I@G[VH\ 9: Ht`eis, emfhphmfhmih gmf ibrpbrgth abvhrmgmih

 

\HSEHQ WXHYVEBMY: 9.7, 9.8, 9.5, 9.7< gmf 9.76,

FEYIXYYEBM [\BLDHNY GMF IGYH YVXFEHY: 9.70, 9.<;, 9.<<, 9.<6 gmf 9.<3

9.7 Q`gt es nhgmt ly t`h thrn ‐ht`eis―2 DB 9.7

 Ht`eis es ibmihrmhf wet` t`h rhquerhnhmts cbr t`h ahmhrgd whddlhema, prbsphrety, `hgdt` gmf
`g
`gppe
ppemhs
mhsss bc phbpdh
phbpdh,, gmf
gmf wet`
wet` t`h t`emas
t`emas t`gt
t`gt prbnbt
prbnbth h br prhvhm
prhvhmtt t`t`hsh
hsh i`grgi
i`grgithr
thresi
esis.
s.
[rbchssebmgd ht`eis rhquerhs ombwdhfah bc nbrgd premiepdhs gmf soedd em gppdyema t`bsh premiepdhs
tb prbldhns br fhiesebms. @gvema prbchssebmgd ht`eis es gm enpbrtgmt pgrt bc gufema lhema
rhibameshf gs g prbchssebm.

9.8 Fhsirelh `bw ht`eigd fhiesebm-ngoema nbfhds igm lh ushf ly gufetbrs tb gssest t`hn em
rhsbdvema ht`eigd fedhnngs. DB 9.9

 Ht`eigd fhiesebm-ngoema nbfhds `hdp tb rhsbdvh ht`eigd fedhnngs ly prbvefema g crgnhwbro cbr
fhiesebm ngoema. Hgi` bc t`h nbfhds hmsurhs t`gt t`h gufetbr ibmsefhrs gdd t`h cgits, t`h ht`eigd
essuhs, t`h gdthrmgvhs gmf t`h ibmshquhmihs, lhcbrh ngoema g fhiesebm.

9.5 Dest gmf lrehcy hxpdgem t`h vh igthabrehs b t`rhgts tb emfhphmfhmih desthf em G[HY 77;.
DB 9.6

  V`h vh igthabrehs bc t`rhgts tb emfhphmfhmih, giibrfema tb G[HY 77;.7;;.7< gmf G[HY
77;.<;;.9, grh:
7. Yhdc-emthrhst t`rhgts: ngy biiur gs g rhsudt bc t`h mgmiegd br bt`hr emthrhsts bc g nhnlhr br
bc gm ennhfegth br idbsh cgnedy nhnlhr
<. Yhdc-rhvehw t`rhgts: ngy biiur w`hm g prhvebus jufanhmt mhhfs tb lh rh-hvgdugthf ly t`h
nhnlhr rhspbmseldh cbr t`gt jufanhmt
9.  Gfvbigiy t`rhgts: ngy biiur w`hm g nhnlhr prbnbths g pbsebm br bpemebm tb t`h pbemt
t`gt sulshquhmt bljhivety ngy lh ibnprbneshf
6. Cgnedegrety t`rhgts: ngy biiur w`hm, lhigush bc g idbsh rhdgbms`ep, g nhnlhr lhibnhs tbb
synpgt`hi tb t`h emthrhsts bc bt`hrs
8. Emnefgbm t`rhgts: ngy biiur w`hm g nhnlhr ngy lh fhthrrhf crbn gima bljhivhdy ly
t`rhgts, gitugd br phrihevhf.

9.7< Hxpdgem `bw t`h hh br gm gufet hmagahnhmt ngy lh fhthrnemhf. DB 9.8
 

  V`h chh cbr gm gufet hmagahnhmt s`budf rhhit cgerdy t`h vgduh bc t`h wbro phrcbrnhf, em
giibrfgmih wet` G[HY 77;.<6;. Et es fhthrnemhf ly t`h nh mhihssgredy sphmt ly nhnlhrs bc 
t`h gufet
gufet thgn,
thgn, led
leddhf
dhf gt g stgmfg
stgmfgrf
rf rgth
rgth ibrrhs
ibrrhspbm
pbmfem
fema
a tb t`h hxphre
hxphrehmi
hmih,
h, soedds
soedds gmf
qugdeigbms bc t`h stg emvbdvhf gmf t`h fharhh bc rhspbmseledety gppdeigldh tb t`h wbro.

9.76 Hxpdgem t`h i`grgithresis b gm gufet ibnnehh gmf `bw et umibms.

DB 9.3

Giibumma lbfehs― ibfh b ht`eis 

ht`eis   9.70 NHFEXN Ubu `gvh lhhm gsohf ly ybur gufet idehmt
Lduh Qgthr Dtf tb prhpgrh g rhpbrt t`gt gmgdyshs t`h pbthmgd giquesebm b Bihgm [ty Dtf.
Gs pgrt b ybur gmgdyses, ybu fhiefh tb vhrey t`h giiurgiy gmf ibnpdhthmhss b Bihgm―s nbst
rhihmt igs` cbw stgthnhmt. Ghr rhvehwema g frg b ybur prhdenemgry gmgdyses, t`h i`eh 
mgmiegd bihr (ICB) b Lduh Qgthr, Jedd Yynhs, `gs gsohf ybu tb bius ybur ghmbm bm
Bihgm
Bih gm―s
―s sgd
sgdhs
hs gmf prb
prbtg
tgled
ledety
ety gmf tb gvb
gvbef
ef t`h fe
festr
strgi
gibm
bm b igs
igs`
` cbw rhp
rhpbr
brma.
ma. Y`h
suaahsts t`gt t`h giquesebm wedd prbvefh sulstgmgd uturh mgmiegd lhmhts tb Lduh Qgthr
gmf t`gt ibmusema t`h lbgrf wet` igs` cbw essuhs wbudf mbt lh `hdpud tb t`h giquesebm br
tb t`h deohde`bbf b ybur lhema gsohf tb umfhrtgoh senedgr hmagahnhmts em t`h uturh.
\HWXE\HF

Dest twb t`rhgts

prbhssebmgd t`gt
ht`eis, ngy
gmf hxest em
efhmy t`hrhagrf tb ibnpdegmih
umfgnhmtgd wet`
premiepdhs t`h
t`gt grhumfgnhmtgd premiepdhs
gt reso b lhema b 
lrhgi`hf.
DB 9.<

Gm gufet ibnnehh es g sulibnnehh bc t`h lbgrf bc ferhitbrs gmf usugddy ibmsests sbdhdy br
ngemdy bc mbm-hxhiuvh ferhitbrs. Gufet ibnnehhs `gvh lhhm hstgldes`hf prengredy tb:

• gssest
gssest t`h lbgrf
lbgrf bc ferhitbrs
ferhitbrs tb cudd
cudd ets dhagd fuiegry
fuiegry rhspbmsele
rhspbmseledehs
dehs
• gff tb t`h irhfel
irhfeledet
edetyy gmf
gmf bljhi
bljhivet
vetyy bc mgmie
mgmiegdgd rhpbrt
rhpbrtss
• hm`gmi
hm`gmih h t`h emfhph
emfhphmfhmfhmih
mih gmf hhiv
hhivhmh hmhss
ss bc gufet
gufetbrs
brs
• bvhrsh
bvhrshh h t`h
t`h gppd
gppdeig
eigbm
bm bc gpprb
gpprbpre
pregt
gthh giib
giibum
umma
ma pb
pbdei
deiehs
ehs gmf prbihf
prbihfurh
urhss gmf
gmf hmsurh
hmsurh
gpprbpregth fesidbsurh

•
• hstgldes`
hstgldes`
hstgld
hstgldes` gmf nbmetb
es` gmf nbmetbr
nbmetbr
nbmetbrr hhiv
ibrpbrgt
ibrpivh
hh brgth
hhemthrm
pbdeiehs
pbdei
emt ehs
hrmgd tbfprb`elet
gd gmf
gm prb`
ngmelet
ngmgah umht`eigd
umht`
nhmtt eigd
gahnhm br eddhagd
ibmtrb
ibmtrbdseddhag
ds d givehs
givehs
• prbvefh
prbvefh g ibnnumei
ibnnumeigbm
gbm demo lhtwhhm
lhtwhhm ngmgahnhm
ngmgahnhmt, t, gufetbrs
gufetbrs gmf t`h lbgrf.
lbgrf.
FEYIXYYEBM [\BLDHNY GMF IGYH YVXFEHY

Giibumma lbfehs― ibfh bc ht`eis 

ht`eis 
9.70 NHFEXN Ubu `gvh lhhm gsohf ly ybur gufet idehmt Lduh Qgthr Dtf tb prhpgrh g rhpbrt
t`gt gmgdyshs t`h pbthmgd giquesebm b Bihgm [ty Dtf. Gs pgrt b ybur gmgdyses, ybu fhiefh
tb vhrey t`h giiurgiy gmf ibnpdhthmhss b Bihgm―s nbst rhihmt igs` cbw stgthnhmt. Ghr
rhvehwema g frg b ybur prhdenemgry gmgdyses, t`h i`eh mgmiegd bihr (ICB) b Lduh Qgthr,
Jedd Yynhs, `gs gsohf ybu tb bius ybur ghmbm bm Bihgm―s sgdhs gmf prbtgledety gmf tb
gvbef t`h festrgibm b igs` cbw rhpbrma. Y`h suaahsts t`gt t`h giquesebm wedd prbvefh

sulstgmgd uturh mgmiegd lhmhts tb Lduh Qgthr gmf t`gt ibmusema t`h lbgrf wet` igs`
 

cbw essuhs wbudf mbt lh `hdpud tb t`h giquesebm br tb t`h deohde`bbf b ybur lhema gsohf tb
umfhrtgoh senedgr hmagahnhmts em t`h uturh.
\HWXE\HF
Dest twb t`rhgts t`gt ngy hxest em rhagrf tb ibnpdegmih wet` t`h umfgnhmtgd premiepdhs b 
prbhssebmgd ht`eis, gmf efhmy t`h umfgnhmtgd premiepdhs t`gt grh gt reso b lhema lrhgi`hf.
DB 9.<

V`h t`rhgts em rhagrf tb ibnpdegmih wet` t`h cumfgnhmtgd premiepdhs grh:

• Remnefgbm t`rhgt, lgshf bm `gvema tb cbddbw t`h ferhivh bc t`h ICB br reso `grnema t`h
wbroema rhdgbms`ep gmf suhrema g phmgdty bc dbst wbro (G[HY 77;.7;;.7<(h) br <;;.9(h))

• Rshdc-emthrhst t`rhgt, w`hrh t`h pbthmgd cbr cuturh lhmhts ngy lh rhfuihf (e.h. dbss bc 
cuturh wbro ec t`h rhdgbms`ep lrhgos fbwm (G[HY 77;.7;;.7<(g) br <;;.9(g)).

V`h cumfgnhmtgd premiepdhs gt reso bc lhema lrhgi`hf grh:

• Remtharety ‖ec
‖ec ybu grh mbt `bmhst em ybur gmgdyses. Gs pgrt bc fhnbmstrgma emtharety ybu grh
rhquerhf tb hmsurh t`gt rhpbrts fb mbt bnet br blsiurh emcbrngbm, w`hrh sui` bnessebms br
blsiurety wbudf lh nesdhgfema (G[HY 77;.77;.<)

• Rbljhivety ‖ec
‖ec ybu gddbw t`h emnefgbm br shdc-emthrhst tb emuhmih ybur rhpbrt (G[HY
77;.7<;.<).

• Ribn
ibnpht
phthmi
hmih
h gmf fuh ig rh‖g prbphr ibnphthmt gmgdyses bc t`h tgohbvhr rhquerhs
igrh
ibmsefhrgbm bc ets enpgit bm igs` bws (G[HY 77;.79;.<).

Gufetbr emfhphmfhmih
9.<; HGYU ‐Gufetbrs grh rhspbmseldh br t`h spgth b ngjbr ibrpbrgth ibddgpshs. V`hy `gvh
abhm tbb ibsy wet` ngmgahnhmt, emsthgf b prbthima s`grh`bdfhrs gmf emvhstbrs.―
\HWXE\HF
Hxpdgem w`ht`hr ybu garhh br fesgarhh wet` t`es stgthnhmt. Ubur rhspbmsh s`budf ibmsefhr
t`h rbdh t`gt dgio b gufetbr emfhphmfhmih ngy `gvh pdgyhf em ibrpbrgth gedurhs. DB 9.6

Gufetbrs
Gufetb rs fb mbt igushigush ibnpg
ibnpgmeh
mehss tb ibddgp
ibddgpsh.
sh. Xsugdd
Xsugddyy ibd
ibddgp
dgpshs
shs biiur
biiur lhigus
lhigush
h bc pbbr
pbbr
ngmgahnhmt, crguf br hxthrmgd cgitbrs sui` gs hibmbnei fbwmturms gmf mgturgd fesgsthrs.
@bwhvhr, t`h quhsbm es w`ht`hr gufetbrs s`budf `gvh wgrmhf ushrs bc t`h prbldhns. Q`hrh
gu
gufe
fett cg
cged
edur
urh
h `gs
`gs biiu
biiurr
rrhf
hf,, t`
t`h
h qu
quhs
hsb
bmm es w`ht
w`ht`h`hrr et `gs
`gs biiu
biiurr
rrhf
hf lhig
lhigus
ush
h bc dgio
dgio bc 
ibnphthmih br dgio bc emfhphmfhmih. Idhgrdy, em sbnh ibrpbrgth ibddgpshs, sui` gs Qgsth
Ngmgahnhmt
Ngmgahnh mt Emi., Hmrbm gmf @E@ Emsurgmih, gufetbr emfhphmfhmih wgs gm essuh. Gdt`bua` t`h
hxthmt tb w`ei` et ibmtreluthf tb t`h prbldhns es umidhgr, t`hrh es g phrihpbm t`gt dgio bc 
gufetbr emfhphmfhmih fef pdgy g rbdh. Gs g rhsudt, t`hrh wgs g mhhf cbr t`h prbchssebm gmf
rhaudg
rhaudgtbr
tbrss tb tbua`
tbua`hmhm up emfhph
emfhphmfh
mfhmi
mih
h rhquer
rhquerhnh
hnhmts
mts,, w`ei`
w`ei` `gs biiurr
biiurrhf
hf t`
t`rbu
rbua`
a` t`h
 

a`thmema bc emfhphmfhmih rhquerhnhmts em G[HY 77; gmf t`h IDH\[ 5 gnhmfnhmts tb t`h
Ibrpbrgbms
 Git <;;7 em Gustrgdeg gmf senedgr rhquerhnhmts emthrmgbmgddy, sui` gs t`h Ygrlgmhs-Bx
Ygrlgmhs-Bxdhy
dhy Git 
<;;< em t`h XY.

9.
9.<<
<< NH
NHFE
FEXN
XN Mhwpbrt & Gssbiegths (Mhwpbrt) es g dgrah gufet rn wet` idehmts dbigthf
grbumf Gustrgdeg. Furema Gpred <;70, Mhwpbrt wgs suiihssud em bltgemema g mhw idehmt, Idhgr
Fegambsis Dtf (IFD), w`ei` es bmh b Gustrgdeg―s dhgfema prbvefhrs b fegambsi engaema
shrveihs gmf bwms 9; fegambsi idemeis girbss Gustrgdeg.
[rebr tb t`h gppbemtnhmt b Mhwpbrt gs t`h gufetbr b IFD br t`h mgmiegd yhgr hmfhf 9;
Jumh <;70, sbnh prhdenemgry gmgdyses efhmhf t`h bddbwema embrngbm:

Gdhx Yedvhr,
Yedvhr, bmh b t`h gssestgmts
gssestgmts gt Mhwpbrt emthmfhf
emthmfhf tb lh pgrt b t`h 9; Jumh <;70 gufet
thgn, bwms s`grhs em IFD. Gdhx―s emthrhst es mbt ngthregd tb `en.
Mhwpbrt wgs prhvebusdy hmagahf ly IFD tb vgduh ets emthddhitugd prbphrty. V`h ibmsbdefgthf
stgthnhmt b mgmiegd pbsebm gs gt 9; Jumh <;70 emidufhs emtgmaeldh gsshts b $<8 neddebm,
w`ei` whrh vgduhf ly Mhwpbrt bm 7 Ngri` <;70, bddbwema IFD―s giquesebm b gmbt`hr
fegambsi engaema ibnpgmy. V`h emtgmaeldhs grh ibmsefhrhf ngthregd tb IFD.

\HWXE\HF
(g) Efhmy gmf hxpdgem gmy pbthmgd t`rhgts tb Mhwpbrt―s emfhphmfhmih
emfhphmfhmih
gs IFD―s gufetbr.
(l) Hxpdgem w`gt gibm Mhwpbrt s`budf tgoh, e gmy, tb hdenemgth gmy
pbthmgd t`rhgts efhmhf em (g).
(i) Efhmy gm gpprbpregth sghaugrf t`gt Mhwpbrt ibudf enpdhnhmt tb
rhfuih t`h reso b g senedgr emfhphmfhmih t`rhgt biiurrema em t`h
uturh. DB 9.6
Yetugbm
Yetu gbm (g) Vyph b t`rhgt
t`rhgt gmf (l) Gibm tb (i)(i) Ygh
Yghau
augr
grf
f tb
hxpdgmgbm hdenemgth t`rhgt rhfuih reso b 
t`rhgt em t`h
uturh

(e) Yhdc-emthrhst‖t`h
thgn nhnlhr `bdfs gufet V`h
nhnlhr
nhnl gufet thgn
hr s`budf
s`bu df Mhwpb
Mhwpbrt
putt
pu rt
em s`budf
s`bu
dgidf
pdgi h
s`grhs em t`h gufet idehmt fespbsh bc t`her pbde
pb deie
iehs
hs gmf
sui` t`gt t`her s`grhs br s`budf prbihfurh
prbi hfurhss t`gt
emfh
emfhph
phmf
mfhm
hmih
ih gm
gmff mbt lh pgrt bc t`h prb`elet
bljhivety ngy lh shhm gufet thgn hnpdbyhhs
hnpdb yhhs crbn
tb lh enpgerhf bwmema
bwm ema s`grhs
s`grhs em
gmy gufet idehmt.
Gufet thgn
nhnlhrs
nhnl hrs ibudf
ibudf
gdsb
gdsb lh gsohgsohff tb
seam gm

emfhphmfhmih
fhidgrgbm prebr
 

tb jbemjbemem
ema
a t`t`hh
thgn
Yhdc-rhvehw‖Mhwpbrt Gm emfhphmfh
emfhphmfhmt
mt G pbdeiy s`budf lh
(ee) prhveb
prh vebus
usdy
dy prbvef
prbvefhf
hf vgdugbm
vgdugbm s`budf
s`budf putt
pu em pdgi
dgih
vgdug
vgdugbms
bms t`t`gt
gt grh lh sbua`t cbr t`h fesgdd
fesgddbwe
bwema ma t`h
fesi
fesidb
dbsh
shff bm t`
t`h
h emtgmaeldh gsshts pr
prbv
bves
eseb
ebmm bc 

stgthnhmt
pbsebm gmfbc t`gt
mgmiegd
wedd fesidbshf
st
stgt
gthn hmtt bm t`h
hnhm bc  vgdug
vgdugbm
bm shrveihs
tb gufet shrv eihs
idehmts,
mbw lh gufethf ly t`h mgmiegd pbsebm gmf prebr
rebr tb
sgnh gufet rn br Mhwpbrt giihptgmih bc gmy
s`budf
s`b udf mbt lh mhw gufet
gp
gppb
pbem
emth
thf
f gs gppbemtnhm
gppb emtnhmtt gdd
gufetbr bc IFD hxesma
rhdgbms`eps gmf
hmagahnhmts
s`budf lh
fesidbshf

9.<6 @G\F Ubugufet

nhfeun-sezhf grh gm gssurgmih
rn shrveihs
em Lreslgmh. I&Vpgrtmhr gt Ibmmbr
wgs gsohf & Vrgemhr
em Ngri` (I&V),
<;70 tb g mbnemgbm gs
giihpt
t`h gufetbr b Ihdhsgd Dtf, w`ei` bphrgths em t`h nemema gmf rhsburihs shitbr. [rebr tb
giihpma t`h mbnemgbm, ybu wes` tb hmsurh t`gt ybu gmf ybur rn nhht gdd t`h rhdhvgmt
emfhphmfhmih
emfhphmfhm ih rhquerhnhmts umfhr t`h Ibrpbrgbms Git <;;7.

Lhbrh giihpma t`h mbnemgbm, ybu `gvh efhmhf t`h bddbwema setugbms:
7 Ihdhsgd iurrhmtdy `gs g vgigmiy bm ets lbgrf b ferhitbrs gmf wbudf deoh g pgrtmhr b I&V
wet` hxphrsh
hxphrsh em luse
lusemhss
mhss struiturhs
struiturhs tb dd t`h vgigm
vgigmiy.
iy. Hxphrehmih
Hxphrehmih em gssur
gssurgmih
gmih shrveihs
shrveihs es
prhhrrhf,, lut mbt rhquerhf.
prhhrrhf
< Crgmihsig Lbmmeie, g brnhr gssurgmih shrveihs ngmgahr b I&V, es mbw t`h ICB b Ihdhsgd.
Y`h dh I&V tb tgoh up `hr mhw rbdh em Chlrugry <;71.

9 Ahbrah B―Ibmmhr es g shmebr EV ngmgahr gt I&V. Bvhr t`h pgst twb yhgrs `h `gs igrrehf but
shvhrgd ngjbr prbjhits br Ihdhsgd. Ahbrah―s fgua`thr, Irystgd, es g umevhrsety stufhmt w`b
devhs
devhs gt `bn
`bnhh gmf rhirhihm
hmtdy
tdy pu
puri`
ri`gsh
gshf
f s`g
s`grhs
rhs em Ihd
Ihdhs
hsgd
gd use
usema
ma g sng
sngdd
dd em`
em`hr
hretg
etgmih
mih s`h
rhihevhf rbn `hr argmfgt`hr.
\HWXE\HF
(g) Cbr hgi` b t`h emfhphmfhmt setugbms desthf glbvh, ibmsefhr w`ht`hr t`h rhquerhnhmts
b t`h Ibrpbrgbms Git <;;7 `gvh lhhm nht.
(l) Q`hrh t`h rhquerhnhmts `gvh mbt lhhm nht, efhmy w`ht`hr g rhnhfy es gvgedgldh t`gt
wbudf gddbw I&V tb giihpt t`h mbnemgbm. DB 9.6

(e) Ec g pgrtmhr
pgrtmhr giihpts t`h gppb
gppbemtnh
emtnhmt,
mt, t`hm t`h sphiei emfhphmfhmih
emfhphmfhmih rhquerhnhmts
rhquerhnhmts bc 
shibm 9<6 IC (7) wedd lh lrhgi`hf, gs pgrtmhrs grh emidufhf em t`h dest bc phbpdh aevhm em

shibm 9<6 C (8) w`b grh mbt gddbwhf tb lh bihrs bc t`h ibnpgmy gmf sb shibm 9<6 I@ wedd
gppdy. Ec t`h pgrtmhr fbhs mbt giihpt t`h ferhitbrs`ep, t`hm I&V igm giihpt t`h mbnemgbm.
 

(ee) Crgmihsig cgdds umfhr shibm 9<6 IC (8) ethn 7< gs g cbrnhr hnpdbyhh bc t`h gufet rn mbw
hnpdbyhf wet` t`h idehmt, irhgma g pbthmgd emfhphmfhmih t`rhgt. @bwhvhr, s`h sgshs t`h
emfhphmfhmih thst umfhr shibm 9<6 IC (1), gs s`h mbw `gs mb mgmiegd emvbdvhnhmt, rea`ts br
pgriepgbm wet` t`h gufet rn. V`hrhcbrh, t`h emfhphmfhmih rhquerhnhmts grh nht gmf mb
gibm es rhquerhf ly t`h gufet rn lhcbrh t`hy giihpt t`h mbnemgbm.

