Eapp 2

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF BALANGA
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan
I.
Entrepreneurial Traits and Entrepreneurial

Intention in Opening a Small Business of The
Grade 12 ABM Students of Bataan National High
School- Senior High School
Broqueza, Christine Mae
Buensuceso, Leigh
Cainoy, Jasmine
Castillo, Aron Joy
Cuenco, Leslie Anne D.
Dacasin, Roxanne
Ongoco, Rycel
Paliuanan, Alberto
Pangilinan, Rainell Jehon
Pobre, Iverson
November 2022
II. Background of the Study
This study seeks to determine the correlation of the four Entrepreneurial traits on the Entrepreneurial Intention of the
respondents.
III. Entrepreneurial Traits
Entrepreneurship academics have long looked at the connection between personality traits and entrepreneurial
intention and development, and have been effective in proving that personality traits and entrepreneurial success are
positively correlated (ES). However, because earlier research has mainly concentrated on developed environments, used
various conceptualizations of personality traits and success indicators, and overlooked gender differences, doubt still exists
regarding the extent of this link. The debate should instead focus on how gender affects entrepreneurship experiences in
certain situations, according to Marlow and Patton (2005, p. 731). In particular, little is known about how gender modifies
the relationship between personality traits and ES despite the wealth of literature on the subject (Gicheva, Link, 2013)
Entrepreneurship is well acknowledged to have a significant impact on the growth of economies (Audretsch and Keilbach,
2004). Individuals vary in their entrepreneurial awareness, and areas and nations also have varying levels of entrepreneurial
growth. According to the Shumpeterian approach, the availability of prospective customers is crucial for the development of
new businesses and entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs with personal circumstances and personality attributes that are
likely to inspire them to launch a new business (Mueller, 2002) Theoretically, entrepreneurship has been studied by a
number of schools. first group of schools to have a macro perspective on the Entrepreneurship presupposes a person's
lifestyle, values, family, and relationships. Entrepreneur background variables are the aspects that determine how an
entrepreneur takes shape, including individual and financial accumulation (Hisrich and Peters, 1998). On the other hand, the
second group of schools embracing the micro view presupposes that a person's level of entrepreneurship is determined by
his personal characteristics, his capacity to see possibilities and organize resources into an organization. In the research
literature, entrepreneurial qualities that a competent entrepreneur was assumed to have from the micro point of view include
the need for achievement, locus of control, inclination to take risks, tolerance of ambiguity, self-confidence, and
innovativeness (Koh, 1996; Kuratko and Hodgetts, 2001).
Entrepreneurial Intention in Opening a Small Business
According to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2014), nearly half (46%) of all Filipinos have a very positive view
of the entrepreneurial opportunities in their country; furthermore, 66% believe they have the entrepreneurial capabilities
needed to start a business. Although the perceived entrepreneurial capabilities of Filipinos are high, 89.5% did not receive
formal training at school. As a result, entrepreneurship education has emerged as a demanding subject to be mastered by
young students. It has always been encouraged by intellectuals to motivate the young mind to start a business of their own.
A basic entrepreneurship program should be incorporated into the regular curriculum as a mandatory subject to make the
students aware of the possible benefits of being an entrepreneur. This initiative will not only boost the interest of the
students to own a business and will not only help them embracing any upcoming opportunities to be successful
entrepreneurs but also successfully overcome the adversities of the future (Panigrahi, 2020).
In 2020, Yeung stated that the Filipino government had made a concerted effort to promote entrepreneurship in the country
aiming to expand the economy and lift people out of poverty. Professor Russ McBride at UC Merced even brought his
philosophy of ‘Functional Entrepreneurship’ to the Philippines in a series of lectures aimed at students. A generation with
technical Knowledge and advancement like innovators and leaders are the ones who will shape the future. The
entrepreneurial competencies to be built through the entrepreneurship curriculum at high school include a group of
knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired and used by individuals simultaneously, to produce outstanding performance in the
field of entrepreneurship. However, none of the previous research has examined the students around the local area of the
researchers’ interest and depth of their knowledge with starting a small business. Entrepreneurship education when done
intensively can shape the mindset, skills, and attitudes or behavior of high school students (Chaerudin, 2018). It will equip
them with essential fundamental core ideas on business courses that foster a strategic business mindset coupled with
entrepreneurship and principled business leadership.
Entrepreneurial Intention in terms of Sex

Thébaud (2010) proposes that “men and women draw on gender status beliefs in order to assess their own abilities”.
In her study of GEM data, Thébaud finds that “in the U.S., despite having approximately equal amounts of human, social,
and financial capital, women are about half as likely as men to think they have the ability to be an entrepreneur”. Krueger
(2007) adds that when certain occupations are typed as masculine, women’s intentions to pursue these occupations will be
weaker, because they perceive themselves as less able and/or skilled. In fact, Thébaud’s findings show that in most of the 24
countries in the GEM sample (which includes Belgium and the United States), male entrepreneurs are more likely to believe
that they have the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to be an entrepreneur. In this study, we focus on individuals’
perceived importance of the lack of entrepreneurial competencies as a barrier to entrepreneurship. The importance of
perceived skills was also examined cross-culturally by Uslay, Teach, and Schwartz (2002) who assessed the importance of
perceived lack of experience as a barrier to entrepreneurship in Spain, the United States, and Turkey. They found significant
cross-cultural differences in the importance students attributed to this barrier. Namely, Turkish and Spanish students
“perceived lack of experience as a more significant obstacle for entrepreneurship than the U.S. respondents”.
IV.
This research study seeks to determine and examine the level of entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial to open a
small business of the Grade 12 ABM students of Bataan National High School- Senior High School. Understanding and
evaluating their intention and traits regarding entrepreneurship is essential to providing solutions, improvements, and future
developments to the emerging findings.
1. How may the respondent’s profile be described in terms of:

