responsible?

Children’s rights laid down in the Convention on the Rights of the Child have to be provided by
adults or the state.

Governments have the main responsibility to make sure the rights of children are protected and
provided for. All citizens have responsibilities to respect the rights of children as well. It also
identifies parents as the primary caregiver of the child while governments are charged with
assisting families in fulfilling their role.

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However, the Convention also refers to the responsibilities of children, in particular, to respect
the rights of others, especially their parents (Article 29).

What are the Four Cluster of Rights?

1. Survival rights - you have a right to life, good food, water, and to grow up healthy

 Right to life
 Right to health
 Right to social security
 Right to adequate standard of living
 Right to parental care and support

2. Developmental Rights - you have a right to an education and time to relax and play

 Right to education
 Right to information
 Right to rest and leisure
 Right to enjoy one’s culture and religion
 Right of the disabled child to special care

3. Protection Rights - you have a right to be treated well and not be hurt by anyone

 Right to name, nationality and identity

 Right to privacy
 Right to be protected from abuse & neglect
 Right to be protected from commercial & sexual exploitation
 Right to be safe in emergency or especially difficult circumstances
 Right to legal assistance & appropriate judicial processes

4. Participation Rights - you have a right to say how you feel, be listened to, and taken
seriously

 Right to opinion
 Right to freedom of expression
 Right to freedom in association
 Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion

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 ACTIVITY 3
SHORT QUIZ
Instruction: Multiple choice - Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What does UNFPA stands for?

a) Understanding networking for professional associations
b) Universal networking for pre-agricultural
c) United Nations Population Fund
d) University of new found politicians

2. Which of the following is incorrect?

a) Human right cannot be an obligation
b) All human rights are indivisible
c) Rights should be equal and non-discriminatory
d) Human rights can be interrelated

3. Which of the following is not part of survival rights?

a) Right to opinion
b) Right to life
c) Right to health
d) Right to adequate living

4. What is that act which voluntary giving or taking of objects without the use of
money in the hopes that, in the future, they could be given back?
a) Reciprocity
b) Volunteerism
c) Kindness
d) Right of expression

5. These can all be definition of rights, except what?

a) It could be anything due to a person.
b) A moral power residing in a person.
c) Obligation to destroy
d) A moral power as distinguished from physical force or ability

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 ENRICHMENT
Please take time to watch the following video/s attached in this section
before you proceed in the next lesson.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGq9zW9w3Fw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KMR73mW8DQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9xq5dluTUU

References:

 Atienza, M. et. al (2016). Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. C &

E Publishing, Inc.
 Lanuza, G. & Raymundo, S. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics. REX Book Store
Riodique, F. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics.
Mindshapers Co., Inc.

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