(eee) Irystgd es emidufhf em t`h dest bc phbpdh em shibm 9<6 IC (8) umfhr ethn 1, gs s`h gpphgrs tb
lh fhphmfhmt bm `hr cgnedy cbr suppbrt, gmf Ahbrah es g mbm-gufet shrveih prbvefhr w`b wbudf
mbt sgscy t`h ngxenun `burs thst bc dhss t`gm 7; `burs― wbro bm t`gt idehmt, gs `h `gs fbmh
shvhrgd ngjbr prbjhits. V`hrhcbrh, ethn 7; em shibm 9<6 I@ (7) wedd gppdy gmf em brfhr tb
ngemtgem emfhphmfhmih Irystgd wedd mhhf tb shdd `hr s`grhs em Ihdhsgd lhcbrh I&V igm giihpt
t`h mbnemgbm.

9.<3 @G\F Ubu `gvh rhihmtdy jbemhf t`h gufet rn b Ignhrbm, Igshy & Gssbiegths (IIG) gmf
`gvh
`g vh lh
lhhm
hm gso
gsohf
hf tb rhv
rhvehw
ehw t`h rn―s guf
gufet
et ide
idehmt
hmtss tb hm
hmsur
surh
h t`g
t`gtt t`h emfhphm
emfhphmfhm
fhmih
ih
rhquerhnhmts
rhquerhnhm ts b G[HY 77; grh lhema nht. Ubur rhvehw `gs rhvhgdhf t`h bddbwema:
(g) Y`gmmbm B―Lrehm es gm gufet ngmgahr gt IIG. Lhdd [ty Dtf es gm gufet idehmt b IIG gmf `gs

rhquhsthf t`gt
`erema b mhw Y`gmmbmgmf
phrsbmmhd `hdpemstruit
enpdhnhmt g mhw ibmtrbd
gmf bvhrshh systhn,
t`h trgemema grrgmahphrsbmmhd.
b iurrhmt emthrvehws
phrsbmmh d. br Lhdd―s
(l) Cbrtrhss Dtf rhquerhs gm gufet br t`h iurrhmt yhgr. @bwhvhr, Cbrtrhss `gs mbt pgef IIG t`h
hhs fuh br tgx-rhdgthf shrveihs phrbrnhf twb yhgrs gab. Cbrtrhss `gs mbw essuhf IIG g
prbnessbry mbth br t`h umpgef hhs, gmf IIG `gs prbihhfhf tb prbvefh t`h gufet shrveihs.
(i) IIG wgs rhihmtdy gppbemthf t`h gufetbr b Vgsty Cbbfs Dtf br t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh
<;70. V`h shmebr-em-i`grah, Ngrs`gdd V`bnpsbm, gmf gm gssestgmt blshrvhf t`h emvhmtbry
stbiotgoh bm 9; Jumh. Bm ibnpdhbm b t`h emvhmtbry blshrvgbm, Igrdy Qhlsthr, Vgsty
Cbbfs― giibumtgmt, embrnhf Ngrs`gdd t`gt t`h s`eppema suphrvesbr `gf g sngdd ae br `en
gmf t`h gssestgmt. Ngrs`gdd gsohf Igrdy w`gt t`h ae wgs br, gmf Igrdy rhspbmfhf t`gt t`hy
`gf gdwgys aevhm sngdd aes b bbf ethns tb t`her prhvebus gufetbrs bm ibnpdhbm b t`h
emvhmtbry blshrvgbm.
blshrvgbm. Ngrs`gdd hsngths t`gt t`h vgduh b t`h bbf es dhss t`gm $7;;.

(f)
bwmIIG gufets
g umet. V`hg umet
rhrhnhmt veddgah
es ngthregd em w`ei`
tb t`h t`hmht
pgrhmts― pgrhmts b gmf
wbrt`, g nhnlhr b t`hpgriepgths
t`h nhnlhr rn, Jufy I`uma,
em t`h
gufet hmagahnhmt.
\HWXE\HF
Cbr hgi` emfhphmfhmt setugbm desthf, stgth w`ht`hr G[HY 77; `gs lhhm lrhgi`hf gmf jusy
ybur gmswhr. DB 9.6

(g) Mb. G[HY 77;.<5;.737’73< emfeigths t`gt t`h gufetbr―s emfhphmfhmih es mbt enpgerhf umfhr
t`hsh ieriunstgmihs prbvefhf t`h idehmt ngohs gdd seameigmt ngmgahnhmt fhiesebms rhdgthf tb
t`h `erema bc mhw phrsbmmhd gmf t`h enpdhnhmtgbm bc t`h systhn. V`h gufetbr nust gdsb denet
t`her suphrvesbry givehs tb emegd emstruibm gmf trgemema bc phrsbmmhd gmf s`budf gvbef
ferhit
ferhit suphrv
suphrvese
esebm
bm bc t`h gitug
gitugdd bphrg
bphrgbm
bm bc t`
t`hh systhn
systhn br rhdgth
rhdgthf
f giveh
givehss t`gt
t`gt wbudf
wbudf

ibmstuth umfuh emvbdvhnhmt em br efhmigbm wet` ngmgahnhmt cumibms.

 

(l) Uhs. Emfhphmfhmih umfhr G[HY 77;.<5;.7<; es enpgerhf lhigush t`h prbnessbry mbth es g
prb`elethf dbgm crbn t`h nhnlhr tb t`h idehmt.
(i) Mb. G[HY 77;.<5;.<<8 gddbws gm gufetbr tb giihpt g ‐tbohm― ae crbn g idehmt, w`hrh t`h
vgduh es trevegd gmf emibmshquhmgd. Em t`es emstgmih, t`h ae bc cbbf ethns vgduhf gt dhss t`gm
$7;; wbudf deohdy lh trevegd gmf emibmshquhmgd.
(f) Uhs, G[HY 77;.<5;.7;6 emfeigths t`gt ec g idbsh rhdgvh (sui` gs g pgrhmt) bc g nhnlhr bc t`h

gufet
hmty,thgn `gs g ferhit
et irhgths mgmiegd t`rhgt
g shdc-emthrhst emthrhstt`gt
br gwbudf
ngthregd
lh emferhit mgmiegd
sb seameigmt emthrhst
t`gt em t`h gufethf
mb sgchaugrfs ibudf
rhfuih t`h t`rhgt tb gm giihptgldh dhvhd.

I@G[VH\ 8: [dgmmema, umfhrstgmfema t`h hmty gmf hvgdugma lusemhss reso

\HSEHQ WXHYVEBMY: 8.7, 8.9, 8.1, 8.7;, gmf 8.7<

FEYIXYYEBM [\BLDHNY GMF IGYH YVXFEHY: 8.78, 8.73, 8.<7, 8.<<, gmf 8.<3

Idehmt giihptgmih gmf ibmmugmih

8.7 Dest t`rhh ibmfebms t`gt G[HY 9<; stgths gm gufet rn nust gf`hrh tb
lhbrh et igm umfhrtgoh mhw hmagahnhmts br ibmmuh hxesma
hmagahnhmts. DB 8.7

 Ibmfetebms t`gt gm gufet cern nust nhht umfhr G[HY 9<;.98 lhcbrh umfhrtgoema g mhw hmagahnhmt br
ibmtemuema gm hxestema hmagahnhmt emidufh:
7 t`gt et `gs ibmsefhrhf t`h emtharety bc t`h idehmt gmf fbhs mbt `gvh emcbrngtebm t`gt wbudf dhgf et tb
ibmidufh t`gt t`h idehmt dgios emtharety
< t`gt et es ibnphthmt tb phrcbrn t`h hmagahnhmt gmf `gs t`h igpgledetehs, tenh gmf rhsburihs tb fb sb
9 t`gt et igm ibnpdy wet` ht`eigd rhquerhnhmts.

Gufet pdgmmema
8.9 Dest bur pdgmmema givehs butdemhf em GYG 9;; (EYG 9;;) t`gt t`h gufetbr
mhhfs tb ibmsefhr prebr tb t`h phrbrngmih b fhtgedhf gufet
prbihfurhs. DB 8.<
[dgmmema
[dgmmema give
givehshs t`gt
t`gt mhhf
mhhf tb lh ibmsefibmsefhrh
hrhff prebr
prebr tb t`
t`h
h phrcbr
phrcbrng
ngmih
mih bc curt`h
curt`hrr gufet
gufet
prbihfurhs giibrfema tb GYG 9;;.G< (EYG 9;;.G<) grh:
•   gppdeigbm bc gmgdyigd prbihfurhs gs reso-gsshssnhmt prbihfurhs
• bltgem
bltgemema
ema g ahmh
ahmhrgd
rgd umfhrs
umfhrstgm tgmfem
fema
a bc
bc tt`h
`h dhag
dhagdd gmf
gmf rhaudg
rhaudgtbr
tbryy crgn
crgnhwb
hwbro
ro gppd
gppdeig
eigldh
ldh tb
t`h hmty gmf `bw t`h hmty es ibnpdyema wet` t`gt crgnhwbro
• fhth
fhthrn
rnem
emg
gbm
bm bc ngth
ngthre regd
gdet
etyy
• emvb
emvbdv
dvh
hnhm
nhmt bc hx
hxph
phrt
rtss
• phrcbr
phrcbrngm
ngmih
ih bc bt`hr
bt`hr res
resoo gsshss
gsshssnhm
nhmtt prbihf
prbihfurh
urhs.s.

Lusemhss reso
8.1 Efhmy vh hxgnpdhs b nghrs t`gt t`h gufetbr ngy ibmsefhr em ghnpma
tb bltgem gm umfhrstgmfema b t`h hmty―s bljhivhs, strgthaehs gmf rhdgthf
lusemhss resos t`gt ngy rhsudt em g reso b ngthregd nesstgthnhmt b t`h
 

mgmiegd rhpbrt. DB 8.6

Hxgnpdhs bc nghrs t`gt t`h gufetbr ngy ibmsefhr w`hm bltgemema gm umfhrstgmfema bc t`h
hmty―s bljhivhs, strgthaehs gmf rhdgthf lusemhss resos t`gt ngy rhsudt em g reso bc ngthregd
nesstgthnhmt bc t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt emidufh:

• emfustry
emfustry fhvhdbpnhm
fhvhdbpnhmts
ts (g pbthmgd
pbthmgd rhdgthf
rhdgthf lusemhss
lusemhss reso nea`t lh, cbr hxgnpdh,
hxgnpdh, t`gt t`h

hmty
• fbhs
mhwmbt `gvh
uitst`h
prbfuits
prbf gmfphrsbmmhd
shrveihs (gbrpbthmgd
shrveihs hxphrsh
pbth tb fhgd
mgd rhdgthf
rhdgt wet`hss
t`hreso
hf lusemhss
lusem i`gmahs
nea`temlh,
nea`t t`hcbr
emfustry)
hxgnpdh,
hxgnpdh, t`gt
t`hrh es emirhgshf prbfuit degledety)
• hxpgmsebm
hxpgmsebm bc t`h lusemhss
lusemhss (g pbthmgd
pbthmgd rhdgthf
rhdgthf lusemhss
lusemhss reso nea`t lh, cbr hxgnpdh,
hxgnpdh, t`gt
t`gt
t`h fhngmf `gs mbt lhhm giiurgthdy hsngthf)
• mhw giibumma
giibumma rhquerhnhm
rhquerhnhmts ts (g pbthmgd
pbthmgd rhdgthf
rhdgthf lusemhss
lusemhss reso nea`t
nea`t lh, cbr hxgnpdh,
hxgnpdh,
emibnpdhth br enprbphr enpdhnhmtgbm, br emirhgshf ibsts)
• rhaudgtbr
rhaudgtbryy rhquerhnhm
rhquerhnhmtsts (g pbthmgd
pbthmgd rhdgthf
rhdgthf lusemhss
lusemhss reso nea`t lh, cbr hxgnpdh,
hxgnpdh, t`gt
t`hrh es emirhgshf dhagd hxpbsurh)
• iurrhmt
iurrhmt gmf prbsphiv
prbsphivhh mgmiema
mgmiema rhquerhnh
rhquerhnhmts
mts (g pbthmgd
pbthmgd rhdgthf
rhdgthf lusemhss
lusemhss reso nea`t
lh, cbr hxgnpdh, t`h dbss bc mgmiema fuh tb t`h hmty―s emgledety tb nhht rhquerhnhmts)
• ush bc EV (g pbthmgd
pbthmgd rhdgthf
rhdgthf lusemhss
lusemhss reso nea`t lh, cbr hxgnpdh,
hxgnpdh, t`gt
t`gt systhns
systhns gmf

prbihsshs
• t`hgrh emibnpgldh)
hhits
hhit s bc enpdhnhmm
enpdhnhmma
a g strgthay,
strgthay, pgriudgrd
pgriudgrdyy gmy hhits
hhits t`gt wedd dhgf tb mhw
giibumma rhquerhnhmts (g pbthmgd rhdgthf lusemhss reso nea`t lh, cbr hxgnpdh, emibnpdhth br
enprbphr enpdhnhmtgbm).

Fhvhdbpema gm bvhrgdd gufet strgthay

8.7; Hxpdgem t`h purpbsh b gm gufet prbargn. DB 8.8
Gm gpprbpregthdy prhpgrhf gufet prbargn shrvhs t`h cbddbwema purpbshs:
• Et prbvefhs
prbvefhs hvefhmih
hvefhmih bc prbphr
prbphr pdgmmema
pdgmmema gmf gddbws
gddbws g rhvehw bc t`h prbpbshf
prbpbshf gufet
sibph.
• Et aevhs t`h gufet
gufet thgn gmf t`h shmebr
shmebr gufet
gufet stg gm bppbrtum
bppbrtumety
ety tb rhvehw
rhvehw t`h prbpbshf
prbpbshf
sibph bc t`h gufet lhcbrh t`h wbro es phrcbrnhf, w`hm t`hrh es sdd nh tb nbfecy t`h

prbpbshf
• gufetfhs
prbihfurhs.
Et prbvefhs
prbve auefgmih
auefgmih tb dhss hxphrehmihf
hxphrehmihf stg nhnlhrs
nhnlhrs ly emfeigma
emfeigma t`h sphiei
sphiei gufet
prbihfurhs tb lh phrcbrnhf ly hgi` bmh.
• Et prbvefhs
prbvefhs hvefhmih
hvefhmih bc t`h wbro phrcbrnhf,
phrcbrnhf, gs hgi` stg nhnlhr
nhnlhr seams br emegds
emegds hgi`
sthp em t`h prbargn cbr w`ei` t`hy `gvh ibnpdhthf t`h rhquerhf wbro.
• Et prbvefhs
prbvefhs g nhgms
nhgms bc ibmtrbddem
ibmtrbddema
a t`h nh sphmt
sphmt bm t`h hmagahnhm
hmagahnhmt.t. V`h gufet
gufet prbargn
prbargn
usugddy emidufhs t`h hsngthf nh rhquerhf tb ibnpdhth hgi` gufet sthp gmf prbvesebms cbr
rhibrfema t`h gitugd nh tgohm.

Gmgdyigd prbihfurhs
8.7< Fhsirelh t`h purpbsh b phrbrnema gmgdyigd prbihfurhs gt t`h pdgmmema
stgah b gm gufet. DB 8.1

8.7<
8.7< Gmgdy
Gmggmf
lusemhss dyigd
igd prbihf
prbihfurh
urhss gt t`h pdgmme
pdgmmema
ma stgah
stgah bc t`
t`h
h gufet
gufet gsses
gssestt em umfhrs
umfhrstgm
tgmfem
fema
a t`h
 

efhmcyema grhgs bc pbthmgd reso. Gmgdyigd prbihfurhs ngy rhvhgd gsphits bc t`h lusemhss
glbut w`ei` t`h gufetbr wgs umgwgrh, gmf gssest em fhthrnemema t`h mgturh, nema gmf hxthmt
bc bt`hr gufet prbihfurhs.
V`hy gdsb aevh t`h gufetbr sbnh ombwdhfah bc t`h lusemhss gmf g lgsh gagemst w`ei` tb
ibnpgrh sulshquhmt hvgdugbms bc t`h rhgsbmgldhmhss bc t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt.

Fesiussebm
8.78 NHFEXN prbldhns
Wugdetygmf igshDtf
[gphr stufehs
(W[D) bphrgths g pudp gmf pgphr nedd t`gt
ngohs `ea`-argfh pgphr, usema wbbf rbn surrbumfem
s urrbumfemaa brhsts. @ea`dy tbxei
i`hneigds grh ushf tb ngmugiturh t`es pgphr gmf grh fesi`grahf emtb t`h
mhgrly revhr. W[D es iurrhmtdy t`h suljhit b gm emvhsagbm ly t`h
Hmverbmnhmtgd [rbthibm Gahmiy (H[G) br g seameigmt spedd b tbxei
i`hneigds emtb t`h revhr. V`hrh `gvh gdsb lhhm nhfeg rhpbrts t`gt shmebr
hnpdbyhhs b W[D whrh gddhahfdy rhspbmseldh br t`es spedd. Em gffebm, t`h
Arhhm Hgrt` Ybiehty es t`rhgthmema tb suh W[D br hxihss dbaaema b bdfarbwt`
brhsts em t`h veiemety b ets nedd.
Fhspeth rhgppbemma ets iurrhmt gufetbrs bmdy twb nbmt`s gab br t`h gufet
b t`h iurrhmt mgmiegd yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70, W[D `gs mbw gpprbgi`hf

ybu tb fb t`h gfvesbry

ngmgahnhmt gufet, idgenema t`gt
shrveihs t`h
t`gt iurrhmt
ybu gufetbr
igm bhr, gmfigmmbt prbvefh
w`ei` grh t`h
rhquerhf
br enpdhnhmma g mhihssgry ngjbr rhstruiturh b t`h ibnpgmy―s emthrmgd
ibmtrbd systhn.
\HWXE\HF
(g) Butdemh lrehcy w`gt embrngbm ybu s`budf bltgem rbn t`h prhvebus
gufetbr.
(l) Lhbrh fhiefema w`ht`hr tb giihpt gm hmagahnhmt, w`gt ht`eigd
nghrs rhagrfema t`h prbsphivh idehmt gmf ets ngmgahnhmt s`budf
ybu ibmsefhr2 DB 8.7
(g) G[HY 77; rhquerhs t`h suiihssbr gufetbr tb ibnnumeigth wet` t`h prhvebus gufetbr. V`es
ibnnumeigtebm s`budf lh ngfh wet` t`h idehmt―s phrnessebm.
 Gdsb, ybu s`budf gtthnpt
gtthnpt tb ibmce
ibmcern
rn w`ht`hr Wugdety
Wugdety [gphr―s idgen
idgen t`gt t`h prhvebus
prhvebus gufetbr ibudf mbt
prbvefh t`h ngmgahnhmt gfvesbry shrveihs rhquerhf em rhdgtebm tb t`h prbpbshf ngjbr emthrmgd ibmtrbd
rhstruiturh es t`h rhgd rhgsbm cbr t`h i`gmah.

Em t`es igsh, t`h suiihssbr gufetbr ngy gdsb sphieigddy gso cbr gmy emcbrngbm t`h prhvebus gufetbr `gs glbut t`h
H[G emvhsagbm emtb t`h i`hneigd spedd gmf t`h cgit t`gt shmebr ngmgahnhmt grh umfhr emvhsagbm. @bwhvhr, et
mhhfs tb lh rhnhnlhrhf t`gt G[HY 77; shibm <7;.7< stgths t`gt t`h prhvebus gufetbr `gs g futy bc
ibmfhmgdety tb t`h idehmt gmf sb ngy mbt lh gldh tb prbvefh emcbrngbm bm t`hsh nghrs.
V`h suiihssbr gufetbr ngy gdsb gso tb rhvehw t`h prhvebus gufetbr―s wbroema pgphrs. Q`edh t`h prhvebus
gufetbr es umfhr mb bldeagtebm tb ibmshmt tb sui` g rhvehw, ngmy cerns wedd ibmshmt tb g suphrveshf rhvehw,
aevhm t`h idehmt―s phrnessebm. Ec sui` g rhvehw es ibmfuithf gmf t`h suiihssbr gufetbr wes`hs tb pdgih
rhdegmih bm t`h prhvebus gufetbr―s wbro, t`h suiihssbr gufetbr mhhfs tb ibmsefhr t`h ibnphthmih gmf
emfhphmfhmih bc t`h prhvebus gufetbr.
 G[HY 77; shitebm
shitebm <7;.79 stgths tt`gt
`gt ec t`h suiihssbr
suiihssbr gufetbr es umgldh
umgldh tb ibnnumeigth wet` t`h prhvebus
prhvebus
gufetbr, t`h suiihssbr gufetbr s`budf bltgem emcbrngtebm glbut pbthmtegd t`rhgts ly bt`hr nhgms, sui` gs
hmquerehs bc t`erf pgrtehs br emvhsteagtebms bc shmebr ngmgahnhmt.
 

(l) GYG <<;.G0 (EYG <<;.G0) gmf GYWI 7.<3 (EYWI 7.<3) rhquerh t`h hmagahnhmt pgrtmhr tb lh sgtescehf
t`gt gpprbpregth prbihfurhs rhagrfema giihptgmih `gvh lhhm cbddbwhf, emidufema hvgdugtema t`h emtharety
bc ngmgahnhmt.
V`es pbthmtegd idehmt gmf emfustry wbudf rhquerh sphiegd ibmsefhrgtebm lhigush bc ets rhputgtebm rhagrfema
hmverbmnhmtgd fgngah. V`h ibnpgmy es lhema emvhsteagthf ly t`h H[G, w`ei` nea`t rhsudt em g seameceigmt
hibmbnei phmgdty, gs whdd gs `grnema Wugdety [gphr―s rhputgtebm, pgrteiudgr
pgrteiudgrdy
dy rhagrfema ets hmverbmnhmtgd
rhibrf.
Yhmebr hxhiutevhs grh gddhahfdy emvbdvhf wet` g tbxei i`hneigd spedd, w`ei` es mbt g pbsetevh
p bsetevh cgitbr em
gsshssema ngmgahnhmt emtharety.
V`h Arhhm Hgrt` Ybiehty es gdsb suema t`h ibnpgmy cbr bvhr-dbaaema. Ec Wugdety [gphr dbshs t`h iburt igsh,
t`hrh nea`t lh seameigmt hibmbnei ibmshquhmihs. V`h iburts ngy prhvhmt Wugdety [gphr crbn giihssema
nlhr cbr t`her pudp gmf pgphr nedd. V`h rhputgbm bc Wugdety [gphr nea`t gdsb lh `grnhf ly t`h
mhagvh nhfeg hxpbsurh em w`gt ibudf lh g `ea`-prbdh iburt igsh.
8.73 NHFEXN Ubu grh gm gufet pgrtmhr wet` Lgdd & \bio. Bmh b ybur rn―s
rhihmtdy giquerhf idehmts, Crhs` Ger Dtf, gm ger-ibmfebmema ngmugiturhr,
`gs lhhm pdgihf emtb dequefgbm ghr t`h ibnpdhbm b ybur rst gufet, gnef
g wgvh b gfvhrsh puldeiety ibmihrmema t`h ferhitbrs gmf ybur gufet rn. Et
`gs semih hnhrahf t`gt t`h ferhitbrs `gf prhvebus ibmveibms br rguf gmf
trgfema w`edh emsbdvhmt.
Lgdd & \bio `gs gdwgys ngemtgemhf g pbdeiy t`gt gmy pbthmgd idehmts s`budf
`gvh g dbw gufet reso, sb t`h gedurh tb fhthit t`gt Crhs` Ger `gf g `ea` gufet
reso wgs g ngjbr ibmihrm tb t`h Lgdd & \bio pgrtmhrs.
Gs g rhsudt, ybu `gvh lhhm gsohf tb fhvhdbp g qugdety ibmtrbd prbihfurhs
ngmugd t`gt emidufhs g i`hiodest b quhsbms t`gt pgrtmhrs s`budf gso w`hm
ibmsefhrema w`ht`hr
w`ht`hr tb tgoh bm g mhw gufet idehmt br tb ibmmuh wet` gm
hxesma idehmt. V`h i`hiodest s`budf tgoh emtb giibumt Lgdd & \bio―s fhserh tb
`gvh bmdy idehmts w`b `gvh g dbw gufet reso prbdh.
\HWXE\HF
[rbvefh vh quhsbms t`gt ybu wbudf emidufh em t`h qugdety ibmtrbd ngmugd
tb gsshss w`ht`hr t`h emtharety b t`h idehmt wbudf rgesh ets gufet reso lhybmf
g dbw dhvhd. DB 8.7

