Distribution of Fishery Production Spatially and Temporally

Using Satellite Imagery in the Arafura Sea

Abstract. High potential in the form of fish with high economic value such as shrimp and
demersal fish, so that Arafura waters are known as gold fishing grounds. the Fishing business
in Arafura waters has grown rapidly and is operated commercially, especially for waters above
12 miles from the coastline and in the ZEE Indonesian in the southern part of the waters.
Demersal fisheries in Indonesia is one the important exporters and economically contributed to
investment in the fisheries sector. The satellite approach to primary productivity and potential
utilization has the potential to reduce uncertainty in calculations and improve understanding of
spatial, and temporal patterns and the factors that influence them. The data used is data that is
analyzed to get the value of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, and PAR.
Primary productivity is calculated using the Vertically Generalized Production Model
(VGPM). The estimation of fishery potential is calculated using the Fish Production Model.
From the results of the analysis, it was found that primary productivity and fishery potential in
the Arafura Sea were correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.92, and fluctuated depending
on the season. The average monthly primary productivity starts to increase in June, namely in
the east monsoon, and reaches a peak in August. The average primary productivity in the
Arafura Sea for 10 years shows a relationship with fish catch potential.

1. Introduction
The increasing demand for fish as an essential food source, the need for demand in the local fishery
market can encourage the need for the use of modern technology for maximum results and support the
fishing industry in making the best use of marine resources (Muhammad et al. 2022).
Fish catchment areas cannot be separated from the primary productivity (PP) of the waters,
oceanographic dynamics plays a role in regulating fish behavior. The presence or abundance of fish is
an indication that the fertile waters have formed fishing grounds. The results of various studies have
shown that waters that are included in the fertile category are potential fishing areas (Simbolon 2019).
Oceanographic parameters that affect fish catchment areas include sea surface temperature and
chlorophyll-a concentration. (Daqamseh et al. 2019). The location of waters with a high content of
chlorophyll-a can be shown in waters rich in fish because of its location which is rich in food
(Muhammad et al. 2022). Chlorophyll-a is the most common pigment in phytoplankton and plays a
role in the photosynthesis process and the content of chlorophyll-a can be used as an indicator of water
fertility (Nybakken, 1992).
Fishermen usually determine the catch zone by looking at foam or ripples on the sea surface and birds
flying on the sea surface. For fishermen, this is used as a parameter of fish abundance in an area which
can also be predicted based on oceanographic conditions of the waters (Muhammad et al. 2022).
Remote sensing technology can determine water areas that have potential beneficial fish resources to
determine sea surface temperature and the distribution of chlorophyll-a. Ship-based in situ
measurements are limited to measuring spatial and temporal dynamics on a large scale and are time-
consuming and costly. Primary productivity satellite observations help in accurate assessment of the
photosynthetic process. The net primary productivity as well as potential fish catch zones can be
estimated using remote sensing data. One of the satellite images that can be used to estimate net
primary productivity in the waters is the Aqua satellite with a level 3 MODIS (Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor with a resolution of 4 km. In processing the flow pattern
parameters and using daily data from MyOcean or Marine Copernicus. By implementing a geographic
information system, the three data are processed to produce new information regarding the relationship
of seasonal variability to the horizontal distribution of primary productivity and fish catchment areas
in the Java Sea waters.
2. Methode

2.1.

The technique used in this method uses visual analysis based on spatial and temporal. Spatial
here means conducting research based on the scope of space or regional boundaries, namely the Java
sea area. While the temporal is within a certain time span within a span of 10 years, namely 2010 to
2022.

The initial stage of data processing is data extraction, this process produces new data in the form
of daily data for 10 years in the form of Binary Files. The second stage is to compile (compile) each
10-year daily data into 10-year monthly data. This is aimed at averaging the distribution of primary
productivity spatially in the period 2010 to 2022. The third stage is merging monthly data into
climatological data. At this stage, each month's data in each year are combined to produce
climatological data. To calculate the average monthly climatological data, use the following equation:

…………….. (3.7)

X is the monthly average data from monthly climatological data at position X (x,y) , xi (x, y, t) is
value data at position (x,y) and at time t , n is the number of data in the month to -1 and monthly data
number 1 for the climatological period (eg, from 2015 to 2017 = 10 data), for the calculation of
monthly data and monthly climatological data, if xi is an empty pixel then it is not included in the
calculation (Wirasatria, 2015).

2.2. primary productivity method

The Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM) was used to calculate column primary
productivity of satellite-derived Chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature and daily sea surface
photosynthetic active radiation (PAR).

The VGPM formula can be written as follows:

Primary productivity = 0.66125 x PBopt x ( ) x CSAT x Zeu x DIRR

Zeu =

=
PBopt =

PBopt = 1,2956 +(2,749 x 10–1.x T)+( 6.17 x 10–2.x T2)- ( 2.05 x 10–2.x T3)+ ( 2.462 x 10–3.x T4)-
( 1.348 x 10–4.x T5)+ ( 3.4132 x 10–6.x T6)- ( 3.27 x 10–8.x T7)

Primary productivity is integrated daily carbon fixation at euphotic depth which is derived from the
chlorophyll equation (mg/Cm-2d-1)
T= sea surface temperature in degrees Celsius
CSAT = sea surface chlorophyll concentration (mgchl/m-3)
PBopt = optimal daily rate of carbon fixation in the water column [mgCmg Chl)-1h-1 as a function of
sea surface temperature
Zeu= euphotic depth in (meters)
E0= daily light intensity of sea level (mol quanta m-2d-1)
DIRR= daily photoperiod calculated in decimal hours for the middle of the month