1.1 sex?
2. What is the level of entrepreneurial intention in terms of starting a business
3. What is the level of entrepreneurial traits in terms of;
3.1 Need for Achievement
3.2 Tolerance of Ambiguity

3.3 Visionary
3.4 Persistence
4. What is the significant relationship of level of entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial traits of the respondents
V.
The participants of this study will include all the 9 sections of the Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, Management strand of
Bataan National High School- Senior High School 2022-2023
Entrepreneurial Traits
Name:
Section:
Sex:
Strongly agree -1 Agree-2 Disagree-3 Strongly Disagree-4
Need for achievement
1.) I like to accept responsibility for my own performance.

2.) I want to know how well I have been doing.
3.) I enjoy working on moderately difficult and challenging tasks.
4.) I am thinking of accomplishing goals rather than my previous achievement.
Tolerance of Ambiguity
1.) I need to know that it’s already been done before I’m willing to try.
2.) I feel that example sentences are only helpful when we have already gone over the
3.) When we do a new activity or game, I prefer to know all of the rules before I start.
4.) When faced with the ambiguity of change, I try to create certainty.
5.) In the midst of something unfamiliar, I try to make sense of what I am experiencing.
Visionary
1.) I do not want to be just a housewife.

2.) I have a clear vision of myself operating at my best.
3.) I understand my vision.
4.) My written vision statement cause positive physical sensations.
Persistence
1.) I can usually accept things in stride.

2.) I always easily to find something to make myself happy.
3.) I can overcome challenges by believing in myself.
4.) I usually get a solution, even in difficult conditions.
5.) I can manage many things at once.
6.) I will do a job until completion.
The questionare on Entreprenurial Intentions was adapted from the study Damianus Abun, S. Lalaine, M. Luisita,
V. Belandres, V. Belandres, F. Agoot, T. Magallanes (2018) and the questionare on Entreprenurial Traits was
adapted from the study of Al Mamun, A., Bin Yusoff, M. N. H., Ibrahim, M.D. (2018).
VI. Gant Chart
VII. References
Brownhilder, 2014
https://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/ article/view/3763
S. Turner, US SBA, Small Business and

Entrepreneurial Council, 2016
https://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/ article/view/3763
Muhammad, 2017
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/1
0.1108/00400911111147730/full/html
Shane, Locke, and Collins, 2012

BATAAN NATIONAL
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/a HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
bs/pii/S1053482203000172
Gorrospe, 2020
https://www.rappler.com/hustle/work/list-resources-starting-online-business-students/
Small Business Association

https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1231&context=ijamt
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2014 http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/economyprofiles/philippines/policy
Panigrahi, 2020
https://www.thehighereducationreview.com/news /benefits-of-entrepreneurship-education-forstudents-nid-1209.html
Yeung & Professor Russ, 2020
https://www.borgenmagazine.com/entrepreneurs hip-in-the-philippines/
Chaerudin, 2018
https://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijet/ar ticle/view/17555
Tomada, 2022
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.philstar.com/entertainment/2022/07/13/2194885/how-failed-businesses-made-ara-
mina-successful-entrepreneur/amp/
Adalia, 2021
https://www.businessnews.com.ph/zest-o-owner-alfredo-yaos-rags-to-riches-success-story-20210316/
Ciavarella, M.A., Buchholtz, A.K., Riordan, C.M., Gatewood, R.D. and Stokes, G.S. (2004), “The big five and venture
survival: is there a linkage?”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 465-483.
https://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeejbvent/v_3a19_3ay_3a2004_3ai_3a4_3ap_3a465-483.htm
AT Karabulut - Procedia-Social and Behavioral
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Orman%27s+%282009%29&btnG=
Al Mamun, A., Bin Yusoff, M. N. H., Ibrahim, M.D. (2018).Validating the Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Traits.
Economics and Sociology, 11(1), 139-155. doi:10.14254/2071-789X.2018/11-
https://www.economics-sociology.eu/files/13_09_477_Al%2520Mamun_Bin
%2520Yusoff_Ibrahim.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiGqpy728j7AhUQ-
2EKHV0EDNQQFnoECC4QAQ&usg=AOvVaw3j1ccfmcA3islyzOCEH0sP

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Republic of the Philippines

Entrepreneurial Traits and Entrepreneurial

Broqueza, Christine Mae

Castillo, Aron Joy

Cuenco, Leslie Anne D.

Pangilinan, Rainell Jehon

II. Background of the Study

III. Entrepreneurial Traits

Entrepreneurial Intention in Opening a Small Business

Entrepreneurial Intention in terms of Sex

developments to the emerging findings.

1. How may the respondent’s profile be described in terms of:

3.2 Tolerance of Ambiguity

Strongly agree -1 Agree-2 Disagree-3 Strongly Disagree-4

Need for achievement

1.) I like to accept responsibility for my own performance.

1.) I do not want to be just a housewife.

1.) I can usually accept things in stride.

VI. Gant Chart

S. Turner, US SBA, Small Business and

Shane, Locke, and Collins, 2012

Small Business Association

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2014 http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/economyprofiles/philippines/policy

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