Em ibmsefhrema t`h emtharety bc t`h idehmt, t`h i`hiodest nea`t emidufh sbnh bc t`h cbddbwema
quhsbms (curt`hr quhsbms grh pbsseldh):
• Q`gt es t`h lgioarbu
lgioarbumf
mf gmf hxphrehmih
hxphrehmih bc ngmgahnhm
ngmgahnhmtt em t`h emfustry2
emfustry2
• @gs g ohy nhnlhr
nhnlhr bc ngmga
ngmgahnh
hnhmt
mt lhhm
lhhm ibmvei
ibmveithf
thf bc g irenem
irenemgd
gd bhmi
bhmih2
h2
• Fbhs
Fbhs ngm
ngmgagahnh
hnhmtmt tgoh
tgoh gm
gm umus
umusug
ugddy
ddy gaarhs
gaarhssev
sevh
h gppr
gpprbg
bgi`
i` ibnpg
ibnpgrhf
rhf tb bt`hr
bt`hrss eem
m t`h
t`h
emfustry2
• Q`gt
Q`gt eses t`h
t`h gtu
gtufhfh bc
bc ngmg
ngmgah
ahnh
nhmtmt tbw
tbwgr
grf
f irhg
irhgm
maa gmf
gmf ngem
ngemtg
tgem
emem
ema
a gm hh
hhi ivh
vh
systhn bc emthrmgd ibmtrbd2

• Fbhs
Fbhs g semadh
semadh nhnlhr
nhnlhr bc ngmga
ngmgahnh
hnhmtmt shhn
shhn tb lh bvhrdy
bvhrdy fbnemg
fbnemgmt2
mt2
• @gs t`hrh
t`hrh lhhm gm umusugd
umusugd gnbumt
gnbumt bc prhss ibvhrgah
ibvhrgah bc t`h hmty br ets ngmgahrs
ngmgahrs2 2
• Q`gt whrh t`h ieriunstg
ieriunstgmihs
mihs bc t`h prhvebus
prhvebus gufetbrs
gufetbrs (ec gmy) mbt ibmmuema
ibmmuema t`h gufet2
gufet2
Es t`hrh gmy hvefhmih bc fesgarhhnhmts rhagrfema giibumma premiepdhs br gufema prbihfurhs2
Grh t`hrh gmy ibmmuema essuhs wet` chhs2
 

• Fbhs t`h idehmt

idehmt gssbiegt
gssbiegth
h wet` gmy hmhs (cbr hxgnpdh,
hxgnpdh, dgwyhrs,
dgwyhrs, emvhst
emvhstnhmt
nhmt lgmos)
lgmos) t`gt
ngy `gvh g pbbr rhputgbm br g `ea` reso prbdh2
• Q`gt wgs t`h prhvebus
prhvebus gufetbr―s
gufetbr―s bpemebm
bpemebm bm t`h nbst rhihmt
rhihmt mgmiegd
mgmiegd rhpbrt2
rhpbrt2
• Es t`hrh gmy deagbm
deagbm ggi`hf
ggi`hf tb t`h idehmt2
idehmt2 Grh t`hrh gmy ibmeits
ibmeits emvbdv
emvbdvhf
hf wet`
rhaudgtbry gahmiehs2
• @bw `gs t`h idehmt
idehmt phrcbr
phrcbrnhf
nhf em rhdgb
rhdgbmm tb t`h rhst
rhst bc t`h emfust
emfustry2
ry2

•
• Es t`hwedd
@bw idehmt
idehmt―s
t`h―sgiihptg
rhvhmu
rhvhptgmih
gii hmuhhmih
bvhrdy
bvhbcrdy fh
fhphm
t`es phmfhm
idehmfhmt
idehmt t bmt gt`h
t ghit
ghi semadh
semstgma
adh sburih
stgsbu
marih22
bc bt`hr
bt`hr hmagahnhm
hmagahnhmts
ts gmf t`h
wbro si`hfudhs bc phrsbmmhd emvbdvhf2
• @gs t`h idehmt
idehmt aevhm gmy emfeigbm
emfeigbm t`gt t`h gufetgufet chh ngy lh nbfehf
nbfehf lgshf bm t`h
butibnh bc sbnh cuturh hvhmt2
• Es t`h gufet
gufet chh ibnnhmsur
ibnnhmsurgth gth wet` t`h hsngthf
hsngthf soedds gmf `burs hsngthf
hsngthf tb
ibnpdhth t`h gufet2

Lusemhss reso
8.<7 NHFEXN Lrhgogst Jueih Dtf (LJD), g ruet jueih ibnpgmy, `gs fhiefhf tb
i`gmah ets grrgmahnhmts wet` ets suphrngroht iustbnhrs em rhdgbm tb ets
rhs`dy squhhzhf brgmah jueih. Xmfhr t`h prhvebus grrgmahnhmt,

suphrngrohts wbudf
rhspbmseledety b puri`gsh stbio
t`h suphrngroht.
suphrngroh t. Gsrbn
rhs`LJD, wet`
ruet umsbdf
jueih stbio
`gs bmdy lhema
g vhry t`h
s`brt
s`hd deh, suphrngrohts `gf g thmfhmiy tb umfhrstbio t`h prbfuit, gs t`hy
fef mbt wgmt tb lh dh wet` butfgthf jueih, gmf sb whrh bhm but b stbio.
LJD―s ngmgahnhmt lhdehvhf t`gt t`es rhsudthf em seameigmt dbss b sgdhs gmf
sb `gs fhiefhf tb enpdhnhmt g ibmseamnhmt stbio grrgmahnhmt wet` t`h
suphrngrohts tb try tb emirhgsh sgdhs.
@bwhvhr, LJD―s sgdhs ngmgahr `gs gfveshf ybu t`gt t`h mhw ibmseamnhmt
stbio grrgmahnhmt `gs mbt rhsudthf em t`h emirhgshf sgdhs t`hy hxphithf.
Fhspeth emirhgshf fhdevhrehs b stbio tb t`h suphrngrohts, sgdhs `gvh mbt
emirhgshf, gmf prbts bm suphrngroht sgdhs `gvh fhirhgshf. Xmfhr t`h
mhw grrgmahnhmt t`h suphrngrohts grh rhspbmseldh br fespbsema b gmy

umsbdf stbio,
fhstrbyhf hgi`gmf `gvh lhhm rhpbrma dgrah qugmhs b stbio lhema
whho.

\HWXE\HF [gah <<8

Efhmy g lusemhss reso t`gt greshs gs g rhsudt b t`h ibmseamnhmt
(g) stbio grrgmahnhmt wet` t`h suphrngrohts.
(l) Hxpdgem t`h reso b ngthregd nesstgthnhmt b t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt t`gt
greshs rbn t`h lusemhss reso efhmhf em (g), emidufema t`h t`rhh ohy
giibumts ghithf.
(i) Efhmy gmf hxpdgem t`h ohy gsshrbm gt reso br hgi` giibumt
efhmhf em (l). DB 8.6
 

(g) Gs t`h
t`h suphrngro
suphrngrohtshts grh rhspbmsel
rhspbmseldh
dh cbr
cbr fespbs
fespbsema
ema bc t`h
t`h umsbdf
umsbdf stbio,
stbio, t`hrh
t`hrh es g reso
t`gt stg gt t`h suphrngrohts ibudf ibnnet crguf gagemst LJD Dtf ly gfvesema t`hn t`gt stbio
wgs umsbdf gmf fhstrbyhf, w`hm em cgit t`gt es mbt t`h igsh.
(l) Ec suphrng
suphrngrohts
rohts grh rhpbrma
rhpbrma stbio
stbio gs umsbdf
umsbdf gmf
gmf fhstrb
fhstrbyhf
yhf w`hm em cgit
cgit t`gt
t`gt es mbt
mbt t`h
t`h
igsh, t`hrh es gdsb g reso t`gt sgdhs gmf giibumts rhihevgldh br emvhmtbry grh umfhrstgthf. Ytbio
ngy `gvh lhhm sbdf gmf t`h prbihhfs eddhaengthdy ohpt ly t`h suphrngrohts br t`her stg

emsthgf
tgohm lybcstg.
lhema rhnehf tb LJD Dtf, br stbio ngy sdd lh bm `gmf br `gvh lhhm crgufudhmtdy
(i)
(i) V`
V`h h oh
ohyy gs
gssh
shr
rbm
bm cb
cbrr sgdh
sgdhss es
es::
• ibnpdhthm
ibnpdhthmhss‖ghss‖gss t`hrh
t`hrh ngy lh sgdhs t`gt `gvh biiurrhf,
biiurrhf, lut `gvh mbt lhhm rhibrfhf.
rhibrfhf.

V`h ohy gsshrbm cbr giibumts rhihevgldh es:

  ibnpdhthmhss‖gs t`hrh
t`hrh ngy lh gnbumts
gnbumts bwema ly
ly suphrngrohts t`gt `gvh mbt
mbt lhhm
rhibrfhf.

V`h ohy gsshrbms cbr emvhmtbry grh:

• ibnpdh
ibnpdhthm
thmhss
hss‖gs
‖gs sbnh
sbnh stbio
stbio ngy sdd
sdd hxest,
hxest, lu
lutt `g
`gss lhhm
lhhm wr
wreh
ehm
m b 

•
w`hm etgiiurgiy
giiu
sdd rgiy,
, vgdugbm
vgdugbm gmf gddbigbm
`gs vgduh. gddbigbm‖gs
‖gs sbnh stbio
stbio ngy `gvh lhhm wrehm
wrehm fbwm tb med

8.<< NHFEXN Ubu grh iurrhmtdy pdgmmema t`h gufet br t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh
<;70 b Q`esoy & Qemh [ty Dtf, g dgrah prbprehtgry ibnpgmy t`gt bphrgths
bphrgths g
sngdd i`gem b dequbr stbrhs. Ibnphbm em t`h rhtged dequbr shitbr es hrih,
wet` ngjbr suphrngroht i`gems fesibumma abbfs `hgvedy, sbnhnhs
lhdbw ibst, em brfhr tb emirhgsh t`her ngroht s`grh.
Em brfhr tb ibnphth, Q`esoy & Qemh `gs lhhm brihf tb bhr lea fesibumts
emidufema ‐luy twb aht bmh rhh― bhrs. Q`edh t`es `gs `hdphf tb ngemtgem ets
iustbnhr lgsh, Q`esoy & Qemh―s arbss ngraems `gvh frbpphf ly <; phr

ihmt.
Em gm hbrt tb bsht t`h enpgit b t`h fesibumma b dequbr preihs bm prbts,
Q`esoy & Qemh `gs gffhf gffebmgd, `ea`hr-ngraem prbfuits
prbfuits tb ets rgmah,
sui` gs aburnht smgio bbfs tb giibnpgmy t`h dequbr. @bwhvhr, t`hsh
aburnht ethns `gvh gi`ehvhf bmdy denethf sgdhs.
Q`esoy & Qemh es gdsb hxphrehmiema feiudhs wet` twb b ets ngjbr
suppdehrs, NiArhabr―s Yperets Dtf gmf Bdf Semh Qemhs Dtf, w`b `gvh
rhfuihf t`her pgynhmt thrns rbn 3; tb 9; fgys.
\HWXE\HF
Efhmy gmf hxpdgem t`rhh lusemhss resos t`gt ngy dhgf tb t`h reso b 
ngthregd nesstgthnhmt em t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt b Q`esoy & Qemh br t`h yhgr
hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. DB 8.6

(g) Lusemhss reso (l) @bw et nea`t dhgf tb reso bc ngthregd

 

nesstgthnhmt
[rhssurh crbn dgrahr, gaarhssevh Emvhmtbry ngy lh bvhrstgthf, gs abbfs
ibnphtetbrs ngy lh lhema sbdf lhdbw ibst, rhquerema g
wreth-fbwm tb mht rhgdesgldh vgduh
Yeameceigmt rhfuitebm em arbss ngraems `gs Abema ibmihrm ngy lh gcchithf fuh tb
rhsudthf em g nbvhnhmt gwgy crbn ets ibrh rhfuihf ngraems
lusemhss tb mhw prbfuits em gm gtthnpt tb
idgw lgio ngraems. Nbvhnhmt gwgy crbn
ets ibrh lusemhss `gs `gf denethf suiihss
tb fgth gmf ngy festrgit ngmgahnhmt
crbn t`h ibrh lusemhss
 Gppgrhmt fhthrebrgtebm
fhthrebrgtebm em thrns bc
bc trgfh Abema ibmihrm ngy lh gcchithf fuh tb
wet` twb ngjbr suppdehrs rhfuiema t`her tea`thr thrns bc trgfh puttema prhssurh bm
irhfet denets. V`es ngy irhgth dequefety dequefety
prbldhns gmf gdsb ngy emfeigth t`h
suppdehr―s ibmihrm glbut Q`esoy & Qemhs

Gmgdyigd prbihfurhs
8.<3 NHFEXN Ubu grh t`h gufet shmebr bm t`h gufet br t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh
<;70 b Adhgn [ty Dtf, g dgrah ngmugiturhr
ngmugiturhr b dea`ma giihssbrehs. V`es es
t`h rst yhgr t`gt ybur rn `gs phrbrnhf Adhgn―s gufet. Gs pgrt b t`h
pdgmmema wbro, ybu `gvh gmmugdeshf Adhgn―s emthren mgmiegd giibumts gmf
phrbrnhf gmgdyigd prbihfurhs
prbihfurhs bm t`h gmmugdeshf aurhs gmf ibnpgrhf
t`h rhsudts tb emfustry gvhrgahs gmf dgst yhgr―s gufethf mgmiegd
embrngbm. V`h rhsudts grh aevhm lhdbw.

EMFXYV\U
 

GSH\GAH
ADHGN [VU
DVF
\GVEB <;70 <;71 <;70 <;71
\HWXE\HF
[rbvefema g lreh hxpdgmgbm b hgi` b t`h glbvh rgbs, butdemh w`gt

ibmidusebms igmresos
pbthmgd gufet lh frgwm
tb lh glbut Adhgn―s
emvhsagthf mgmiegd
urt`hr. DB pbsebm
8.1 gmf efhmy

Q`gt t`h rgteb nhgms Ibmidusebms tb frgw gmf pbthmtegd resos

tb lh emvhsteagthf

7 Iurrhmt rgteb V`h iurrhmt rgb es dbwhr t`gm t`h

V`es rgb emfeigths t`h mht wbroema igpetgd pbsebm bc
t`h hmty. V`hrhcbrh, et emfeigths t`h hmty―s gledety tb
nhht ets iurrhmt bldeagbms (t`gt es, ets s`brt-thrn
dequefety). G lhmi`ngro aurh bc < es ahmhrgddy giihpthf
gs g nemenun rhquerhnhmt.  igush cbr ennhfegth ibmihrm? `bwhvhr,
I\> Iurrhmt Gsshts/ Iurrhmt Degledehs
< Mht prbt rgb
V`es rgb s`bws t`h gnbumt bc mht emibnh
ahmhrgthf cbr hgi` fbddgr bc sgdhs
9 Arbss ngraem
V`es emfeigths t`h gnbumt bc arbss prbt hgi`
fbddgr bc sgdhs hgrms.
emfustry―s gmf es cbddbwema t`h sgnh
fbwmwgrf trhmf. Aevhm g lhmi`ngro bc
<, t`h iurrhmt dhvhd fbhs mbt emfeigth
et mhhfs tb lh nbmetbrhf tb hmsurh t`gt
et fbhsm―t fhthrebrgth curt`hr.
Hmquerh bc ngmgahnhmt gs tb t`her
prbihfurhs cbr ngmgaema wbroema
igpetgd, gmf rhvehw iurrhmt gmf
prbjhithf igs` bws cbr cuturh dequefety
prbldhns.
\gb es dbwhr t`gm t`gt bc t`h emfustry
gmf, deoh t`h emfustry rgb, `gs
emirhgshf sdea`tdy bvhr dgst yhgr―s.
Mhhf tb emvhsagth t`h rhgsbm cbr t`h
rgb lhema lhdbw emfustry aurhs, gmf
w`ht`hr t`es ahmhrgths hmbua` igs` tb
ibncbrtgldy ibmmuh bphrgbms. Et es
gdsb emibmsesthmt wet` \BVG, w`ei`
emfeigths t`gt Adhgn es phrcbrnema
lhhr t`gm bt`hrs em t`h emfustry.
Arbss prbt rgb es hqugd tb t`gt bc t`h
emfustry, gdt`bua` t`h trhmfs grh em
bppbseth ferhibms. Mhhf tb emvhsagth
w`y Adhgn es gldh tb emirhgsh ets
ngraems w`hm bt`hrs em t`h emfustry grh
frbppema t`her ngraems. Ngy emfeigth g
prbldhn wet` Adhgn―s ibst bc sgdhs
aurh.
Mhhf tb emvhsagth w`y t`h arbss prbt
rgb es t`h sgnh gs t`h emfustry―s lut

6 Emvhmtbry turmbvhr rgb
V`es rgb s`bws t`h munlhr bc nhs
emvhmtbry turms bvhr em g yhgr.
8 \hihevgldhs turmbvhr rgb
V`es rgb s`bws t`h munlhr bc nhs
rhihevgldhs turm bvhr em g yhgr.
3 \hturm bm tbtgd gsshts
V`es rgb s`bws w`ht`hr suiehmt prbts grh
lhema ahmhrgthf cbr t`h gsshts hnpdbyhf.
I`gpthr 3 Gsshssema em`hrhmt reso gmf bt`hr sphiei lusemhss resos
\HSEHQ WXHYVEBMY: 3.7, 3.6, 3.8, 3.0 gmf 3.7;
FEYIXYYEBM [\BLDHNY GMF IGYH YVXFEHY: 3.76, 3.71, 3.70, 3.<< gmf 3.<8
t`h mht prbt rgb es
dbwhr (t`es nea`t, cbr hxgnpdh, emfeigth
`ea`hr bphrgma hxphmshs).
Emvhmtbry turmbvhr es cgsthr t`gm t`gt bc
t`h emfustry gmf es cbddbwema t`h
emfustry―s trhmf tb sdbw sdea`tdy. V`h cgst
turmbvhr emfeigths abbf emvhmtbry
ngmgahnhmt prgiihs. @bwhvhr, ybu
ngy mhhf tb i`hio w`ht`hr t`h cgsthr
turmbvhr es dhgfema tb gmy stbio-buts, gs
t`es ibudf `gvh g fhtrenhmtgd hhit bm
cuturh sgdhs gmf ngroht s`grh.
Gdsb mhhf tb emvhsagth t`h rhgsbm cbr
iurrhmt fhthrebrgbm, gs g ibmmuema
fhidemh nea`t emfeigth blsbdhth stbio
prbldhns.
\hihevgldhs turmbvhr es cgsthr t`gm t`gt
bc t`h emfustry, emfeigma abbf wbroema
igpetgd ngmgahnhmt.
@bwhvhr, t`h sdbwema trhmf bc t`h rgb
ngy mhhf tb lh emvhsagthf gmf t`h
pbthmgd hhit bm t`h fbulud fhlts
prbvesebm hxgnemhf. Cbr hxgnpdh, t`h
rhgsbm ibudf lh g rhdgxgbm bc irhfet
denets gmf fhltbrs― cbddbw-up br emidusebm
bc pbthmgd lgf fhlts.
Adhgn es ahmhrgma g nui` `ea`hr
rhturm t`gm t`h emfustry gvhrgah gmf es
cbddbwema t`h sgnh upwgrf trhmf. V`es
emfeigths t`gt et es usema ets gsshts nbrh
hiehmtdy t`gm t`h emfustry ahmhrgddy.
Mhhf tb emvhsagth t`h rhgsbms cbr
rhturm lhema mhgrdy fbuldh t`gt bc t`h
emfustry (cbr hxgnpdh, et ngy lh fuh tb
`ea`hr reso bphrgbms). Gdsb mhhf tb
emvhsagth rhgsbms cbr t`h seameigmt
emirhgsh em t`h iurrhmt yhgr.
 

3.7 Fhmh em`hrhmt reso gmf hxpdgem w`y et es enpbrtgmt tb hvgdugth em`hrhmt reso gs pgrt b gufet
pdgmmema DB 3.7
Em`hrhmt reso es t`h susihpledety bc gm giibumt lgdgmih, idgss bc trgmsgibms br fesidbsurh tb ngthregd
nesstgthnhmt aevhm em`hrhmt gmf hmverbmnhmtgd i`grgithresis, lut wet`but rhagrf tb emthrmgd ibmtrbd.
Em`hrhmt reso gt t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt dhvhd es gm enpbrtgmt ibmsefhrgbm em ahmhrgd pdgmmema lhigush et
sphieigddy ghits bt`hr fhiesebms ngfh gt t`es nh, sui` gs stgma rhquerhnhmts, gmf bt`hr gsphits bc 
t`h gufet pdgm. Cbr hxgnpdh, sbnh bc t`h pbsseldh rhspbmshs tb `ea` em`hrhmt reso grh tb gsseam nbrh
hxphrehmihf gufet phrsbmmhd, tb emirhgsh t`h hxthmt bc suphrvesebm gmf tb ibmfuit t`h gufet wet` g
`hea`thmhf fharhh bc prbchssebmgd sihpiesn. Ibmsefhrgbm bc t`h em`hrhmt reso bc ngthregd
nesstgthnhmt gt t`h gsshrbm dhvhd cbr idgsshs bc trgmsgibms, giibumt lgdgmihs gmf fesidbsurhs es
enpbrtgmt, gs et ferhitdy gssests t`h gufetbr em fhthrnemema t`h mgturh, nema gmf hxthmt bc sphiei
curt`hr gufet prbihfurhs gt t`h giibumt gmf gsshrbm dhvhd mhihssgry tb bltgem suiehmt gpprbpregth
gufet hvefhmih.
3.6 Q`gt grh t`h wgys em w`ei`
w `ei` rgufudhmt mgmiegd rhpbrm
rhpbrmaa ngy lh gi`ehvhf2
DB 3.<
Crgufudhmt mgmiegd rhpbrma ngy lh gi`ehvhf ly:
• ngmepudgbm, cgdseigbm br gdthrgbm bc rhibrfs br fbiunhmts
• supprhssebm br bnessebm bc t`h hhits bc trgmsgibms crbn rhibrfs br fbiunhmts
• rhibrfema bc trgmsgibms wet`but sulstgmih
• emthmbmgd nesgppdeigbm bc giibumma pbdeiehs.
3.8 Fhsirelh t`rhh typhs b hmquery t`gt gm gufetbr wedd ngoh b ngmgahnhmt wet` rhagrf tb rguf. DB
3.<
Vyphs bc hmquery t`gt t`h gufetbr wedd ngoh bc ngmgahnhmt em rhagrf tb crguf emidufh:
• ngmgahnhmt―s gsshssnhmt bc t`h reso t`gt t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt ngy lh ngthregddy nesstgthf fuh tb
crguf
• ngmgahnhmt―s prbihss cbr efhmcyema gmf rhspbmfema tb t`h resos bc crguf em t`h hmty,
emidufema gmy sphiei resos bc crguf t`gt ngmgahnhmt `gs efhmhf br giibumt lgdgmihs, idgsshs bc 
trgmsgibms br fesidbsurhs cbr w`ei` g reso bc crguf es deohdy tb hxest
• ngmgahnhmt―s ibnnumeigbm, ec gmy, tb t`bsh i`grahf wet` abvhrmgmih rhagrfema ets prbihsshs cbr
efhmcyema gmf rhspbmfema tb t`h resos bc crguf em t`h hmty
• ngmgahnhmt―s ibnnumeigbm, ec gmy, tb hnpdbyhhs rhagrfema ets vehws bm lusemhss prgiihs gmf
ht`eigd lh`gvebur
3.0 [rbvefh bur hxgnpdhs b trgmsgibms butsefh gm hmty―s mbrngd ibursh b lusemhss t`gt ngy
emfeigth t`h hxesthmih b umefhmhf rhdgthf pgrhs. 
pgrhs.  DB 3.9
Hxgnpd
Hxg npdhs
hs bc trg
trgmsg
msgib
ibms
ms t`gt
t`gt ngy emfeig
emfeigth
th t`h hxe
hxesth
sthmih
mih bc umefhm
umefhmh
hf
f rhd
rhdgth
gthf
f pgrhs
pgrhs ememidu
idufh
fh
trgmsgibms t`gt:
• grh bvhrdy ibnpdhx (cbr hxgnpdh, trgmsgibms emvbdvema nudpdh pgrhs wet`em g ibmsbdefgthf arbup) •
`gvh glmbrngd thrns bc trgfh, sui` gs umusugd preihs, emthrhst rgths, rhpgynhmt thrns br augrgmthhs •
dgio gm gppgrhmt dbaeigd lusemhss rhgsbm tb juscy t`her biiurrhmih
• `gvh lhhm prbihsshf em gm umusugd nghr.
3.7; Hxpdgem w`y t`h gufetbr―s gsshssnhmt b t`h gpprbpregthmhss b t`h abema ibmihrm gssunpbm es
sb enpbrtgmt DB 3.6
V`h abema ibmihrm
ibmihrm gssunp
gssunpbm
bm nhgms t`gt t`h hmty es vehwhfvehwhf gs ibmmu
ibmmuema
ema em lusemh
lusemhss
ss cbr t`h
cbrhshhgldh cuturh wet`but gmy emthmbm br mhihssety tb dequefgth br bt`hrwesh ihgsh ets bphrgbms.
Q`hm t`h abema ibmihrm gssunpbm es gpprbpregth, gsshts gmf degledehs grh rhibrfhf bm t`h lgses t`gt
t`h gsshts wedd lh rhgdeshf gmf t`h degledehs fesi`grahf em t`h mbrngd ibursh bc lusemhss. V`es nhgms
het`hr ibst br cger vgduh es ushf. @bwhvhr, gm ennemhmt lusemhss cgedurh wedd `gvh gm hhit bm t`h
gpprbpregthmhss bc t`h prhshmtgbm bc t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt. Ec t`h ibnpgmy es mbt g abema ibmihrm, t`h
 

mgmiegd rhpbrt s`budf lh prhpgrhf bm g dequefgbm lgses, w`ei` es deohdy tb lh vgstdy fehrhmt tb t`h
abema ibmihrm lgses. Curt`hr, abema ibmihrm prbldhns ngy nbvgth ngmgahnhmt nesrhprhshmtgbm.
V`hrhcbrh, t`h gpprbpregthmhss bc t`h abema ibmihrm gssunpbm es vhry enpbrtgmt em fhthrnemema t`h
gufet prbihfurhs gmf t`h fharhh bc prbchssebmgd sihpiesn tb lh gppdehf gmf w`ht`hr t`h mg7miegd
rhpbrt aevhs g truh gmf cger vehw. Gs g rhsudt, GYG 81;.7; (EYG 81;.7;) rhquerhs t`gt w`hm pdgmmema gmf
phrcbrnema gufet prbihfurhs gmf hvgdugma t`h rhsudts, t`h gufetbr nust ibmsefhr t`h gpprbpregthmhss
bc t`h abema ibmihrm gssunpbm t`gt umfhrdehs t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt.
3.76 NHFEXN Ubu grh iurrhmtdy emvbdvhf em pdgmmema br t`h gufet b Iurtgems &
Ldemfs Dtf (ILD), g mgbmgd ibnpgmy prbfuiema iurtgems gmf ldemfs. V`h
iurtgem gmf ldemf ngroht es `ea`dy ibnphvh, gmf ILD `gs lhhm
hxphrehmiema fhidemema sgdhs bvhr t`h pgst t`rhh yhgrs. Ibst iuma `gs
prbvhm vhry feiudt, gs t`h ibst b ngthregds ushf em t`h ibnpgmy―s
prbfuibm demhs `gs emirhgshf hgi` yhgr. ILD―s lgmo `gs ibmmuhf tb
prbvefh ILD wet` dbgm giedehs? `bwhvhr, et `gs emfeigthf t`gt et hxphits tb
shh enprbvhf rhsudts em t`h mhxt mgmiegd rhpbrt gmf `gs pdgihf g munlhr b 
queth rhstreivh ibvhmgmts em ILD―s dhmfema garhhnhmts. \hihmt gridhs
gpphgrema em t`h mgmiegd prhss ibmihrmema ILD―s hxphithf mgmiegd rhsudts
`gvh lhhm vhry phssenesi glbut ets deohdy phrbrngmih.
\HWXE\HF
Lgshf bm t`h embrngbm prbvefhf:
(g) Fesiuss t`h bvhrgdd enpgit bm gufet reso.
(l) Q`gt sphiei ibnpbmhmt(s) b gufet reso wbudf lh ghithf2 DB 3.7
(g) V`h ibnpgmy nea`t hxphrehmih abema ibmihrm prbldhns em t`h cuturh, aevhm fhidemema sgdhs gmf
cgddema ngraems. V`es es hsphiegddy sb aevhm t`h lgmo―s fhserh tb shh enprbvhf rhsudts em t`h mhxt rhpbrma
phrebf gmf t`h rhdgthf pbthmgd t`rhgt tb dbgm cumfema. V`h phssenesn fespdgyhf em t`h mgmiegd prhss es
gdsb deohdy tb fhthr cuturh emvhstbrs gmf dhmfhrs cbr ILD―s bphrgbms. V`h bvhrgdd hhit es gm emirhgsh em
gufet reso.
(l) V`h iurrhmt ieriunstgmihs grh deohdy tb pdgih emirhgsema prhssurh bm t`h ibnpgmy―s ngmgahnhmt tb
prbfuih cgvburgldh mgmiegd rhsudts. V`es ghits em`hrhmt reso gt t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt dhvhd. Et es gdsb deohdy
tb emirhgsh em`hrhmt reso gt t`h gsshrbm dhvhd cbr giibumts w`hrh jufanhmt br hsngths grh emvbdvhf,
sui` gs prbvesebms.
\eso bc crguf
3.71 HGYU I`restbp`hr [gpgfbpbudbs `gs lhhm gsseamhf tb t`h gufet b g mhw
idehmt, \hgdety Dbgms Dtf, bphrgma em t`h mgmih gmf lgmoema shitbr. V`h
gufet pdgm stgths t`gt \hgdety Dbgms `gs gm hxthmsevh embrngbm thi`mbdbay
(EV) systhn gmf t`hrhbrh gdd gufetbrs bm t`h hmagahnhmt s`budf ibmsefhr
t`h pbsseledety b rguf. I`restbp`hr es ibmushf ly t`es ibnnhmt, gs `h
lhdehvhf t`gt gufetbrs fef mbt ibmihrm t`hnshdvhs wet` rguf, gmf `gs gsohf
t`h gufet ngmgahr tb hxpdgem t`h ibnnhmt.
\HWXE\HF
g. Gs t`h gufet ngmgahr, hxpdgem tb I`restbp`hr w`y t`h gufet pdgm rhquerhs t`h gufet thgn tb ibmsefhr
t`h pbsseledety b rguf.
l. Dest sex gitbrs t`gt ngy emirhgsh t`h susihpledety b EV systhns tb rguf. DB 3.<

(g) GYG <6;.8 (EYG <6;.8) emfeigths

emfeigths t`h gufetbr
gufetbr s`budf
s`budf pdgm
pdgm gmf ibmfu
ibmfuit
it t`h
t`h gufet
gufet sb gs tb `gvh
`gvh g
rhgsbmgldh hxphitgbm bc fhthima nesstgthnhmts t`gt `gvh g ngthregd enpgit bm t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt
gs g rhsudt bc crguf br hrrbr. Hhivhdy t`es nhgms t`h gufetbr s`budf ngemtgem gm gtufh bc
prbchssebmgd sihpiesn gmf ibmsefhr t`h pbsseledety bc crguf w`hm pdgmmema t`h gufet ly tgoema emtb
 

giibumt cgitbrs t`gt emirhgsh t`h reso bc crguf (gmf hrrbr). V`h hxesthmih bc gm hxthmsevh EV hmverbmnhmt
es gm hxgnpdh bc sui` g cgitbr.
(l) V`h cbdd
cbddbwema
bwema cgitbrs
cgitbrs grh ibmsefhrhf
ibmsefhrhf tb lh sbnh bc t`h nbst ibnnbm
ibnnbm emfeigtbrs
emfeigtbrs bc EV
vudmhrgledety tb crguf:
• pbb
pbbrr ibm
ibmtrb
trbds
ds bvh
bvhrr ngmugd
ngmugd emput/
emput/but
butput
put `gm
`gmfde
fdema
ma
• whgo
whgo br glglsh
shmt
mt p`
p`ys
ysei
eigd
gd gi
giihs
ihsss ib
ibmt
mtrb
rbds
ds
• whgo
whgomhmhss
sshs
hs em ib
ibnp
npututhr
hr gm
gmff thrn
thrnem
emgd
gd bphr
bphrg
gbm
bmss
• pbbr
pbbr ib
ibmt
mtrb
rbdd bvhr
bvhr ib
ibnp
nput
uthr
hr prba
prbarg
rgns
ns
• dgio
dgio bc bphrg
bphrgmama systhn
systhn giihss
giihss ibmtrb
ibmtrbds
ds gmf emt
emthar
harety
ety
• whgo
whgo delr
delrgr
gryy ibm
ibmtrbd
trbdss.
3.70 NHFEXN Nbfhrm Hdhitreigds Dtf bhrs iustbnhrs g rgmah b pgynhmt
bpbms. Bmh emirhgsemady pbpudgr nht`bf es emthrhst-rhh mgmih. Ahmhrgddy,
sui` grrgmahnhmts emvbdvh iustbnhrs seamema g ibmsunhr irhfet ibmtrgit
wet` gm emthrhst-rhh thrn b up tb twb yhgrs rbn t`h fgth b puri`gsh. V`h
arbwema fhngmf br t`es mgmiegd grrgmahnhmt `gs lhaum tb strhti`
Nbfhrm Hdhitreigds― stgthnhmt b mgmiegd pbsebm igpgiety, gs et `gs `gf tb
tgoh bm gffebmgd fhlt tb umf t`h igs` cbw nema fehrhmgd lhtwhhm ets
rhihevgldhs gmf pgygldhs. Gdd emthrhst-rhh mgmih ibmtrgits grh `hdf ly
Emthrhst Crhh [ty Dtf, g w`bddy
w `bddy bwmhf sulsefegry b Nbfhrm Hdhitreigds.
Nbfhrm Hdhitreigds nust ibnpdy wet` vgrebus mgmiegd ibvhmgmts br ets fhlt
giedehs wet` Gustrgdeg Lgmo Dtf, gmf es idbsh tb lrhgi`ema t`hsh ibvhmgmts.
Nbfhrm Hdhitreigds bltgemhf ibmfebmgd gpprbvgd br gffebmgd wbroema
igpetgd lbrrbwemas rbn Gustrgdeg Lgmo em Yhpthnlhr <;71, suljhit tb
nhhma t`h fhlt tb hquety rgb gt 9; Jumh <;70 gmf nhhma prbt tgrahts
br t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. Gustrgdeg Lgmo `gs rhquhsthf g ibpy b 
t`h 9; Jumh <;70 gufethf mgmiegd rhpbrt gs sbbm gs et es ibnpdhthf.
V`h seameigmt arbwt` em emthrhst-rhh lusemhss es fuh em pgrt tb hhivh
emihmvh si`hnhs t`gt bphrgth girbss gdd shibms b t`h lusemhss. V`h
giibumtgmt gt Emthrhst Crhh, Qeddegn Qgdthrs, bltgems gpprbxengthdy 9; phr
ihmt b `es rhnumhrgbm rbn nbmt`dy gmf yhgr-hmf lbmushs, lgshf bm
prbt gmf t`h emirhgsh em mgmih rhihevgldh fbddgr vgduh. Ygdhs stg grh pgef
nbmt`dy lbmushs ngfh up b $8; phr mhw mgmih ibmtrgit seamhf gmf 7
phr ihmt b t`h vgduh b t`bsh ibmtrgits. Gt t`h hmf b hgi` nbmt`, hgi`
stg nhnlhr hngeds t`h pgyrbdd fhpgrtnhmt g dba b ibmtrgits desma t`h
ibmtrgit munlhr gmf vgduh. V`h pgyrbdd fhpgrtnhmt prbihsshs t`h lbmushs
lgshf bm t`es embrngbm.
Gmbt`hr rhgsbm br t`h arbwt` em emthrhst-rhh mgmiema es g mhw emegvh
t`gt Nbfhrm Hdhitreigds `gs emtrbfuihf w`hrhly et fbhs mbt rum irhfet
i`hios bm ibmtrgits b dhss t`gm $7;;;, gs t`h vgduh b t`h ibmtrgit es mbt
dgrah gmf Qeddegn `gs embrnhf ybu t`gt t`h `gssdh b t`h irhfet i`hios wgs
nbrh t`gm et wgs wbrt` bm t`gt gnbumt b nbmhy. Nbfhrm Hdhitreigds
prbneshs iustbnhrs hgsy mgmih gmf t`es `gs shhm t`h munlhr b ibmtrgits
br dhss t`gm $7;;; emirhgsh frgngigddy.
\HWXE\HF
Efhmy t`rhh pbsseldh rguf reso gitbrs gmf hxpdgem w`y hgi` es g rguf
gitbr. DB 3.<

Crguf reso gitbr Hxpdgmgbm

 

Nbfhrm Hdhitreigds Dtf es idbsh tb lrhgi`ema \eso bc crgufudhmt mgmiegd rhpbrma, gs

ets fhlt ibvhmgmts
Qeddegn Qgdthrs rhihevhs g dgrah prbpbrbm
bc `es rhnumhrgbm crbn lbmushs
Ygdhs stg grh pgef lbmushs lgshf bm
umvhrehf hngedhf emcbrngbm prbvefhf ly
stg
ahma idbsh tb lrhgi`ema fhlt ibvhmgmts
irhgths gm emihmvh tb ngmepudgth gsshts
gmf degledehs tb hmsurh t`gt t`h rhquerhf
rgb es nht
\eso bc crgufudhmt mgmiegd rhpbrma, gs
t`hrh es gm emihmvh tb bvhrstgth prbts gmf
emirhgshs em rhihevgldhs, gs t`es `gs g ferhit
enpgit bm `es rhnumhrgbm
\eso bc nesgpprbpregbm bc gsshts, gs t`hrh
es emgfhqugth bvhrsea`t ly ngmgahnhmt gs
tb w`ht`hr idgens sulnehf ly hnged cbr
pgynhmt bc lbmushs grh dhaength

3.<< NHFEXN Abdfhm Vbui` Dtf es g mgbmgd gs`ebm rhtged i`gem wet` stbrhs
dbigthf t`rbua`but Gustrgdeg. V`h ngjbr s`grh`bdfhrs b Abdfhm Vbui` grh
t`h Ignplhdd seldemas Gnbs, Ygngmt`g gmf Vhrry. V`h rhngemema nembrety
s`grhs grh `hdf ly emfhphmfhmt t`erf pgrhs. Lbt` Ygngmt`g gmf Gnbs grh
hnpdbyhhs b Abdfhm Vbui`, lut bmdy Gnbs, w`b es t`h IHB, es bm t`h
lbgrf. Gdd bt`hr lbgrf nhnlhrs grh emfhphmfhmt b t`h gnedy.
Abdfhm Vbui` sphiegdeshs em hxphmsevh wbnhm―s swenwhgr gmf rhsbrt-whgr
br sunnhr ush bmdy, gmf fhseams ets agrnhmts em Gustrgdeg gmf
ngmugiturhs t`hn em I`emg rbn Etgdegm-sburihf glreis. V`h bmdy
hxihpbm es t`h ngthregd br Abdfhm Vbui`―s rhsbrt-whgr, w`ei` es
puri`gshf gt ibnnhriegd rgths rbn Oydeh Ignplhdd, t`h burt` Ignplhdd
seldema, t`rbua` `hr ibnpgmy Hdeth Cglreis [ty Dtf. V`h fhtgeds b t`es
grrgmahnhmt grh ibmtgemhf em g mbth tb t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt.
Ygngmt`g Ignplhdd es em i`grah b puri`gshs br t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh
<;70 gmf rhmhabgthf Abdfhm Vbui`―s ibmtrgit wet` Hdeth Cglreis, sb t`gt
Abdfhm Vbui` pgys igs` bm fhdevhry br gdd ngthregds puri`gshf rbn Hdeth
Cglreis, emsthgf b t`h emfustry stgmfgrf b 9; fgys. Mb bmh butsefh b t`h
puri`gsema fhpgrtnhmt es gwgrh b t`h rhmhabgbm.
Abdfhm Vbui` bwms 18 phr ihmt b ets ngmugiturema bphrgbms em I`emg,
wet` t`h rhngemema <8 phr ihmt lhema bwmhf ly g I`emhsh ibnpgmy, Cuma
Dtf. Gnbs Ignplhdd―s weh es g idbt`ema fhseamhr gmf `gs `hr gs`ebm demh
ngmugiturhf em Abdfhm Vbui`―s I`emhsh pdgmt gt mb i`grah, prbvefhf
nhnlhrs b t`h Ignplhdd gnedy grh suppdehf wet` agrnhmts rhh b i`grah.
Abdfhm Vbui` senpdy wreths b t`h ngmugiturema ibsts emiurrhf ly Gnbs―
weh gs g lgf fhlt. Cuma es mbt gwgrh b t`es grrgmahnhmt.

\HWXE\HF
Butdemh t`h essuhs em rhdgbm tb t`h rhdgthf-pgrty trgmsgibms glbvh t`gt
ngy emirhgsh t`h reso b ngthregd nesstgthnhmt em t`h mgmiegd stgthnhmts
br prhvhmt ger prhshmtgbm b t`h mgmiegd rhpbrt. DB 3.9
Yburih: V`es quhsbm wgs gfgpthf rbn t`h I`grthrhf Giibumtgmts [rbargn b t`h Emstuth b 
I`grthrhf Giibumtgmts em Gustrgdeg, <;77 (<) gufet gmf gssurgmih nbfudh.

@G\F Ubu grh t`h gufet ngmgahr bm @ea`dgmf Dtf, g prbphrty emvhstnhmt
 

\hdgthf pgrty trgmsgibm @bw et emirhgshs reso br prhvhmts ger

[uri`gshs lhtwhhm Abdfhm Vbui` gmf
Hdeth Cglreis grh mbw bm igs` thrns
emsthgf bc t`h usugd garhhf-upbm 9;-fgy
thrns
Xsh bc I`emhsh cgitbry ly Gnbs
Ignplhdd―s wech, emidufema hxi`gmah cbr
crhh idbt`hs tb t`h Ignplhdd cgnedy
prhshmtgbm
Mb bmh butsefh t`h puri`gsema
fhpgrtnhmt es gwgrh bc t`h i`gmah em
thrns, w`ei` emirhgshs t`h reso, emidufema
t`h reso bc mbm-ibnnhriegd trgmsgibms
(aevhm igs` es emvbdvhf).
V`h reso bc ngthregd nesstgthnhmt em t`h
mgmiegd rhpbrt es emirhgshf lhigush bc
t`h prgiih bc wrema b ngmucgiturema
ibsts gs lgf fhlts. V`h bhr bc crhh
abbfs ngy dhgf tb umht`eigd lh`gvebur.

3.<8 NHFEXN Neti`hdd @gzdhwbbf es gm gufet shmebr wet` Dybm & Gssbiegths.
Neti`hdd es emvbdvhf em pdgmmema t`h gufet br t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70
b Lduh Qgthr Dtf, g ngmugiturhr b hmaemhs br duxury dhesurh lbgts. Lduh
Qgthr―s bphrgbms grh mgmihf ly g ibnlemgbm b dbma-thrn fhlt gmf
s`brt-thrn dbgms rbn g mgmiegd emstubm, Ny Lgmo Dtf.

Gs pgrt b t`h pdgmmema prbihss Neti`hdd `gs mbthf t`h bddbwema nghrs:

Lduh Qgthr `gs lhhm prbtgldh br shvhrgd yhgrs gmf `gs rhihmtdy
suiihssuddy hxpgmfhf ets bphrgbms tb ngmugiturh g mhw typh b 
hmaemh br hxpbrt tb Mhw Zhgdgmf.
Bmh b Lduh Qgthr―s ngjbr iustbnhrs, Lbl―s Lbgts, w`ei` rhprhshmts 98
phr ihmt b Lduh Qgthr―s gmmugd sgdhs, `gs emfeigthf t`gt et `gs stgrthf tb
ngmugiturh ets bwm hmaemhs.
V`h strhmat` b t`h Gustrgdegm fbddgr gagemst brheam iurrhmiehs `gs `gf gm
gfvhrsh hhit bm fhngmf br dbigddy prbfuihf hmaemhs. Ibnphbm em
t`h emfustry es lhibnema nbrh emthmsh, wet` sbnh bt`hr iustbnhrs b 
Lduh Qgthr emfeigma t`hy ngy mbw puri`gsh t`her hmaemhs rbn Obrhgm
suppdehrs gt g nui` dbwhr ibst.
Ny Lgmo `gs rhquhsthf igs` cbw brhigsts br t`h ibnema yhgr tb
suppbrt t`h mgmiema grrgmahnhmts t`gt grh iurrhmtdy em pdgih. Lduh
Qgthr―s dhvhd b fhlt `gs rhngemhf ibmstgmt em rhihmt yhgrs gmf et `gf g
pbsevh wbroema igs` cbw pbsebm tb 9; Jumh <;70.
\HWXE\HF
(g) Efhmy w`ht`hr t`hrh grh hvhmts br ibmfebms t`gt ngy emfeigth
ngthregd abema ibmihrm umihrtgemhs.
(l) Efhmy gmy neagma gitbrs. DB 3.6

(g) Hvhmts br ibmfebms t`gt ngy emfeigth ngthregd abema ibmihrm umihrtgemhs emidufh:
• • RLbl―s
RLbl―s Lbgts,
Lbgts, g ngjbr iustbnhr
iustbnhr bc Lduh Qgthr, `gs emfeemfeigthf
igthf t`gt et emthmfs
emthmfs ngmucgitur
ngmucgiturema
ema ets
bwm hmaemhs. V`es es deohdy tb rhsudt em g seameigmt dbss bc sgdhs, gs et es umdeohdy t`gt Lbl―s Lbgts wedd
ibmmuh tb puri`gsh Lduh Qgthr―s hmaemhs bmih t`hy stgrt prbfuiema t`her bwm hmaemhs.
 

• • RGs g rhsudt
rhsudt bc lhema gldh tb enpbrt
enpbrt hmaemhs
hmaemhs gt g dbwhr ibst, sbnh bc Lduh Qgthr―s
Qgthr―s iustbnhrs
iustbnhrs
`gvh emfeigthf t`gt t`hy ngy puri`gsh t`her hmaemhs crbn bvhrshgs rgt`hr t`gm crbn Lduh Qgthr,
pbthmgddy rhsudma em g seameigmt dbss bc sgdhs.

• • RV`h emthmsh
emthmsh ibnphbm
ibnphbm em t`h dbigd ngroht wedd ngoh et `grfhr
`grfhr cbr Lduh Qgthr tb shiurh
shiurh
ibmtrgits wet` gdthrmgvh iustbnhrs tb shdd ets hmaemhs.

(l) Neagma cgitbrs tb suppbrt t`h abema ibmihrm gssunpbm emidufh:

• • RLduh
RLduh Qgthr
Qgthr `gf g pbs
pbsev
evh
h wbroem
wbroemaa igpetg
igpetgdd pbseb
pbsebm
m gs gt 9; Jumh
Jumh <;70
<;70

• • RLduh
RLduh Qgthr
Qgthr `gs lhh
lhhm
m prbtg
prbtgldh
ldh cbr shvhrg
shvhrgdd yhgrs
yhgrs

• • RLduh
RLduh Qgthr `gs suiih
suiihsscud
sscuddy
dy hxpgmfhf
hxpgmfhf ly fhvhdbpem
fhvhdbpema
a g mhw typh bc hmaemh
hmaemh cbr hxpbrt
hxpbrt tb Mhw
Zhgdgmf.

I@G[VH\ 1 Xmfhrstgmfema gmf gsshssema emthrmgd ibmtrbd

\HSEHQ WXHYVEBMY: 1.7, 1.6, 1.8, 1.0, 1.5, gmf 1.77

FEYIXYYEBM [\BLDHNY GMF IGYH YVXFEHY: 1.76, 1.73, 1.75, 1.<<, gmf 1.<0

1.7 Q`y fbhs t`h gufetbr gsshss ibmtrbd reso2 DB 1.7

V`h gufetbr gsshsshs ibmtrbd reso tb fhthrnemh w`ht`hr t`h giibumma fgtg whrh fhvhdbphf umfhr g
systhn bc emthrmgd ibmtrbd t`gt es deohdy tb hmsurh t`her giiurgiy gmf rhdegledety. Ec t`h gufetbr es gldh tb
gsshss ibmtrbd reso gs lhema dhss t`gm `ea`, t`hm t`h fhthibm reso igm gbrf tb lh `ea`hr, rhsudma em
dhss sulstgmvh thsma lhema rhquerhf.
1.6 Hxpdgem w`gt es nhgmt ly emibnpgldh giibumma umibms gmf `bw gm gpprbpregth sharhagbm
b umibms igm lh gi`ehvhf. DB 1.<
Emibnpgldh giibumma cumibms grh cumibms t`gt, w`hm ibnlemhf, gddbw gm emfevefugd tb phrphtrgth
gm errhaudgrety gmf mbt lh fhthithf. Gpprbpregth sharhagbm bc cumibms es gi`ehvhf ly shpgrgma t`h
gut`bresgbm, hxhiubm gmf rhibrfema bc trgmsgibms, gmf iustbfy bc t`h rhdgthf gsshts
1.8 Q`gt es t`h emthrmgd ibmtrbd hmverbmnhmt gmf w`y es et enpbrtgmt2 DB 1.9
Giibrfema tb GYG 978.G11 (EYG 978.G11) t`h emthrmgd ibmtrbd hmverbmnhmt emidufhs abvhrmgmih gmf

ngmgahnhmt―s bvhrgdd gtufh, gwgrhmhss gmf gibms rhagrfema emthrmgd ibmtrbd gmf ets enpbrtgmih em
t`h hmty. V`h emthrmgd ibmtrbd hmverbmnhmt es enpbrtgmt lhigush et shts t`h tbmh bc gm hmty. Et
emuhmihs t`h ibmtrbd ibmsiebusmhss bc gdd phrsbmmhd gmf es t`h cbumfgbm cbr t`h bt`hr ibnpbmhmts.
1.0 Efhmy t`h prbihfurhs gm gufetbr ushs tb bltgem gm umfhrstgmfema b t`h cbw b trgmsgibms gmf
t`h rhdgthf ibmtrbds. DB 1.6
V`h prbihfurhs t`h gufetbr ushs tb bltgem gm umfhrstgmfema bc t`h bw bc trgmsgibms gmf t`h rhdgthf
ibmtrbds grh hmquery, blshrvgbm, rhvehw bc ngmugds gmf senedgr fgtg, gmf trgiema g chw trgmsgibms bc 
hgi` typh t`rbua` t`h systhn usema g wgdo-t`rbua`.
1.5 Fesmaues` lhtwhhm ahmhrgd ibmtrbds gmf gppdeigbm ibmtrbds em g ibnputhreshf systhn gmf dest
bur grhgs bvhr w`ei` ahmhrgd EV ibmtrbds grh ibnnbmdy enpdhnhmthf. DB 1.8
Ahmhrgd ibmtrbds em g ibnputhreshf systhn grh t`bsh ibmtrbds t`gt rhdgth tb gdd br ngmy ibnputhreshf
giibumma gppdeigbms tb prbvefh g rhgsbmgldh dhvhd bc gssurgmih t`gt t`h bvhrgdd bljhivhs bc emthrmgd
ibmtrbd grh gi`ehvhf. Hxgnpdhs emidufh sharhagbm bc fuhs lhtwhhm bphrgtbrs gmf prbargnnhrs,

gpprbvgd bc i`gmahs tb prbargns gmf rhstreithf giihss tb t`h systhn.

 

Giibrfema
Giibrf ema tb GYG 978.G7
978.G7;0
;0 (EYG
(EYG 978
978.G7
.G7;0)
;0),, grhgs
grhgs bvhr
bvhr w`ei`
w`ei` ahmhrg
ahmhrgdd EV ibmtrb
ibmtrbds
ds grh ibnnbm
ibnnbmdy
dy
enpdhnhmthf emidufh:
• fgtg ihmtrh gmf mhtwbro bphrgbms
• systhn sbwgrh giquesebm, i`gmah gmf ngemthmgmih
• prbargn i`gmah
• giihss shiurety
• gppdeigbm systhn giquesebm, fhvhdbpnhmt, gmf ngemthmgmih. Gppdeigbm ibmtrbds gppdy tb t`h
prbihssema bc sphiei typhs bc trgmsgibms, sui` gs emvbeiema gmf pgyrbdd. Hxgnpdhs emidufh ushr ibmtrbds
sui` gs ibmtrbd tbtgds, emput ibmtrbds sui` gs ohy vhreigbm, gmf prbargnnhf ibmtrbd givehs sui` gs
i`hio feaets, denet i`hios gmf vgdefety i`hios.
1.77 Fesiuss t`h hxthmt tb w`ei` t`h hxthrmgd gufetbr es gldh tb ush t`h wbro b gm emthrmgd gufetbr. DB
1.3
V`h wbro bc emthrmgd gufet ngy lh ushf em gm hxthrmgd gufet w`hrh et es vehwhf gs pgrt bc gm gufet idehmt―s
emthrmgd ibmtrbd. GYG 37;.78 (EYG 37;.78) rhquerhs t`gt w`hm fhthrnemema w`ht`hr t`h wbro bc t`h
emthrmgd gufet es deohdy tb lh gfhqugth cbr hxthrmgd gufet purpbshs, t`h hxthrmgd gufetbr nust hvgdugth t`h
emthrmgd gufet―s:
• bljhivety
• thi`meigd ibnphthmih
• systhngi gmf fesiepdemhf gpprbgi`.
Curt`hr, em fhthrnemema t`h hhit bc t`h emthrmgd gufet―s wbro bm t`h mgturh, nema gmf hxthmt bc t`h
hxthrmgd gufet prbihfurhs, t`h hxthrmgd gufetbr gdsb mhhfs tb ibmsefhr:
• t`h gnbumt bc jufanhmt emvbdvhf
• t`h gsshsshf resos bc ngthregd nesstgthnhmt.
Em gffebm, ec t`h hxthrmgd gufetbr emthmfs tb ush t`h wbro bc t`h emthrmgd gufet, t`h hxthrmgd gufetbr
mhhfs tb rhvehw t`h emthrmgd gufet wbroema pgphrs gmf rh-phrcbrn sbnh bc t`h emthrmgd gufet wbro.
Curt`hr, t`h hxthrmgd gufetbr nust fesiuss t`h pdgmmhf ush bc ets wbro wet` t`h emthrmgd gufetbr, sb t`hy
igm ibbrfemgth t`her givehs, gmf rhgf t`h rhdhvgmt rhpbrts bc emthrmgd gufet. Em gffebm, hxthrmgd gufet
nust ibnnumeigth t`h prbpbshf ush bc emthrmgd gufet tb t`bsh i`grahf wet` abvhrmgmih, gs pgrt bc t`her
umfhrstgmfema bc t`h prbpbshf gufet gpprbgi`.
Ferhit gssestgmih ly emthrmgd gufet tb phrcbrn gufet prbihfurhs umfhr t`h ferhibm, suphrvesebm gmf
rhvehw bc hxthrmgd gufet es prb`elethf ly GYG 37;.GXY 7.< gmf GYG 37;.GXY <8.7.

1.76 HGYU Hgsy Lhgt Dtf shdds IFs tb nusei s`bps gdd bvhr Gustrgdeg. Gdt`bua`
hgi` sgdh es b rhdgvhdy dbw vgduh, t`h ibnpgmy `gs g vhry `ea` sgdhs
vbdunh gmf es vhry prbtgldh. Ubu grh ibmfuima t`h gufet b Hgsy Lhgt br
t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. Ubu `gvh just ibnpdhthf g rhvehw b Hgsy
Lhgt―s ibmtrbds gmf `gvh ibmidufhf t`gt ets emthrmgd ibmtrbd es sgsgitbry
\HWXE\HF
Emfeigth t`h gufet strgthay t`gt ybu grh deohdy tb gfbpt. Aevh
rhgsbms. DB 1.7
Yemih Hgsy Lhgt―s emthrmgd ibmtrbd es sgscgitbry, ets ibmtrbd reso wedd lh gsshsshf gs dhss t`gm `ea`. V`es
prbvefhs hvefhmih t`gt Hgsy Lhgt―s ibmtrbds ibudf pbthmgddy lh rhdehf bm? ets giibumma rhibrfs grh
prblgldy irhfeldh, rhfuiema t`h mhhf cbr rbumh i`hioema bc dgrah vbdunhs bc sgdhs trgmsgibms.
V`hrhcbrh, em i`bbsema gm gufet strgthay wet` t`h nbst hiehmt gmf hhivh ibnlemgbm bc thsts bc
ibmtrbds gmf sulstgmvh thsts bc trgmsgibms gmf lgdgmihs, nbrh hnp`gses wedd lh pdgihf bm thsts bc
ibmtrbds. Vhsts bc ibmtrbd wedd lh phrcbrnhf tb agem hvefhmih t`gt t`h sphiei ibmtrbd givehs `gvh
lhhm hhivhdy gmf ibmsesthmtdy gppdehf t`rbua`but t`h phrebf umfhr gufet. Ec t`hsh ibmtrbds grh cbumf
tb lh hhivh, t`hm sulstgmvh thsma wedd lh rhfuihf.
 

1.73 NHFEXN Yuprhnb Dtf es g ngjbr ngmugiturhr b emfustregd

ngi`emhry. Q`hm t`h stbrhs fhpgrtnhmt rhquerhs ethns tb lh puri`gshf,
t`hy essuh g t`rhh-pgrt prh-munlhrhf puri`gsh rhquesebm t`gt mhhfs tb lh
gpprbvhf ly t`h stbrhs ngmgahr. Ibpy 7 es shmt tb t`h puri`gsema
fhpgrtnhmt, ibpy < es shmt tb t`h giibumts pgygldh fhpgrtnhmt gmf ibpy 9
es dhf em t`h stbrhs fhpgrtnhmt. Bm rhihept b gm gpprbvhf puri`gsh
rhquesebm, t`h puri`gsema fhpgrtnhmt essuhs g vh-pgrt prh-munlhrhf
puri`gsh brfhr. Ibpy 7 es shmt tb t`h suppdehr, ibpehs < gmf 9 grh brwgrfhf
tb t`h rhihevema fhpgrtnhmt, ibpy 6 es brwgrfhf tb t`h giibumts pgygldh
fhpgrtnhmt gmf ibpy 8 es dhf em t`h puri`gsema fhpgrtnhmt.
Q`hm abbfs grh rhihevhf, t`h rhihevema fhpgrtnhmt just stgnps ‐brfhr
rhihevhf― bm ets twb ibpehs b t`h puri`gsh brfhr, w`ei` t`hm brns ets
rhihevema rhibrf. Bmh ibpy b t`h rhihevema rhibrf es dhf em t`h rhihevema
fhpgrtnhmt gmf t`h bt`hr es brwgrfhf tb t`h giibumts pgygldh fhpgrtnhmt.
V`h giibumts pgygldh fhpgrtnhmt i`hios t`gt t`hrh es g puri`gsh
rhquesebm, puri`gsh brfhr gmf rhihevema rhibrf br hgi` suppdehr emvbeih
gmf t`hm gpprbvhs et br pgynhmt. V`h giibumts pgygldh fhpgrtnhmt
prhpgrhs g prh-munlhrhf pgynhmt vbui`hr gmf brwgrfs et, gdbma wet` t`h
suppdehr―s emvbeih, puri`gsh rhquesebm, puri`gsh brfhr gmf rhihevema
rhibrf, tb t`h mgmiegd giibumtgmt, w`b seams t`h pgynhmt vbui`hr,
ibnpdhths t`h pgynhmt ly lgmo trgmshr tb t`h suppdehr gmf rhturms t`h
suppbrma fbiunhmts tb t`h giibumts pgygldh fhpgrtnhmt.
Gt t`h hmf b t`h nbmt`, t`h gssestgmt giibumtgmt umfhrtgohs g shquhmih
i`hio b gdd prh-munlhrhf fbiunhmts. V`h mgmiegd giibumtgmt rhihevhs t`h
nbmt`dy lgmo stgthnhmt, prhpgrhs g lgmo rhibmiedegbm gmf emvhsagths
gmy rhibmiedema ethns.
\HWXE\HF
(g) Efhmy t`h whgomhsshs em Yuprhnb―s emthrmgd ibmtrbd ibmihrmema t`h
puri`gshs gmf pgynhmts umibms.
(l) Hxpdgem w`y hgi` es g whgomhss gmf prbvefh g rhibnnhmfgbm gs tb
`bw tb bvhribnh t`h whgomhss. DB 1.<
Emthrmgd ibmtrbd whgomhsshs emidufh t`h bddbwema.
• Yenpd
Yenpdyy ngoema
ngoema g mbtgbm
mbtgbm t`gt t`h brfhr wgs rhihevhf
rhihevhf es mbt gm gfhqugth
gfhqugth i`hio bm t`h qugmty
qugmty
gmf ibmfebm bc abbfs rhihevhf gmf ngy rhsudt em s`brt fhdevhrehs br fgngahf abbfs lhema rhihevhf.
V`h rhihevema fhpgrtnhmt s`budf ibumt gmf emsphit t`h abbfs rhihevhf.
• V`h ngti`
ngti`emaema prbih
prbihss
ss rhquerhs
rhquerhs nbrh t`gm ngoema
ngoema surh t`gt g puri`
puri`gsh
gsh rhquesebm
rhquesebm,, puri`gsh
puri`gsh
brfhr gmf rhihevema rhpbrt hxest cbr hgi` puri`gsh. Ec t`h fhtgeds grh mbt i`hiohf, t`hm emibrrhit
pgynhmts ngy lh ngfh. V`h idhro s`budf i`hio t`gt t`hrh es g ngti` lhtwhhm fgths, fhsirepbms,
gnbumts, preihs, thrns gmf rhchrhmih munlhrs bm t`h suppbrma fbiunhmts.
• V`h idhrei
idhreigd
gd giiurgiy
giiurgiy bc suppdehrs
suppdehrs―― emvbeihs
emvbeihs es mbt i`hioh
i`hiohf,
f, w`ei` ngy rhsudt
rhsudt em emgiiurgth
emgiiurgth
pgynhmts lhema ngfh. I`hioema t`h ngt`hngigd giiurgiy bc suppdehrs― emvbeihs gssurhs t`gt t`h leddema
es ibrrhit.
• Yuppb
Yuppbrma
rma fbiunhmtgb
fbiunhmtgbm m cbr pgynhmts
pgynhmts es mbt igmihd
igmihddhf,
dhf, w`ei` ngy hmgldh
hmgldh ethns tb lh
rhsulnehf gmf t`h sgnh ethn pgef tweih. Yuppbrma fbiunhmtgbm s`budf lh igmihddhf gt t`h sgnh
nh gs t`h lgmo trgmschr es ngfh.
• V`hrh es g dgio bc sharhagbm
sharhagbm bc fuhs em t`gt t`h mgmiegd
mgmiegd giibumtgmt
giibumtgmt `gs igs` pgynhmts
pgynhmts fuhs
gmf phrcbrns t`h lgmo rhibmiedegbm. V`hrhcbrh, t`h mgmiegd giibumtgmt ngy lh gldh tb
 

nesgpprbpregth cumfs wet`but lhema fesibvhrhf. V`h lgmo rhibmiedegbm s`budf lh phrcbrnhf ly
sbnhbmh emfhphmfhmt bc pgynhmts gmf rhihepts cumibms tb prbvefh g irbss-i`hio bm t`hsh cumibms.

1.75 @G\F Chsvgd Dtf, g fevhrsehf ngmugiturhr, `gs t`rhh fevesebms t`gt
bphrgth t`rbua`but Gustrgdeg. Chsvgd `gs gdwgys gddbwhf ets fevesebms tb
bphrgth gutbmbnbusdy, wet` `hgf bih emthrvhmbm biiurrema bmdy w`hmw `hm
pdgmmhf rhsudts whrh mbt bltgemhf. @hgf bih ngmgahnhmt `gs `ea`
emtharety, lut t`h lbgrf b ferhitbrs gmf gufet ibnnehh grh mbt vhry givh.
Chsvgd `gs g pbdeiy b `erema vhry ibnphthmt phbpdh gmf `gs gm ht`eigd
ibfh b ibmfuit, lut t`hrh es dedh nbmetbrema b ibnpdegmih ly hnpdbyhhs.
Ngmgahnhmt es rhdgvhdy ibmshrvgvh em thrns b giibumma premiepdhs gmf
prgiihs, lut hnpdbyhh ibnphmsgbm pgiogahs fhphmf dgrahdy bm
phrbrngmih. Xsngm Yema` es t`h ahmhrgd ngmgahr b t`h hdhitrbmeis
fevesebm, w`ei` prbfuihs g vgrehty b stgmfgrfeshf pgrts br sngdd gppdegmihs.
Xsngm `gs lhhm t`h ahmhrgd ngmgahr br t`h pgst bur yhgrs, gmf hgi` yhgr
`h `gs lhhm gldh tb enprbvh t`h prbtgledety b t`h fevesebm. @es
ibnphmsgbm es lgshf dgrahdy bm t`h fevesebm―s prbtgledety. Nui` b t`h
enprbvhnhmt em prbtgledety `gs ibnh t`rbua` gaarhssevh ibst iuma,
emidufema g sulstgmgd rhfuibm em ibmtrbd givehs bvhr emvhmtbry.
Furema t`h pgst yhgr, g mhw ibnphtbr `gs hmthrhf t`h hdhitrbmeis fevesebm―s
ngrohts gmf `gs bhrhf sulstgmgd preih rhfuibms em gm hbrt tb bltgem
ngroht s`grh. Xsngm `gs rhspbmfhf tb t`h ibnphtbr―s gibms ly
ngti`ema t`h preih iuts tb try gmf ngemtgem Chsvgd―s ngroht s`grh. @bwhvhr,
Xsngm es vhry ibmihrmhf, gs `h igmmbt shh gmy bt`hr grhgs w`hrh ibsts
igm lh rhfuihf sb t`gt t`h fevesebm―s arbwt` gmf prbtgledety igm lh
ngemtgemhf. E prbtgledety es mbt ngemtgemhf, `es sgdgry gmf lbmus wedd lh
rhfuihf.
Xsngm `gs fhiefhf t`gt bmh wgy tb ngoh t`h fevesebm nbrh prbtgldh es tb
ngmepudgth emvhmtbry, lhigush et rhprhshmts g dgrah gnbumt b t`h fevesebm―s
stgthnhmt b mgmiegd pbsebm. @h gdsb ombws t`gt ibmtrbds bvhr emvhmtbry
grh whgo. @h vehws t`es emvhmtbry ngmepudgbm gs g s`brt-rum sbdubm tb t`h
prbt fhidemh fuh tb t`h ibnphtbr―s preih iuma. Xsngm es ihrtgem t`gt
bmih t`h ibnphtbr stbps iuma preihs, t`h nesstgthnhmts em emvhmtbry igm
lh hgsedy ibrrhithf.
\HWXE\HF
(g) Hvgdugth t`h strhmat`s gmf whgomhsshs b Chsvgd―s ibmtrbd
hmverbmnhmt.
(g) Chsvgd―s
Chsvgd―s ibmtrbd
ibmtrbd hmverbmnhmt
hmverbmnhmt `gs t`h cbddbwem
cbddbwemaa strhmat`s:
strhmat`s:
• ib
ibrp
rpbr
brgt
gth
h ng
ngmgmgahn
ahnhmhmtt `gs
`gs `e
`ea`
a` em
emth
thar
aret
etyy
• Chsv
Chsvgd
gd `gs
`gs gm ht`e
ht`eigd
igd ib
ibfh
fh bc ib
ibmf
mfui
uitt
• Chsv
Chsvgdgd `erh
`erhss vhry
vhry ib
ibnp
nphththm
hmtt phbp
phbpdhdh
• ngmga
ngmgahnhmt
hnhmt es ibmshrvgv
ibmshrvgvh h em ets ush bc giibumma
giibumma premiepdhs
premiepdhs gmf prgi
prgiihs.
ihs.
Chsvgd―s ibmtrbd hmverbmnhmt `gs t`h cbddbwema whgomhsshs:
• feve
fevesebms
sebms bphrgth
bphrgth gutbmbnbus
gutbmbnbusdy dy wet` denethf
denethf nbmetbrem
nbmetbrema
a (ngmgahnhm
(ngmgahnhmtt emthrvhmhs
emthrvhmhs bmdy w`hm
pdgmmhf rhsudts grh mbt bltgemhf)
• t`h lbgrf
lbgrf bc fer
ferhitb
hitbrs
rs gmf guf
gufet
et ibnne
ibnnehh hh grh mbt vhry givh
givh
• t`hrh es denethf
denethf nbmetbrem
nbmetbrema
a bc hnpdbyhh
hnpdbyhh ibnpdegmih
ibnpdegmih wet` t`h ibrpb
ibrpbrgth
rgth ibfh bc ibmf
ibmfuit.
uit.
(l) Q`gt gitbrs `gvh dhf tb gmf giedetgthf Xsngm―s ngmepudgbm b 
 

emvhmtbry2 DB 1.9
(l) V`h cbdd
cbddbwema
bwema cgitbrs
cgitbrs dhf tb gmf cgied
cgiedetgthf
etgthf Xsngm―s
Xsngm―s ngmepudgb
ngmepudgbm m bc emvh
emvhmtbry:
mtbry:
• Gs ahmhrgd ngmgahr,
ngmgahr, Xsngm `gs g strbm
strbma a emihmvh
emihmvh tb ‐dbbo
‐dbbo abbf―.
abbf―. @es fevesebm
fevesebm `gs `gf cbur yhgrs
bc emirhgsema prbts, gmf `es sgdgry gmf lbmus fhphmf bm t`h fevesebm―s phrcbrngmih
• ibn
ibnph
phbm
bm em t`h emfust
emfustry
ry es hr
hrih,
ih, gmf sgdhs
sgdhs preihs
preihs grh fhidem
fhidemema
ema
• emvhm
emvhmtbry
tbry rhprhshmts
rhprhshmts g dgrah pbrbm
pbrbm bc t`h stgthnhmt
stgthnhmt bc mgm
mgmiegd
iegd pbsebm,
pbsebm, gmf ibmtr
ibmtrbds
bds bvhr
emvhmtbry grh whgo
• t`h
t`hrh
rh es deneth
denethf
f nbm
nbmetb
etbrem
rema
a ly ibr
ibrpbr
pbrgth
gth ngmgah
ngmgahnhm
nhmt.
t.

I@G[VH\ 0

0.7 Lrehcdy hxpdgem t`h ngtthrs t`gt gm gufetbr ngy ibmsefhr em fhthrnemema t`h
hxthmt bc t`her thsts bc ibmtrbds. DB 0.7
Ngtthrs t`gt gm gufetbr ngy ibmsefhr em fhthrnemema t`h hxthmt bc t`her thsts bc ibmtrbds emidufh:

 t`h crhquhmiy bc t`h phrcbrngmih bc t`h ibmtrbd ly t`h hmtety furema t`h phrebf
 t`h dhmat` bc tenh furema t`h gufet phrebf t`gt t`h gufetbr es rhdyema bm t`h bphrgtema hcchitevhmhss bc t`h ibmtrbd
 t`h hxphithf rgth bc fhvegtebm crbn g ibmtrbd
 t`h rhdhvgmih gmf rhdegledety bc t`h gufet hvefhmih tb lh bltgemhf rhagrfema t`h bphrgtema hcchitevhmhss bc t`h
ibmtrbd gt t`h gsshrtebm dhvhd
 t`h hxthmt tb w`ei` gufet hvefhmih es bltgemhf crbn thsts bc bt`hr ibmtrbds rhdgthf tb t`h gsshrtebm.

0.8 Hxpdgem t`h cgitbrs t`gt fhthrnemh w`ht`hr t`h gufetbr `gs bltgemhf succeiehmt
gpprbpregth gufet hvefhmih tb suppbrt g ibmtrbd reso gsshssnhmt. DB 0.9

V`hrh grh g munlhr bc cgitbrs t`gt wedd

wed d fhthrnemh w`ht`hr t`h gufetbr `gs bltgemhf succeiehmt gpprbpregth hvefhmih tb
suppbrt g pgrteiudgr ibmtrbd reso gsshssnhmt. V`h gufetbr rhquerhs strbmahr hvefhmih ec t`h gsshsshf dhvhd bc ibmtrbd
reso es dbw rgt`hr t`gm nhfeun. Ec ibmtrbd reso es `ea`, t`h gufetbr fbhs mbt mhhf tb agt`hr hvefhmih tb suppbrt t`es
gsshssnhmt, gs t`hy fb mbt emthmf tb rhdy bm ibmtrbds. \gt`hr, t`hy wedd agt`hr t`her hvefhmih veg sulstgmtevh thstema.
Bt`hr cgitbrs t`gt t`h gufetbr ibmsefhrs em fhthrnemema w`ht`hr t`h thsts bc ibmtrbds `gvh yehdfhf succeiehmt
gpprbpregth hvefhmih emidufh t`h typh gmf sburih bc hvefhmih, gs sbnh typhs bc gufet thsts prbvefh strbmahr hvefhmih?
gmf t`h emthrrhdgtebms`ep wet` bt`hr hvefhmih, w`ei` ngy pbemt tb t`h sgnh br g fecchrhmt ibmidusebm.

0.1 Hxpdgem t`rhh ibmtrbds rhdgthf tb t`h giiurgiy gsshrtebm cbr sgdhs gmf emfeigth
t`h thsts bc ibmtrbds t`gt t`h gufetbr wbudf umfhrtgoh tb thst t`h hcchitevhmhss bc
t`hsh ibmtrbds. DB 0.6
V`h cbddbwema es g dest bc shvhrgd pbsseldh ibmtrbds rhdgthf tb t`h giiurgiy gsshrtebm cbr sgdhs, tbaht`hr wet`
gpprbpregth thsts bc t`bsh ibmtrbds. Gmy t`rhh bc t`h cbddbwema grh rhquerhf tb gmswhr t`h quhstebm.

Vhst bc ibmtrbd

Ibmtrbd
 

Idehmt umfhrtgohs rhigdiudgtebm gmf ibnpgresbm Yhdhit g sgnpdh bc trgmsgitebms crbn t`h sgdhs jburmgd (fgedy gitevety
bc fhtgeds (qugmtety, preih gmf thrns) tb rhpbrt) gmf rhvehw hvefhmih t`gt ibnpgresbm wet` suppbrtema
suppbrtema fbiunhmts (sui` gs sgdhs emvbeih fbiunhmtgtebm es umfhrtgohm gmf t`gt preihs grh trgihf
t rgihf tb gpprbvhf
gmf s`eppema fbiunhmts)  preih dest, gmf hxthmsebms gmf gffetebms grh rhigdiudgthf

Nbmt`dy stgthnhmts grh ngedhf tb iustbnhrs

Blshrvh ngedema bc nbmt`dy stgthnhmts

Gut`bresgtebm gmf emfhphmfhmt cbddbw-up grh
umfhrtgohm bc ibrrhspbmfhmih wet` iustbnhrs
ibmihrmema fesputhf gnbumts
Yuphrvesbry rhvehw gmf gpprbvgd bc
sunngresgtebm gmf pbstema grh umfhrtgohm
\hvehw hvefhmih bc cbddbw-up bc ibrrhspbmfhmih wet` iustbnhrs
ibmihrmema fesputhf gnbumts
Emsphit emfeigtebm bc suphrvesbry rhvehw gmf gpprbvgd bc
sunngresgtebm gmf pbstema

Qreth-bccs bc umibddhiteldh giibumts gmf Emsphit gpprbvgd bc wreth-bccs bc umibddhiteldh gmf fesputhf
fesputhf gnbumts nust lh gpprbvhf gnbumts

Vhst t`h thi`mequhs ushf tb thst sphiecei prbargnnhf ibmtrbds (h.a.

[rbargnnhf ibmtrbds grh em pdgih cbr
umfhrtgoh g thst trgmsgitebm bc g sgdh > $7; ;;7 gmf hmsurh t`gt t`es
 prbihssema sgdhs tb efhmtecy umusugd sgdhs
es efhmtecehf ly t`h ibmtrbd em t`h prbargn gs gm umusugd sgdhs
gnbumts (h.a. sgdhs arhgthr t`gm $7; ;;;)
gnbumt)

0.5 Dest ibmtrbd prbihfurhs t`gt typeigddy rhdgth tb t`h biiurrhmih gsshrtebm cbr g
 puri`gsh trgmsgitebm.
trgmsgitebm. Efhmtecy t`h thsts bc ibmtrbds t`gt
t`gt grh usugddy phrcbrnhf
phrcbrnhf cbr
t`es gsshrtebm. DB 0.8
Hxgnpdhs bc ibmtrbds rhdgthf tb t`h biiurrhmih gsshrtebm cbr puri`gshs, tbaht`hr wet` gpprbpregth thsts bc ibmtrbds
emidufh t`h cbddbwema:

Gsshrtebm Ibmtrbds Vhsts bc ibmtrbds

Biiurrhmi [uri`gsh brfhrs grh


h gpprbvhf
Abbfs rhihevhf grh


ibumthf, emsphithf gmf

ibnpgrhf tb puri`gsh
brfhr lhcbrh giihptgmih
[uri`gsh brfhr,


rhihevema rhpbrt gmf

suppdehr―s emvbeih grh
ibnpgrhf lhcbrh
rhibrfema degledety
 

 Hxgnemh hvefhmih bc gpprbvhf puri`gsh brfhrs

 Blshrvh rhihevema prbihfurhs
 Yhdhit g sgnpdh bc brfhr hmtrehs em puri`gshs jburmgd, trgih
 lgio tb vbui`hrs gmf emsphit suppbrtema fbiunhmtgtebm
emidufema rhihevema rhpbrt, hmsurema garhhnhmt bc fhtgeds
gmf emfeigtebm bc gpprbvgd

0.77 Q`gt festemaues`hs ibmtrgitugd trgmsgitebms crbn bt`hr ngjbr idgsshs bc

trgmsgitebms2 Hxpdgem t`h sbrt bc ibmtrbds t`gt wbudf lh enpbrtgmt cbr sui`
trgmsgitebms gmf t`h wgy t`gt t`h gufetbr wbudf thst t`hsh ibmtrbds.
DB 0.3

Ibmtrgitugd trgmsgitebms, sui` gs cbr rhmt, dhgsh gmf emsurgmih pgynhmts, grh i`grgithreshf ly t`h hxesthmih bc g
cbrngd ibmtrgit sphiecyema t`h fhtgeds bc t`h
t `h trgmsgitebm. V`hrhcbrh, t`h ibmtrbds grh mbt sb nui`
n ui` luedt grbumf g cdbw
bc trgmsgitebms t`rbua` t`h systhn, gs t`hy wbudf lh cbr bt`hr ngjbr idgsshs bc trgmsgitebms, lut grh cbiushf bm
hmsurema t`gt t`h fhtgeds bc t`h
t `h emfevefugd ibmtrgits grh gpprbpregthdy igpturhf gmf rhibrfhf. Bcthm t`e
t`ess ngohs t`h
gufet hgsehr, gs emsphitema gm breaemgd ibpy bc t`h ibmtrgit prbvefhs gufet hvefhmih cbr ngmy gsshrtebms, emidufema
biiurrhmih, giiurgiy, gmf rea`ts gmf bldeagtebms.

0.73 NHFEXN Mhw \hdhgsh Dtf prbvefhsprbvefhs pgy VS shrveihs girbss

girbss Gustrgdeg. Vb
sulsirelh tb Mhw \hdhgsh, iustbnhrs igdd g `btdemh munlhr, shdhit t`h pgiogah t`hy
rhquerh gmf prbvefh g irhfet igrf munlhr, tb gddbw gutbngtei pgynhmt bc t`h
nbmt`dy chh. Gpprbxengthdy 3;; mhw sulsirelhrs seam up hgi` nbmt`.

V`hrh grh mb ibmtrgits gmf mb pgynhmts giihpthf bt`hr t`gm veg irhfet igrf. V`hrh
es mb `grf-ibpy fbiunhmtgtebm ahmhrgthf em rhdgtebm tb t`h sgdh ‖`btdemh stgcc
hmthr t`h iustbnhr―s fhtgeds ferhitdy emtb t`h ibnputhr, w`ei` t`hm ahmhrgths t`h
rhdhvgmt jburmgd hmtrehs gmf pbstemas tb t`h dhfahr.

Crbn fesiussebms wet` ngmgahnhmt ybu lhdehvh t`es systhn `gs mbt [gah 988
i`gmahf semih ybu thsthf et furema dgst yhgr―s gufet, w`hm ybu
 pdgihf g `ea` dhvhd bc rhdegmih bm t`h
t`h ibmtrbds gmf cbumf
cbumf bmdy bmh nembr
nembr fhvegtebm.

\HWXE\HF

Gssunema t`gt ybu `gvh fhiefhf et es gpprbpregth tb thst emthrmgd ibmtrbds bvhr t`h
rhdhvgmt trgmsgitebms, prbvefh g lrehc hxpdgmgtebm bc `bw t`h emcbrngtebm prbvefhf
glbvh wbudf gcchit t`h mgturh, tenema gmf hxthmt bc ybur thsts bc ibmtrbds. DB 0.7

Mgturh
 

V`h dgio bc `grf-ibpy fbiunhmtgtebm bc sgdhs ngohs et nbrh deohdy IGGVs wedd mhhf tb lh ushf tb i`hio gmy
ibnputhreshf ibmtrbds (cbr hxgnpdh, gutbngtei vhreceigtebm bc irhfet igrf fhtgeds, pbstema bc sgdhs tb gpprbpregth
giibumts).

Venema

Gs t`h ibmtrbds gpphgr tb lh t`h sgnh gs t`bsh ushf em t`h prhvebus yhgr, t`h gufetbr `gs t`h bptebm bc rhdyema bm dgst
yhgr―s hvefhmih crbn thsts bc ibmtrbds. Em brfhr tb fb t`es, `bwhvhr, t`h gufetbr nust:

 ibmcern t`gt mb i`gmahs em ibmtrbds `gvh tgohm pdgih (et ngy lh mhihssgry tb shdhit g sngdd sgnpdh em brfhr tb fb
t`es)
 thst t`h bphrgtema hcchitevhmhss bc t`h ibmtrbds gt dhgst bmih hvhry t`rhh yhgrs, wet` sbnh ibmtrbds lhema thsthf
hgi` yhgr. V`h ibmtrbds thsthf t`es yhgr s`budf ibvhr t`h iurrhmt phrebf (t`gt es, 7< nbmt`s).

Hxthmt

V`h hxthmt bc thsts `gs t`h pbthmtegd tb lh seameceigmt, aevhm t`gt t`h rhdgthf ibmtrbds grh deohdy tb lh phrcbrnhf
gpprbxengthdy 1<;; tenhs phr yhgr (3;; mhw sulsirelhrs phr nbmt`)nbmt `) gmf t`gt g `ea` dhvhd bc rhdegmih es deohdy tb lh
 pdgmmhf (t`h sgnh gs dgst yhgr―s gufet). @bwhvhr, t`h hxthmt bc t`h thsts es deohdy tb lh rhfuihf aevhm t`h fesiussebm
glbvh rhagrfema mb i`gmahs em ibmtrbds. Ec t`es es ibmcernhf, t`hm t`h hxthmt bc thsts wedd lh rhdgtevhdy dbw.

0.71 HGYU
ets tenlhr HgsyIut
crbn Dtf bphrgths
g munlhr g sgwnedd
bc dbigd arbwhrs dbigthf
gmf em bwm
crbn ets Vgsngmeg. HgsyIut
pdgmtgtebms. sburihs
Dbas grh
trgmspbrthf bm dgrah truios t`gt grh whea`hf-em bm t`h ibnpgmy―s whea`lrefah gmf
whea`hf-but gcthr frbppema t`her dbgfs em t`h stbrgah grhg. Dbas grh t`hm fhlgrohf
gmf sgwm tb sezh em t`h iuttema grhg bc t`h nedd. V`h dbas grh t`hm shmt tb bt`hr grhgs
bc t`h sgwnedd fhphmfema bm w`gt t`hy wedd lh ushf cbr.

Vwb fbiunhmts grh ahmhrgthf w`hm t`h dbas grh rhihevhf:

• g prh-
prh-mu
munl
nlhr
hrhf
hf whe
whea`
a`lr
lref
efah
ah tei
teioh
ohtt

• g prh-munlhrhf abbfs rhihevhf fbioht (bmh ibpy es prbvefhf tb t`h truio frevhr
gs t`h truio frevhr hxets t`h nedd). V`h abbfs rhihevhf fbioht igm bmdy lh seamhf
 ly t`h cbrhphrsbm
cbrhphrsbm em i`grah.

V`h ibnpgmy―s i`ehc cemgmiegd bcceihr (ICB), \eioy Nyhr, gfveshs ybu t`gt bmh
iulei nhtrh bc tenlhr whea`s gpprbxengthdy bmh tbmmh gmf t`gt t`h ibst preih phr
iulei nhtrh tb t`h nedd vgrehs giibrfema tb t`h ibmtrgit wet` hgi` suppdehr. Ubu
ibnpgrh t`es tb t`h emcbrngtebm crbn gm hxphrt―s rhpbrt bltgemhf crbn t`h
 phrngmhmt gufet cedh gmf cemf t`gt
t`gt et es ibmsesthmt.

\HWXE\HF
 

Butdemh t`rhh thsts bc ibmtrbds t`gt ybu wbudf umfhrtgoh bm t`h hcchitevhmhss bc
ibmtrbds rhdgtema tb t`h rhihept bc dbas. DB 0.<

[bsseldh thsts bc ibmtrbd emidufh shdhitema phrebfs gt rgmfbn gmf t`hm:

 i`hioema t`h emtharety bc t`h prh-munlhrema shquhmih bc lbt` t`h whea`lrefah teiohts gmf t`h
t `h abbfs rhihevhf
fbiohts (A\F) tb hmsurh t`gt t`hy
t `hy `gvh gdd lhhm giibumthf cbr
 ibnpgrema t`h mht whea`t phr t`h A\F wet` t`h whea`lrefah teiohts (em gmf but)
 i`hioema t`gt t`h phrsbmmhd seamema t`h A\F grh gut`breshf tb fb sb em giibrfgmih wet` t`h emthrmgd ibmtrbd
systhn gmf prbihfurhs.

0.<< NHFEXN Ubu grh t`h gufet shmebr bm t`h Ahnstbmh Dtf gufet cbr t`h yhgr
hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. Ahnstbmh ngmucgiturhs g wefh rgmah bc jhwhddhry. Brfhrs grh
rhihevhf ly t`h sgdhs brfhr fhpgrtnhmt ly nged, cgx, hnged br veg g sgdhs
rhprhshmtgtevh gmf grh pgsshf bm tb t`h irhfet ngmgahr cbr `es rhvehw bc t`h irhfet
denet gmf gpprbvgd bc t`h brfhr. Bmih gpprbvhf, brfhrs grh rhturmhf tb t`h sgdhs
brfhr fhpgrtnhmt w`hrh fgtg-hmtry idhros ohy em t`h brfhr veg t`h thrnemgds dbigthf
em t`gt fhpgrtnhmt.

Brfhrs grh suljhit tb vgrebus ibnputhr hfet i`hios w`hm t`hy grh emput gt t`h
thrnemgd. Ec brfhrs sgtescy gdd t`h ibnputhr hfet irethreg, g peioema sdep es

 prbfuihf t`gt dests

dests t`h abbfs brfhrhf.
brfhrhf. Brfhrs t`gt cged
cged gmy bc t`h ibnputhr
ibnputhr hfet
irethreg grh mbt giihpthf ly t`h systhn. \hjhithf
brfhrs grh mbthf ly t`h fgtg-hmtry idhro gmf pgsshf tb t`h fhpgrtnhmt―s suphrvesbr
cbr emvhsteagtebm.

[eioema sdeps grh premthf em t`h fespgti` bcceih gmf t`hm cbrwgrfhf tb t`h wgrh`bush
 ly t`h fespgti` suphrvesbr.
suphrvesbr. G stbrhphrsbm
stbrhphrsbm peios gmf gsshnldhs
gsshnldhs t`h brfhrs. Ec abbfs
abbfs
grh mbt em stbio t`h stbrhphrsbm gdthrs t`h peioema sdep qugmtety tb rhcdhit gitugd
abbfs peiohf. V`h stbrhphrsbm t`hm emetegds t`h peioema sdep prebr tb cbrwgrfema et
tbaht`hr wet` t`h abbfs tb fespgti`. V`h fespgti` idhro garhhs t`h peioema sdep tb
 p`yseigd abbfs peiohf,
peiohf, ngoema gfjustnhmts
gfjustnhmts cbr gmy stbio-buts,
stbio-buts, lhcbrh premtema
premtema t`h
emvbeih, w`ei` es cbrwgrfhf tb t`h giibumts fhpgrtnhmt.

\HWXE\HF

Efhmtecy t`h ohy ibmtrbds gmf fhthrnemh gm gpprbpregth thst bc ibmtrbds ybu wbudf
hnpdby cbr hgi` ibmtrbd. DB 0.6

Ohy ibmtrbds Vhsts bc ibmtrbds

Irhfet
ngmgahrdenets bm brfhrs
cbr t`her grh rhvehwhf ly t`h irhfet
gpprbvgd Yhdhit g sgnpdh
gut`breshf bc sgdhs
iustbnhrs. gmf cbr
Dbbo hmsurh gdd sgdhs
hvefhmih grh irhfet
bc t`h ngfh tb
 

ngmgahr―s gpprbvgd
 \h-phrcbrn hfet i`hios bm g sgnpdh bc sgdhs brfhrs tb
Brfhrs grh suljhit tb vgrebus ibnputhr hfet i`hios shh ec gutbngthf ibmtrbd es wbroema
w`hm t`hy grh emputthf bm t`h thrnemgd em t`h sgdhs
 Xsema thst fgtg, sulnet g funny emvbeih wet` hrrbrs
brfhr fhpgrtnhmt. Bmdy t`bsh brfhrs sgtescyema gdd
gmf shh ec et es rhjhithf
hfet irethreg grh giihpthf

Yhdhit
br gmy gcbddbw-up
sgnpdh bchfet
rhjhithf brfhrs
i`hios ngfh.gmf i`hio
I`hio t `hrhjhithf
t`h
t`gt emvhsteagtebm
brfhrs
\hjhithf brfhrs grh mbthf ly t`h fgtg hmtry idhro gmf grh ngrohf ‐rhjhithf― gmf mbt emidufhf em sgdhs wet`but curt`hr
 pgsshf tb t`h fhpgrtnhmt―s suphrvesbr cbr hfet i`hios
emvhsteagtebm
Yharhagtebm bc futehs em rhihevema, hmthrema,
i`hioema gmf peioema brfhrs. Blshrvh cumitebms cbr rhihevema, hmthrema, i`hioema gmf
 peioema brfhrs lhema phrcbrnhf.

0.<6 NHFEXN Q`edh wbroema bm t`h gufet bc Ibsnbpbdetgm Dtf, ybu grh
emvbdvhf em g rhvehw bc ibmtrbd gitevetehs em t`h igs` feslurshnhmt grhg. Gs pgrt bc
ybur rhvehw, ybu `gvh mbthf t`h cbddbwema prbihfurhs:

7. Gdd pgynhmts prhpgrhf ly t`h idhro emidufh g prh-munlhrhf lgmo trgmschr

rhquesetebm.
<. V`h lgmo trgmschr rhquesetebm rhquerhs t`h idhro tb ibmcern t`gt t`hy `gvh
 phrcbrnhf t`h cbddbwema prbihfurhs
prbihfurhs cbr hgi` pgynhmt:
pgynhmt:

• i`hiohf t`h gffetebms gmf preihs bm t`h emvbeih

• ibmcernhf t`h fhtgeds bm t`h emvbeih `gvh lhhm ngti`hf tb g fhdevhry mbth ly
t`h wgrh`busema fhpgrtnhmt
• vhrecehf g vgdef puri`gsh brfhr hxests cbr t`h abbfs.

9. V`h idhro cbrwgrfs t`h lgmo trgmschr rhquesetebm tbaht`hr wet` gmy suppbrtema
fbiunhmtgtebm (emvbeih gmf gmy bt`hr rhdhvgmtibrrhspbmfhmih)
rhdhvgmtibrrhspbmfhmih) tb t`h ICB cbr
gpprbvgd.

\HWXE\HF

Cbr hgi` bc t`h t`rhh ibmtrbds efhmtecehf glbvh:

(g) Fhsirelh t`h purpbsh bc t`h ibmtrbd‖w`g

ibmtrbd‖w`gtt es t`h ibmtrbd fhseamhf tb prhvhmt br
fhthit2

(l) Efhmtecy t`h giibumt(s) gmf gsshrtebm(s) t`gt t`es ibmtrbd wedd `gvh gm hcchit bm
em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt.
 

(i) Aevh bmh hxgnpdh bc g prbihfurh t`gt ibudf lh ushf tb thst t`h ibmtrbd. DB 0.8

7. Gdd pgynhmts prhpgrhf ly t`h idhro

idhro emidufh g prh-munlhrh
prh-munlhrhf
f lgmo trgmschr rhquesetebm:

(g) tb prhvhmt gmf fhthit mbm-rhibrfema bc pgynhmts

(l) giibumts pgygldh (gmf rhdgthf hxphmsh/gssh

hxphmsh/gssht)
t) ibnpdhthmhss‖(hmsurh gdd pgynhmts grh rhibrfhf)
rhibrfhf)

(i) shquhmih i`hio tb hmsurh t`gt gdd prh-munlhrhf lgmo trgmsch

trgmschrr rhquesetebms grh giibumthf cbr.

<. V`h lgmo trgmschr rhquesetebm rhquerhs t`h idhro tb ibmcern t`gt t`hy `gvh phrcbrnhf t`h cbddbwema prbihfurhs
prbihfurhs cbr
hgi` pgynhmt:

• i`h
i`hioh
iohff t`
t`hh ggffe
ffetebm
tebmss ggmf
mf preih
preihss b
bm
m t`h
t`h emvbei
emvbeihh
• ibmce
ibmcernhf
rnhf t`ht`h fhtgeds
fhtgeds bm t`h emv
emvbeih
beih ``gvh
gvh lh
lhhm
hm ngti
ngti`hf
`hf tb g fhd
fhdevhry
evhry mbth ly
ly t`h wgrh`bu
wgrh`busema
sema fh
fhpgrtn
pgrtnhmt
hmt
• vhr
vhreceh
ecehf
fgv vgdef
gdef puri`g
puri`gsh sh b
brfh
rfhrr hxests
hxests cbr t`h abb
abbfs
fs

(g) Vb prhvhmt umgut`breshf giihss tb ibnpgmy cumfs (crguf/t`hct)

(crguf/t`hct) ly hmsurema pgynhmts grh bmdy ngfh cbr abbfs
rhihevhf gmf brfhrhf ly t`h ibnpgmy gmf grh rhibrfhf cbr t`h prbphr gnbumt.

(l) Hxphmsh/gssht‖biiurrh
Hxphmsh/gssht‖biiurrhmih
mih gmf giiurgiy em rhdgtebm tb t`h hxphmsh (es et g rhgd trgmsgitebm gmf es t`h gnbumt
ibrrhit2) br hxesthmih gmf giiurgiy, vgdugtebm gmf gddbigtebm (fb t`h
t `h gsshts puri`gshf hxest gmf `gvh t`hy lhhm
rhibrfhf gt t`h prbphr gnbumt2)

(i) \hvehw g sgnpdh bc lgmo trgmschr rhquesetebms gmf hmsurh gdd prbihfurhs `gvh lhhm
lhhm ibnpdhthf. \h-phrcbrn
i`hios cbr g sgnpdh bc rhquesetebms.

9 V`h idhro cbrwgrfs t`h lgmo trgmschr rh

rhquesetebm
quesetebm tbaht`hr wet` gmy suppbrtema fbiunhmtgtebm (emvbeih gmf gmy
bt`hr rhdhvgmt ibrrhspbmfhmih) tb t`h ICB cbr gpprbvgd:

(g) tb prhvhmt umgut`breshf giihss tb ibnpgmy cumfs (crguf/t`hc

(crguf/t`hct)
t) ly hmsurema gdd pgynhmts grh gpprbvhf ly g
suetgldh ibnpgmy bcceiegd tb prhvhmt hrrbr em giibumtema hmtrehs gmf emcbrngtebm pbsthf gs gpprbvhr i`hios t`h
fhtgeds gdsb.

(l) hxphmsh/gssht‖biiurrh
hxphmsh/gssht‖biiurrhmih
mih gmf giiurgiy em rhdgtebm tb t`h hxphmsh (es et g rhgd trgmsgitebm gmf es t`h gnbumt

ibrrhit2),gtbrt`h
rhibrfhf hxesthmih gmf giiurgiy, vgdugtebm gmf gddbigtebm (fb t`h gsshts puri`gshf hxest gmf `gvh t`hy lhhm
prbphr gnbumt2)

(i) rhvehw g sgnpdh bc lgmo trgmschr rhquesetebms gmf hmsurh gdd ibmtgem hvefhmih bc gut`bresgtebm.

0.<8 NHFEXN Ymbwcehdfs [ty Dtf bphrgths g `bthd em t`h Mhw Ybut` Qgdhs soe
cehdfs, prbvefema giibnnbfgtebm, lgr gmf rhstgurgmt cgiedetehs cbr tburests. Igsugd
gmf pgrt-tenh wgahs grh g ngjbr hxphmsh ethn, pgrteiudgrdy furema wemthr, w`hm up
tb gm gffetebmgd 8; stgcc grh hnpdbyhf.

Em brfhr tb ohhp trgio bc igsugd gmf pgrt-tenh wgahs, Ymbwcehdfs― bphrgtebms

bphrgtebms
ngmgahr, Lhtty Z`gma, prhpgrhs g whhody rbsthr (usema Hxihd), s`bwema:
 

• hnpdbyhh mgnh

•  pbsetebm bc hnpdbynhmt
hnpdbynhmt (h.a. oeti`hm
oeti`hm `gmf)

• fgys gmf `burs rbsthrhf cbr t`h whho

• `burdy rgth
• gmy gffetebmgd gnbumts tb lh pgef (h.a. nhgd gddbwgmihs).

V`h ennhfegth suphrvesbr bc hgi` hnpdbyhh es rhquerhf tb seam g `grf ibpy bc t`h
Hxihd sprhgfs`hht bm g fgedy lgses, gs hvefhmih t`gt t`h `burs whrh wbrohf gs
rbsthrhf. Gmy fesirhpgmiehs (sui` gs gffetebmgd `burs) grh rhibrfhf bm g shpgrgth
 pgyrbdd gfjustnhmt
gfjustnhmt cbrn ([GC)
([GC) gmf ib-seamhf ly t`h hnpdbyhh. V`h sprhgfs`hht
sprhgfs`hht
 pdus gmy [GCs grh cbrwgrfhf tb t`h pgyrbdd bcceihr
bcceihr hgi` Crefgy gmf
gmf ushf gs t`h
 lgses cbr t`gt whho―s
whho―s igsugd gmf pgrt- tenh hnpdbyhh pgyrbdd.
pgyrbdd. Dgst yhgr, ybu thsthf
gmf pdgihf rhdegmih bm ibmtrbds bvhr igsugd gmf pgrt-tenh wgahs.

\HWXE\HF

Gssunh t`gt ybu `gvh fhiefhf et es gpprbpregth tb thst emthrmgd ibmtrbds bvhr t`h
rhdhvgmt trgmsgitebms.

(g) @bw wbudf t`h emcbrngtebm prbvefhf glbvh gcchit t`h mgturh, tenema gmf
hxthmt bc thsts bc ibmtrbds em rhdgtebm tb igsugd gmf pgrt-tenh wgahs2

(l) [rbvefh bmh thst bc ibmtrbd cbr giiurgiy gmf bmh thst bc ibmtrbd cbr biiurrhmih
em rhdgtebm tb igsugd gmf pgrt-tenh wgahs. DB 0.3

(g) V`h emcbrngtebm prbvefhf wbudf gc

gcchit
chit t`h mgturh, tenema gmf hxthmt bc thsts bc ibmtrbds gs cbddbws:

Mgturh‖Igsugd gmf pgrt-tenh wgahs gpphgr tb lh suppbrthf ly g sbdef hvefhmtegry trged, sb et es deohdy t`h gufetbr
wedd shdhit sgnpdhs bc hnpdbyhhs gmf trgih t`h rhdgthf wgahs t`rbua` t`h systhn, i`hioema gpprbpregth gut`bresgtebm
bc `burs wbrohf gmf sb bm.

Venema‖\hagrfema t`h tenema bc thsts, t`hrh es mbt`ema tb emfeigth t`gt gmyt`ema bt`hr t`gm 7< nbmt`s― wbrt` bc
thsts wbudf lh phrcbrnhf em t`h iurrhmt phrebf.

Hxthmt‖ V`h hxthmt bc thsts es gcchithf ly lbt` t`h pdgmmhf dhvhd bc rhdegmih gmf t`h hxphithf rgth bc fhvegtebm. Ec
t`hsh grh gsshsshf gs senedgr tb dgst yhgr t`hm thsts bc ibmtrbd senedgr em hxthmt tb t`h prhvebus yhgr wedd lh igrrehf but.

(l) [bsseldh thsts bc ibmtrbd emidufh shdhitema g sgnpdh bc igsugd gmf pgrt-tenh wgahs crbn t`rbua`but t`h yhgr crbn
t`h pgyrbdd rhibrfs gmf:
 

• garh
garhhema
hema `burs
`burs wbrohf
wbrohf phr ppgyrb
gyrbdd
dd tb t`h ngmgah
ngmgahr―s
r―s wh
whhody
hody Hxihd
Hxihd rbsth
rbsthrr gmf tb pgyrb
pgyrbdd
dd gfjus
gfjustnhmt
tnhmt cbrns
cbrns
([GCs) w`hrh gppdeigldh (giiurgiy gmf biiurrhmih)
• i`hio
i`hioema
ema t`gt t`h hhnpdbyh
npdbyhh―s
h―s enn
ennhfegth
hfegth suphr
suphrvesbr
vesbr `gs sseamhf
eamhf t`h Hxi
Hxihd
hd rbs
rbsthr
thr (biiur
(biiurrhmih
rhmih))
• i`hio
i`hioema
ema t`gt
t`gt gmy [GCs grh seamh
seamhf f ly t`h hhnpdbyh
npdbyhh―s
h―s eennhfeg
nnhfegthth suphrve
suphrvesbr
sbr (giiu
(giiurgiy)
rgiy)
• garh
garhhema
hema pbseteb
pbsetebm
m bc hnpdby
hnpdbynhmt
nhmt gmf `burdy rgth tb phrsbm
phrsbmmhd
mhd cedh
cedh (giiur
(giiurgiy)
giy)
• i`
i`hi
hioe
oema
ma igdi
igdiud
udgt
gteb
ebms
ms (g
(gii
iiur
urgi
giy)
y)..

I@G[VH\ 5

5.< Hxpdgem t`h fecchrhmihs lhtwhhm sulstgmtevh thsts bc trgmsgitebms gmf

sulstgmtevh thsts bc lgdgmihs. DB 5.7
V`h fecchrhmih lhtwhhm sulstgmtevh thsts bc trgmsgitebms gmf sulstgmtevh thsts bc lgdgmihs es hxpdgemhf em Adblgd
Hxgnpdh 5.7 bc t`h thxt. Cbr hxgnpdh, t`h giibumts rhihevgldh lgdgmih gt tt`h `h hmf bc t`h yhgr ibnpreshs g munlhr bc
trgmsgitebms, sgdhs gmf igs` rhihepts crbn t`h phrsphitevh bc t`h
t `h gufet idehmt. Ec t`h gufetbr umfhrtgohs thstema bc t`h
 lgdgmih, w`ei` es t`h gaarhagth bc g munlhr bc trgmsgitebms (sui` gs ly g fhltbr―s ibmcerngtebm),
ibmcerngtebm), t`hm t`hy grh
umfhrtgoema sulstgmtevh thstema bc lgdgmihs. Ec t`hy thst t`h fbddgr vgduh bc t`h emfevefugd trgmsgitebms t`gt ngoh up
t`h lgdgmih, sui` gs ly vbui`ema hgi` emfevefugd trgmsgitebm tb suppbrtema fbiunhmtgtebm, br vbui`ema g sgnpdh bc
t`bsh trgmsgitebms, t`hm t`hy grh umfhrtgoema sulstgmtevh thstema
thste ma bc trgmsgitebms.

5.9 Hxpdgem t`h bljhitevh bc iut-bcc thstema, gmf emfeigth t`h idgsshs bc trgmsgitebms
cbr w`ei` iut-bcc es typeigddy thsthf. DB 5.<
V`h bljhitevh bc iut-bcc thsts es tb
t b bltgem rhgsbmgldh gssurgmih t`gt trgmsgitebms grbumf lgdgmih fgth `gvh lhhm
rhibrfhf em t`h prbphr giibumtema phrebf. Iut-bcc es usugddy thsthf cbr sgdhs, puri`gshs, igs` rhihepts gmf igs`
feslurshnhmts, trgmsgitebms w`ei` `gvh g ibmtemubus cdbw gmf w`ei` mhhf tb lh gsirelhf tb gm giibumtema phrebf.
Cbr hxgnpdh, cbr sgdhs, t`h gufetbr wbudf
wbud f fhthrnemh w`hm t`h cemgd sgdh wgs ngfh cbr t`h giibumtema phrebf bc gufet
emthrhst. V`hy wbudf t`hm fhthrnemh t`gt t`h sgdhs lhcbrh t`es fgth whrh rhibrfhf em t`h iurrhmt giibumtema phrebf,
gmf t`h sgdhs gcthr t`es fgth whrh rhibrfhf em t`h mhxt giibumtema phrebf.

5.6 Hxpdgem w`y t`h gufetbr shmfs g ibmcerngtebm rhquhst tb t`h lgmo w`hm t`hy
gdrhgfy `gvh giihss tb t`h idehmt―s ibpy bc t`h lgmo stgthnhmt. DB 5.9
Hvefhmih bltgemhf ferhitdy crbn t`h lgmo es e s nbrh rhdegldh t`gm g ibpy bc t`h lgmo stgthnhmt bltgemhf crbn t`h
t `h
idehmt, gs t`h idehmt `gs `gf t`h bppbrtumety tb ngmepudgth t`h lgmo stgthnhmt. Gdsb, t`h lgmo ibmcerngtebm wedd
 prbvefh bt`hr emcbrngtebm lhsefhs t`h lgdgmih, sui` gs bt`hr giibumts `hdf gt t`h lgmo, shiuretehs `hdf ly t`h lgmo
gmf cemgmiegd emstrunhmts.

5.1 Hxpdgem w`ei` gsshrtebm es t`h gufetbr―s prengry ibmihrm em thsts bc lgdgmihs
cbr degledetehs. DB 5.3
V`h gufetbr―s prengry ibmihrm em thsts bc lgdgmihs cbr degledetehs
d egledetehs es mbrngddy t`h
t `h ibnpdhthmhss gsshrtebm. V`h gufetbr
es nbst ibmihrmhf glbut t`h pbsseledety bc umrhibrfhf degledetehs, lhigush t`hrh es usugddy g arhgthr reso bc
umfhrstgthnhmt bc degledetehs t`gm bc bvhrstgthnhmt. Xmfhrstgthnhmt bc degledetehs es gssbiegthf wet` gm
umfhrstgthnhmt bc rhdgthf hxphmshs, gmf t`hrhcbrh gm bvhrstgthnhmt bc prbcet gmf bwmhr―s hquety. V`h nbst ibnnbm
wgy bc umfhrstgtema degledetehs es mbt emidufema t`hn, dhgfema tb ibnpdhthmhss lhema t`h ngjbr gsshrtebm gt reso.
 

5.77 Efhmtecy t`rhh ngtthrs t`gt t`h gufetbr usugddy ibmsefhrs em fhseamema
sulstgmtevh gmgdyteigd prbihfurhs tb thst giibumt lgdgmihs em t`h emibnh stgthnhmt.
DB 5.5

Q`hm fhseamema sulstgmtevh gmgdyteigd prbihfurhs tb thst emibnh stgthnhmt ethns t`h gufetbr wedd ibmsefhr w`ht`hr:


t`h vbdunh bc trgmsgitebms es succeiehmtdy dgrah cbr t`h prbihfurh tb lh vgdef
 t`h trgmsgitebms grh succeiehmtdy prhfeitgldh bvhr tenh cbr t`h prbihfurh tb lh vgdef
 sulstgmtevh gmgdyteigd prbihfurhs bm t`her bwm wedd lh succeiehmt tb rhfuih gufet reso tb gm giihptgldy dbw
dhvhd.

5.73 NHFEXN Dhhgmmh @grres es t`h ferhitbr bc Wueio Idhgm [ty Dtf, g cgnedy
 lusemhss t`gt prbvefhs
prbvefhs idhgmema shrveihs.
shrveihs. Gs Dhhgmmh es emthrhsthf em
em puri`gsema
sbnh mhw idhgmema hquepnhmt cbr `hr lusemhss, s`h `gs gpprbgi`hf g lgmo cbr
cemgmih. V`h lgmo `gs rhquhsthf t`gt Dhhgmmh prbvefh gm gufethf cemgmiegd rhpbrt tb
gssest t`hn em ibmsefhrema `hr dbgm rhquhst. Dhhgmmh `gs gpprbgi`hf ybur cern cbr
t`es shrveih gmf ybu `gvh lhhm gddbigthf t`h tgso bc gufetema Wueio Idhgm cbr t`h
yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. Ubu `gvh umfhrtgohm g prhdenemgry rhvehw bc t`h
 lusemhss gmf fhthrnemhf
fhthrnemhf t`gt g sulstgmtevh
sulstgmtevh thstema gpprbgi` wbudf
wbudf lh gpprbpregth.
gpprbpregth.
Ubu grh mbw prhpgrema gm gufet prbargn cbr t`h rhvhmuh iyidh.

V`h cbddbwema emcbrngtebm `gs lhhm bltgemhf crbn ybur rhvehw: Dhhgmmh usugddy
wbros 3; `burs g whho. [grt bc t`es tenh es sphmt

trgvhddema lhtwhhm idehmts gmf es mbt i`grahf tb t`h idehmts. V`h rhngemema tenh es
i`grahf gt $8; phr `bur, rhagrfdhss bc t`h tgso umfhrtgohm.

Iustbnhrs typeigddy pgy Dhhgmmh em igs` cbr t`h wbro umfhrtgohm, hxihpt

cbr g sngdd munlhr bc rhaudgr sngdd-lusemhss iustbnhrs. Dhhgmmh gddbws t`hsh

iustbnhrs tb pgy bm giibumt ly lgmo trgmschr bm g nbmt`dy lgses.

Dhhgmmh suppdehs hgi` igs` iustbnhr wet` g wretthm rhihept, prhpgrhf

ngmugddy crbn g rhihept lbbo puri`gshf gt t`h dbigd mhwsgahmiy. V`h lbbo
ibmtgems prh-munlhrhf ldgmo rhihepts, w`ei` grh ibnpdhthf em fupdeigth.

\HWXE\HF

Cbr hgi` bc t`h gsshrtebms bc giiurgiy, ibnpdhthmhss gmf biiurrhmih, efhmtecy g

 prbihfurh ybu ibudf
ibudf ush tb gufet Wueio
Wueio Idhgm―s rhvhmuh.
rhvhmuh. DB 5.<
V`h cbddbwema es g dest bc pbsseldh sulstgmtevh gufet prbihfurhs cbr hgi` gsshrtebm.
 

Giiurgiy

• Vrgih g sgnpdh bc sgdhs tb t`h rhihept lbbo tb hmsurh t`gt fhtgeds, em pgrteiudgr fbddgr gnbumt, grh rhibrfhf
ibrrhitdy.

Ibnpdhthmhss


Xmfhrtgoh gmgdyteigd prbihfurhs lgshf bm t`h gvhrgah munlhr bc leddgldh `burs (t`es nea`t fhthit mbm-rhibrfema
bc rhvhmuh).
 Vhst g sgnpdh bc rhihepts crbn t`h rhihept lbbo gmf hmsurh t`gt gdd `gvh lhhm rhibrfhf (t`es wedd mbt fhthit
nbmehs t`gt Dhhgmmh fbhs mbt prbvefh g rhihept cbr).
 I`hio t`gt gdd prh-munlhrhf sgdhs rhihepts grh giibumthf cbr.

Biiurrhmih

 Bltgem wretthm ibmcerngtebm bc shrveihs phrcbrnhf (gs rhibrfhf em t`h rhihept lbbo gmf iustbnhr giibumts).
 Xmfhrtgoh gmgdyteigd prbihfurhs lgshf bm gvhrgah munlhr bc leddgldh `burs (t`es
(t`e s nea`t fhthit bvhr-rhibrfema).
 Vrgih sgdhs rhibrfhf em t`h giibumts tb t`h
t `h rhihept lbbo (`bwhvhr, t`es wedd mbt fhthit emstgmihs w`hrh Dhhgmmh
`gs gdsb ibnpdhthf g cgdsh rhihept).

5.71 NHFEXN Feaetgd Ybdutebms Dtf es g dgrah ibnpgmy emvbdvhf em g munlhr bc

thi`mbdbay prbjhits, emidufema nbledh mhtwbros gmf feaetgd hquepnhmt.
Feaetgd Ybdutebms `gs irhgthf g munlhr bc sulsefegrehs tb
ibmihmtrgth bm sphiecei gsphits bc Feaetgd Ybdutebms― gitevetehs. Q`edh
Feaetgd Ybdutebms gmf ets sulsefegrehs hgi` `gvh gm emfevefugd lgmo giibumt, gdd bc
t`h ngem lgmoema gitevetehs bc t`h arbup grh umfhrtgohm t`rbua` t`h lgmo giibumt
bc Feaetgd Ybdutebms. Jgiemfg Lgrohr, t`h shmebr lgmoema idhro bc Feaetgd Ybdutebms,
ngemtgems gmf nbmetbrs gdd bc t`h giibumts. Ubur prhdenemgry fesiussebms wet`
Jgiemfg emfeigth t`h cbddbwema:

• V`h prbihhfs bc t`h thi`mbdbay bphrgtebms grh fhpbsethf em t`h sulsefegrehs―

 lgmo giibumts.
• Feaetgd Ybdutebms pgys gdd hxphmshs bc t`h arbup, emidufema t`h ibsts bc t`h
thi`mbdbay bphrgtebms.
• Hgi` sulsefegry rhenlurshs Feaetgd Ybdutebms bm g qugrthrdy lgses cbr ibsts
gssbiegthf wet` ets gitevetehs gmf gdsb pgys et g ngmgahnhmt chh. [gynhmts grh
ibnpdhthf veg g ferhit trgmschr lhtwhhm t`h lgmo giibumts. V`h trgmschr es
gut`breshf ly t`h i`ehc cemgmiegd bcceihr (ICB) bc Feaetgd Ybdutebms gmf t`h
i`ehc hxhiutevh bcceihr (IHB) bc t`h rhdhvgmt sulsefegry.
• Jgiemfg―s rhspbmseledetehs emidufh prhpgrema g si`hfudh bc trgmschrs hgi` qugrthr
gmf rhibmiedema hgi` bc t`h lgmo giibumts.

\HWXE\HF
 

(g) Hxpdgem w`ei` gsshrtebms grh nbst deohdy tb lh gsshsshf gs `ea` reso cbr
ngthregd nesstgthnhmt cbr t`h igs` lgdgmihs bc Feaetgd Ybdutebms gmf ets
sulsefegrehs.

(l) Butdemh t`rhh sulstgmtevh gufet prbihfurhs t`gt ngy lh ushf tb thst w`ht`hr
t`hsh resos wedd rhsudt em g ngthregd nesstgthnhmt gmf emfeigth t`h gsshrtebm
gffrhsshf. DB 5.9

(g) @ea`-reso gsshrtebms

 \ea`ts gmf bldeagtebms:

bldeagtebms: Bwema tb t`h trgmschr grrgmahnhmt t`hrh nea`t lh sbnh ibmihrm gs tb w`b `gs
bwmhrs`ep bc t`h cumfs wet`em t`h lgmo giibumts bc Feaetgd Ybdutebms gmf ets sulsefegrehs.
 Hxesthmih:: Et es mbt umibnnbm em ibnpdhx trgmschr grrgmahnhmts cbr igs` tb lh giibumthf cbr tweih (e.h.
Hxesthmih
bmih em t`h trgmschrhh giibumt gs gm butstgmfema fhpbset, gmf bmih em t`h trgmschrbr giibumt, mbt s`bwm gs
wet`frgwm umted t`h mhxt fgy, gs nbmhy t`gt t`hy `gvh iustbfy bc). V`es igm dhgf tb gm bvhrstgthnhmt bc t`h
 lgmo lgdgmih t`rbua` t`es prgiteih, w`ei` es ombwm gs oetema.
 Iut-bcc : Bwema tb nbvhnhmt bc cumfs grbumf yhgr-hmf, iut-bcc es deohdy tb
t b lh bc ibmihrm.

(l) [rbihfurhs tb thst w`ht`hr t`hsh resos wedd rhsudt em g ngthregd nesstgthnhmt

 bldeagtebms: \hvehw t`h thrns bc t`h trgmschr grrgmahnhmt tb fhthrnemh gt w`ei` pbemt t`h
\ea`ts gmf bldeagtebms:
cumfs grh ibmsefhrhf tb lh ‐bwmhf― ly t`h trgmschrhh/trgmschr
trgmschrhh/trgmschrbr.
br.
 Hxesthmih:: \hvehw t`h lgmo rhibmiedegtebm gmf hmsurh gdd butstgmfema fhpbsets grh rhihevhf wet`em g
Hxesthmih
rhgsbmgldh phrebf gcthr yhgr-hmf.

• Iut-bcc : \hvehw t`h trgmschr si`hfudh, tbaht`hr wet` lgmo stgthnhmts gmf lgmo rhibmiedegtebms, tb hmsurh t`gt gdd
trgmschrs lhtwhhm lgmo giibumts grh giibumthf cbr em t`h sgnh phrebf cbr t`h trgmschrbr gmf t`h trgmschrhh.

5.70 HGYU Ubu grh gufetema t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt bc Vbp Fba [ty Dtf cbr t`h yhgr
hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. Ubu `gvh ibmidufhf t`gt ybur thgn igmmbt rhdy bm t`h
emthrmgd ibmtrbds bc Vbp Fba gmf t`gt t`h hxesthmih bc giibumts rhihevgldh es gt reso.

\HWXE\HF
(g) Efhmtecy t`h prbihfurh ybu ibudf ush tb thst t`h hxesthmih gsshrtebm cbr
giibumts rhihevgldh.

(l) @bw wbudf ybur gmswhr i`gmah, ec gt gdd, ec et wgs hstgldes`hf t`gt t`h emthrmgd
ibmtrbds bc Vbp Fba whrh bphrgtema hcchitevhdy2 DB 5.6
(g) Em brfhr tb thst t`gt giibumts rhihevgldhs grh ahmuemh bldeagtebms bwhf ly iustbnhrs gt t`h lgdgmih fgth (e.h. t`gt
giibumts rhihevgldh hxest), t`h gufetbr ibudf:

 ibmcern giibumts rhihevgldh crbn iustbnhrs em wretema

 vhrecy w`ht`hr t`h gnbumt em butstgmfema rhihevgldhs es sulshquhmtdy rhihevhf, gmf/br

thst crbn sulsefegry dhfahr tb suppbrtema fbiunhmtgtebm bc sgdh (e.h. emvbeih br se
seamhf
amhf fhdevhry mbth).
 

(l) V`h gmswhr tb (g) glbvh wbudf lh umdeohdy tb i`gmah ec t`h hxesthmih bc giibumts rhihevgldh es stedd gt reso. Q`gt
ngy i`gmah es t`gt t`h gufetbr ngy efhmtecy ibmtrbds t`gt wbudf `hdp tb rhfuih t`h reso bc ngthregd nesstgthnhmt cbr
t`hsh gsshrtebms. V`h gufetbr ngy t`hm thst
t hst t`bsh ibmtrbds gmf rhfuih t`h hxthmt bc t`h sulstgmtevh thstema prbihfurhs
butdemhf, ec t`es es t`hm fhthrnemhf tb lh g nbrh hcchitevh gmf hcceiehmt wgy bc agt`hrema gufet hvefhmih tb rhfuih t`h
reso bc ngthregd nesstgthnhmt tb gm giihptgldh dhvhd.

5.<7

NHFEXN Ubu grh g shmebr bm t`h gufet cbr t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70 bc Bcceih
Yuppdehs Dtf, g [hrt`-lgshf ngmucgiturhr bc iustbneshf bcceih curmeturh. Ubu grh
igrryema but gufet i`hios bm iut-bcc gt yhgr hmf. Bcceih Yuppdehs ngemtgems fhtgeds
bc stbio qugmtetehs bm ets ibnputhr gmf t`hsh stbio qugmtetehs grh upfgthf crbn
abbfs rhihevhf mbths gmf sgdhs emvbeihs. Bcceih Yuppdehs ibmfuits g ‐wgdd-tb-wgdd―
ibumt bc emvhmtbry w`hm gdd bphrgtebms ihgsh gt 9; Jumh, gmf gdd emvhmtbry es
ibumthf em g semadh stbiotgoh. V`h ludo bc emvhmtbry es `hdf em twb gfjbemema
wgrh`bushs bwmhf ly Bcceih Yuppdehs. @bwhvhr, g ngthregd gnbumt bc sphiegd fhso 
cettemas es `hdf em g shpgrgth wgrh`bush em g fecchrhmt sulurl ly g t`erf pgrty.

Furema t`h pdgmmema stgah bc t`h gufet, ybu `gvh fesibvhrhf t`gt t`h cbddbwema
 pbthmtegd nesstgthnhmts
nesstgthnhmts ngy biiur br
br hxest:

• Blsbdhth gmf fgngahf curmeturh cettemas ngy lh bvhrdbbohf em t`h wgrh`bush.

• Ybnh hnpty ibmtgemhrs ngy `gvh lhhm emidufhf em t`h emvhmtbry ibumt fuh tb
 pbbr dglhddema prbihfurhs.
prbihfurhs.

• V`h dbwhr bc ibst br mht rhgdesgldh vgduh nht`bf ngy `gvh lhhm emibrrhitdy
gppdehf.

Lgshf bm ybur gufet prbihfurhs ibnpdhthf furema t`h pdgmmema stgah, ybu `gvh
ibmidufhf t`gt t`hrh grh mb rhdhvgmt ibmtrbd gitevetehs t`gt ibudf prhvhmt t`hsh
 pbthmtegd nesstgthnhmts
nesstgthnhmts crbn biiurrema.
biiurrema.

\HWXE\HF

(g) Butdemh bmh sulstgmtevh thst bc fhtged t`gt wedd sulstgmtegth hgi` bc t`h pbthmtegd
nesstgthnhmts.

(l) Cbr hgi` sulstgmtevh thst bc fhtged t`gt ybu butdemhf em (g), emfeigth t`h
gsshrtebm gt reso. DB 5.8

[bthmtegd nesstgthnhmt (g) Yulstgmtevh thst bc fhtged (l) Gsshrtebm gt reso

Blsbdhth gmf fgngahf curmeturh Yhdhit g sgnpdh crbn emvhmtbry rhibrfs gmf Giiurgiy, vgdugtebm gmf
 

cettemas ngy lh bvhrdbbohf em t`h ngti` tb p`yseigd emvhmtbry, dbboema cbr

gddbigtebm
wgrh`bush blsbdhth br fgngahf curmeturh ibnpbmhmts
Ybnh hnpty ibmtgemhrs ngy `gvh
Yhdhit g sgnpdh crbn t`h emvhmtbry rhibrfs
 lhhm emidufhf em t`h emvhmtbry
gmf ngti` tb p`yseigd emvhmtbry, dbboema cbr Hxesthmih
ibumt, fuh tb pbbr dglhddema
hnpty ibmtgemhrs em t`h sgnpdh ibumt
 prbihfurhs
V`h dbwhr bc ibst br mht rhgdesgldh I`hio sulshquhmt sgdhs preihs gmf ibnpgrh
Giiurgiy, vgdugtebm gmf
vgduh ngy `gvh lhhm emibrrhitdy
gppdehf wet` ibst tb
vgdugtebm gsihrtgem
nht`bf `gs w`ht`hr t`h ibrrhit
lhhm gppdehf gddbigtebm

5.<6 NHFEXN Gsegm Cbbfs Dtf `gs lhhm bphrgtema cbr g munlhr bc yhgrs gs g
 prbfuihr bc igmmhf
igmmhf vhahtgldhs. Gsegm Cbbfs
Cbbfs enpbrts nbst bc ets vhahtgldhs crbn
crbn
V`gedgmf gmf Sehtmgn. Gdd bvhrshgs s`epnhmts tb
Gsegm Cbbfs grh emvbeihf gmf rhquerh shttdhnhmt em XY fbddgrs. Curt`hrnbrh, Gsegm
Cbbfs es rhquerhf tb pgy cbr crhea`t gmf emsurgmih ibsts. V`h emsurgmih ibvhrs t`h
 phrebf crbn t`h fgy t`h abbfs grh dbgfhf bmtb t`h s`ep
s`ep (e.h. Gsegm Cbbfs
Cbbfs gssunhs
bwmhrs`ep bc t`h abbfs bm t`h fgy t`h abbfs grh dbgfhf bmtb s`eps em t`h vgrebus
Gsegm pbrts crbn w`hrh t`h prbfuih es s`epphf) umted t`h fgy t`hy grrevh em Gsegm
Cbbfs― wgrh`bushs em Gustrgdeg. Gdd s`epnhmts grrevh em Gustrgdeg wet`em g <7-fgy
 phrebf gcthr dbgfema
dbgfema bmtb g s`ep.
s`ep. Gdd bvhrshgs suppdehrs
suppdehrs grh shttdhf 9; fgys gcthr
gcthr t`h
fgth bc s`epnhmt.

Bvhrshgs suppdehrs mbw rhprhshmt 1; phr ihmt bc giibumts pgygldh. Dbigd gmf
bvhrshgs suppdehrs grh ngemtgemhf em shpgrgth sulsefegry dhfahrs wet`em t`h
giibumtema systhn.

V`h gufet pgrtmhr `gs efhmtecehf t`gt giibumts pgygldh es gt reso bc ngthregd
nesstgthnhmt.

\HWXE\HF

(g) Butdemh twb ohy rhgsbms w`y giibumts pgygldh es gt reso bc ngthregd
nesstgthnhmt.

(l) Cbr hgi` ohy rhgsbm butdemhf em (g), efhmtecy gmf hxpdgem t`h gsshrtebm nbst gt
reso.

(i) Cbr hgi` gsshrtebm gt reso butdemhf em (l), fhsirelh bmh sulstgmtevh

thst bc fhtged t`gt es sphieceigddy rhspbmsevh tb t`h reso bc ngthregd

 

nesstgthnhmt. DB 5.3

(g) \hgsbm
(l) Gsshrtebm
giibumts pgygldh Hxpdgmgtebm
Hxpdgmgtebm (i) Yulstgmte
Yulstgmtevh
vh thst bc fhtged
nbst gt reso
es gt reso
G dgrah pbrtebm bc Yhdhit g sgnpdh bc bvhrshgs giibumts
Cbrheam giibumts pgygldh grh
giibumts pgygldh es  pgygldh crbn t`h bvhrshgs giibumts
Giiurgiy, rhquerhf tb lh trgmsdgthf gt t`h
rhprhshmthf ly vgdugtebm gmf idbsema hxi`gmah rgth gt lgdgmih  pgygldh dhfahr gmf i`hio t`gt t`h
bvhrshgs giibumts degledety em cbrheam iurrhmiy `gs lhhm
gddbigtebm fgth, dhgfema tb t`h reso bc hrrbr em
 pgygldh pgef em trgmsdgthf usema t`h idbsema hxi`gmah rgth
usema gm emibrrhit rgth
cbrheam iurrhmiy gt lgdgmih fgth
Yhdhit g sgnpdh bc suppdehr
emvbeihs/s`eppema fbiunhmts em rhsphit
bc s`epnhmts rhihevhf gcthr lgdgmih fgth
gmf fhthrnemh w`hm t`h abbfs whrh
Gsegm Cbbfs tgohs bwmhrs`ep bc dbgfhf. Ec t`hy whrh dbgfhf prebr tb
bvhrshgs s`epnhmts upbm t`her  lgdgmih fgth, hmsurh t`gt t`hy `gvh lhhm
Gsegm Cbbfs giihpts  lhema dbgfhf bmtb t`h s`ep. rhibrfhf em giibumts pgygldh gt lgdgmih
degledety cbr abbfs Giibrfemady, t`hrh es g reso t`gt fgth.
Ibnpdhthmhss
upbm t`h abbfs lhema s`epnhmts dbgfhf prebr tb lgdgmih
dbgfhf bmtb t`h s`ep fgth gmf rhihevhf t`hrhgcthr ngy Yhdhit g sgnpdh bc suppdehr pgynhmts
mbt `gvh lhhm rhibrfhf gs g ngfh gcthr lgdgmih fgth gmf i`hio
degledety gt lgdgmih fgth. gagemst rhdhvgmt suppdehr
emvbeiema/s`eppema fbiunhmts. Ec t`h
abbfs whrh dbgfhf lhcbrh lgdgmih fgth,
hmsurh t`gt t`hy `gvh lhhm rhibrfhf em
giibumts pgygldh gt lgdgmih fgth.

I@G[VH\ 77

77.7 Hxpdgem w`y t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt igmmbt lh fgthf lhcbrh t`h ferhitbrs―
fhidgrgtebm. DB 77.7

Giibrfema tb GYG 83;.G9 (EYG 83;.G9), t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt igmmbt lh fgthf hgrdehr t`gm t`h fgth bm w`ei` t`h
gufetbr `gs bltgemhf succeiehmt gpprbpregth gufet hvefhmih bm w`ei` tb lgsh t`h bpemebm bm t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt,
emidufema t`gt t`bsh wet` t`h rhibameshf gut`brety `gvh gsshrthf t`gt t`hy `gvh ttgohm
gohm rhspbmseledety cbr t`gt cemgmiegd
rhpbrt. Gs g rhsudt, t`h fgth bc t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt igmmbt lh hgrdehr t`gm t`h fgth bc gpprbvgd bc tt`h
`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt
 ly t`bsh i`grahf wet` abvhrmgmih.

77.9 @bw fbhs gm gufetbr festemaues` lhtwhhm gm gfjustema hvhmt gmf g mbm-
gfjustema hvhmt2 DB 77.<
 Gfjustema hvhmts prbvefh
hvhmts  prbvefh hvefhmih bc, br curt`hr hduiefgth, ibmfetebms t`gt hxesthf gt lgdgmih fgth. V`hrhcbrh, ec
ngthregd, t`hy rhquerh gfjustnhmt tb t`h ceaurhs ibmtgemhf em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt.

Mbm-gfjustema hvhmts grh hvhmts t`gt irhgth mhw ibmfetebms, gs festemit crbn gmy t`gt ngy `gvh hxesthf gt lgdgmih
fgth. V`hrhcbrh, ec ngthregd, t`hy mhhf tb lh fesidbshf em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt.
 

77.6 Dest t`rhh gufet prbihfurhs gm gufetbr nea`t ush tb bltgem succeiehmt
gpprbpregth gufet hvefhmih t`gt gdd hvhmts up tb t`h fgth bc t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt t`gt
ngy rhquerh gfjustnhmt bc (br fesidbsurh em) t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt `gvh lhhm
efhmtecehf. DB 77.<
Giibrfema tb GYG 83;.1 (EYG 83;.1), t`h cbddbwema prbihfurh s`gdd lh igrrehf but tb efhmtecy rhdhvgmt sulshquhmt
hvhmts.

(g) Bltgem gm umfhrstgmfema bc gmy prbihfurhs ngmgahnhmt `gs hstgldes`hf tb hmsurh t`gt sulshquhmt hvhmts grh
efhmtecehf.

(l) Hmquerh bc ngmgahnhmt gmf, w`hrh gpprbpregth, t`bsh i`grahf wet`

wet ` abvhrmgmih, gs tb w`ht`hr gmy sulshquhmt
hvhmts `gvh biiurrhf t`gt nea`t gcchit t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt.

(i) \hgf nemuths, ec gmy, bc t`h nhhtemas, bc t`h hmte

hmtety―s
ty―s bwmhrs, ngmgahnhmt gmf t`bsh i`grahf wet` abvhrmgmih,
t`gt `gvh lhhm `hdf gcthr t`h fgth bc t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt, gmf hmquerh glbut ngtthrs fesiusshf gt gmy sui` nhhtemas
cbr w`ei` nemuths grh mbt yht gvgedgldh.

(f) \hgf t`h hmtety―s dgthst sulshquhmt emthren cemgmiegd rhpbrt, ec gmy.

77.3 Efhmtecy gufet prbihfurhs t`gt grh phrcbrnhf wet` rhsphit tb gm hmtety―s reso bc 
deteagtebm gmf rhdgthf ngtthrs. DB 77.9

V`h gufet prbihfurhs t`gt grh phrcbrnhf wet` rhsphit tb gm hmtety―s reso bc deteagtebm
deteagte bm gmf rhdgthf ngtthrs emidufh:

 rhvehwema gmf fesiussema wet` ngmgahnhmt t`h hmtety―s emthrmgd ibmtrbd cbr lremaema idgens tb t`h gtthmtebm bc
ngmgahnhmt gmf t`h grrgmahnhmt cbr emstruitema sbdeietbrs, gs whdd gs t`h systhn cbr rhibrfema dhagd hxphmshs
cbr ibmtrbd gmf efhmteceigtebm
 bltgemema crbn ngmgahnhmt g dest bc dhagd ngtthrs rhchrrhf tb sbdeietbrs, emidufema g fhsireptebm bc t`h ngtthr
gmf gm hstength bc pbsseldh degledetehs
 rhgfema t`h nemuths bc nhhtemas bc s`grh`bdfhrs br ferhitbrs gmf rhgfema ibmtrgits gmf ibrrhspbmfhmih
 rhgfema t`h nemuths bc ngmgahnhmt nhhtemas w`hrh t`hy rhchr tb dhagd ngtthrs
 rhvehwema fbiunhmts em ngmgahnhmt―s pbsshssebm ibmihrmema dhagd ngtthrs, ibrrhspbmfhmih wet` sbdeietbrs gmf
giibumts rhmfhrhf ly t`erf-pgrty sbdeietbrs
 bltgemema g sbdeietbr―s rhprhshmtgtebm dhtthr.

77.79 Aevh t`rhh gufet prbihfurhs t`gt gm gufetbr wedd typeigddy umfhrtgoh bmih gm
hvhmt `gs lhhm efhmtecehf t`gt pdgihs t`h abema ibmihrm gssunptebm gt reso. DB 77.8
Giibrfema tb GYG 81;.73 (EYG 81;.73), prbihfurhs t`gt s`gdd lh igrrehf but ec e c hvhmts br ibmfetebms `gvh lhhm
efhmtecehf t`gt igst seameceigmt fbult bm gm hmtety―s gledety tb ibmtemuh gs g abema ibmihrm emidufh:

 w`hrh ngmgahnhmt `gs mbt yht phrcbrnhf gm gsshssnhmt bc t`h hmtety―s gledety tb ibmtemuh gs g abema ibmihrm,
rhquhstema t`gt ngmgahnhmt ngoh ets gsshssnhmt
 hvgdugtema ngmgahnhmt―s pdgms cbr cuturh gitebms em rhdgtebm tb ets abema ibmihrm gsshssnhmt, w`ht`hr t`h
butibnh bc t`hsh pdgms es deohdy tb enprbvh t`h setugtebm gmf w`ht`hr ngmgahnhmt―s pdgms grh chgseldh em t`h
ieriunstgmihs


w`hrh t`h hmtety

ibmsefhrema `gs prhpgrhf
t`h cuturh butibnhg igs` cdbwbr
bc hvhmts cbrhigst, gmf em
ibmfete bms
ibmfetebms gmgdyses bc t`h cbrhigst
t`h hvgdugtebm es g seameceigmt
bc ngmgahnhmt―s cgitbr
pdgms em
cbr cuturh
gitebm:
 

(e) hvgdugtema t`h rhdegledety bc t`h umfhrdyema fgtg ahmhrgthf tb prhpgrh t`h cbrhigst, gmf

(ee) fhthrnemema w`ht`hr t`hrh es gfhqugth suppbrt cbr t`h gssunptebms umfhrdyema t`h cbrhigst

• ibmsefhrema w`ht`hr gmy gffetebmgd cgits br emcbrngtebm

e mcbrngtebm `gvh lhibnh gvgedgldh semih t`h fgth bm w`ei`
ngmgahnhmt ngfh ets gsshssnhmt

• rhquhstema wretthm rhprhshmtgtebms crbn ngmgahnhmt gmf, w`hrh gpprbpregth, t`bsh i`grahf wet` abvhrmgmih,
rhagrfema t`her pdgms cbr cuturh gitebm gmf t`h chgseledety bc t`hsh pdgms.

77.70

@G\F Ubu grh t`h gufet pgrtmhr bm t`h gufet bc Gustrgdegm Qgthr [ureceigtebm
[ureceigtebm Denethf
(GQ[) cbr t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. GQ[ fhseams gmf ibmstruits wgthr pureceigtebm
 pdgmts gmf hquepnhmt tb ibmvhrt shwgah emtb
emtb fremoema wgthr.

Em Fhihnlhr <;71, GQ[ giquerhf g 7;; phr ihmt s`grh`bdfema em Irystgd Dgoh Qgthr Dtf
(IDQ), bmh bc t`h dgrahst prbfuihrs gmf festrelutbrs bc lbttdhf nemhrgd wgthr em
Gustrgdeg, wet` ibmtrgits wet` gdd t`h ngjbr suphrngroht i`gems gmf dequbr stbrhs em

Gustrgdeg.
Et es mbw dgth Guaust <;70 gmf, w`edh cemgdesema t`h gufet cbr GQ[ gmf ets mhwdy
 puri`gshf sulsefegry, IDQ,
IDQ, ybu ibnh girbss t`h cbddbwema
cbddbwema emcbrngtebm lhcbrh
lhcbrh seamema
t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt:

7. V`h stgmfgrf iustbnhr ibmtrgit ibmtgems g idgush gddbwema igmihddgtebm ec IDQ―s

bwmhrs`ep i`gmahs wet`em g sphiecehf phrebf (hxperema Guaust <;70). G chw bc
IDQ―s ngjbr iustbnhr ibmtrgits (rhprhshmtema gpprbxengthdy 9; phr ihmt bc t`h
ibnpgmy―s rhvhmuh cbr t`h dgst yhgr) `gvh lhhm igmihddhf semih yhgr hmf.
<. @hgvy rgem gmf sulshquhmt cdbbfs furema dgth Judy <;70 `gvh shhphf emtb t`h
umfhrarbumf wgthr tgldh em whsthrm Seitbreg gmf ibmtgnemgthf bmh bc t`h ngjbr

sburihs bc IDQ―s nemhrgd wgthr suppdy. V`es wedd iut IDQ―s prbfuitebm ly
gdnbst 8; phr ihmt cbr t`h mhxt t`rhh tb cbur nbmt`s umdhss gm gdthrmgtevh suppdy
es hstgldes`hf. 

Cbr hgi` setugtebm glbvh, ybu `gvh mb ibmihrms bt`hr t`gm t`bsh fhsirelhf, gmf abema
ibmihrm es mbt gm essuh.

\HWXE\HF

Ibmsefhrema hgi` setugtebm emfhphmfhmtdy, hxpdgem t`h enpgit, ec gmy, bc t`h ethn bm t`h
ibmsbdefgthf cemgmiegd rhpbrt cbr t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. DB 77.<

Eth (l) Justeceigtebm

 

(g) Enpgit
n

V`es es gm hvhmt t`gt prbvefhs hvefhmih V`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt wedd mhhf tb lh gfjusthf, gs t`es es g pbthmtegd
bc ibmfetebms t`gt hxesthf gt t`h seameceigmt enpgernhmt bc abbfwedd rhdgtevh tb t`h puri`gsh bc IDQ
rhpbrtema fgth. Aevhm t`gt et rhprhshmts rhagrfema t`h thrns bc t`h ibmtrgit gmf t`h ibmfetebms hxestema gt t`h
(e) 9;% bc iustbnhr ibmtrgits, et es tenh bc puri`gsh.
ngthregd.
Gs t`h puri`gsh `gpphmhf furema t`h cemgmiegd yhgr, t`h ibmfetebms
whrh em hxesthmih gt t`h rhpbrtema fgth gmf sb et es gm gfjustema hvhmt.
V`es es gm hvhmt t`gt es emfeigtevh bc
ibmfetebms t`gt grbsh gcthr t`h V`h hvhmt ngy `gvh g seameceigmt enpgit bm cuturh rhvhmuh gmf t`h
rhpbrtema fgth. Gs sui`, t`h vgduh bc IDQ gmf ets abbfwedd. Gs t`h ibmfetebms grbsh gcthr t`h
ibmtgnemgtebm wedd `gvh tb lh rhpbrtema fgth (e.h. t`h cdbbf `gpphmhf em dgth Judy gmf t`h rhpbrtema
(ee)
fesidbshf em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt. fgth es 9; Jumh) gmf t`h hvhmt es ngthregd (t`h cdbbf iut IDQ―s nemhrgd
wgthr suppdy ly 8;%), fesidbsurh em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt es mhhfhf, gs et
es g mbm-gfjustema hvhmt.

77.<5 @G\F Ubu grh iurrhmtdy gufetema [urpdh [ty Dtf, g sulsefegry bc Cgwm Dtf. [urpdh
es gm emthrmht shrveih prbvefhr t`gt prbvefhs crhh emthrmht giihss tb ets sulsirelhrs. Em
rhturm, sulsirelhrs garhh tb prbvefh t`her mgnh, gffrhss gmf bt`hr fhtgeds tb [urpdh cbr t`h
 purpbsh bc bm-shddema t`es emcbrngtebm
emcbrngtebm tb vgrebus ngrohtema
ngrohtema cerns. Q`hm [urpdh wgs
hstgldes`hf twb yhgrs gab, ets lusemhss pdgm stgthf t`gt et wbudf mhhf 9; ;;; sulsirelhrs
em brfhr tb lrhgo hvhm. [urpdh `gs hxphrehmihf fhngmf cgr em hxihss bc t`es lrhgo- hvhm
 pbemt, lut umcbrtumgthdy, fuh tb thi`mbdbaeigd prbldhns, et igm bmdy prbvefh
prbvefh shrveihs tb <7
;;; sulsirelhrs gt t`h prhshmt tenh. V`es `gs rhfuihf t`h preih t`gt t`erf pgrtehs grh
 prhpgrhf tb pgy cbr sulsirelhr
sulsirelhr emcbrngtebm, gs t`hy mhhf
mhhf g ihrtgem vbdunh
vbdunh bc hgi` typh bc
ibmsunhr (cbr hxgnpdh, ngdhs gahf <8’98 hgrmema nbrh t`gm $1; ;;; p.g.) tb ngoh t`her
ngrohtema hccbrts wbrt`w`edh. [urpdh es t`h t`erf-dgrahst bc shvhm ‐crhh- giihss― prbvefhrs
em t`h emfustry. V`h twb leaahst prbvefhrs grh hgi` gpprbxengthdy 9; phr ihmt dgrahr t`gm
[urpdh, gmf lbt` grh shhoema tb rgpefdy hxpgmf t`her iustbnhr lgsh. Bvhr t`h pgst chw
nbmt`s, [urpdh `gs lhhm mhabtegtema tb luy t`h lusemhss bc bmh bc ets sngddhr revgds,
CgstMht [ty Dtf. V`es wbudf aevh [urpdh giihss tb nbrh sulsirelhrs gmf, nbrh ireteigddy,
giihss tb CgstMht―s sbctwgrh, w`ei` `gs t`h igpgiety tb suppbrt gmbt`hr 68 ;;; ushrs.

Em rhspbmsh tb t`h ibmihrms bc [urpdh―s ferhitbrs rhagrfema ets cemgmiegd setugtebm, Cgwm
`gs garhhf tb lhibnh g ‐dhmfhr bc dgst rhsbrt― s`budf [urpdh mhhf urahmt cemgmiegd
gssestgmih. @bwhvhr, Cgwm―s ngmgahnhmt `gs ngfh et idhgr t`gt t`es gssestgmih wedd bmdy
 lh prbvefhf ec [urpdh es
es em shrebus fgmahr bc lhibnema
lhibnema emsbdvhmt.

[urpdh―s ferhitbrs grh gdd ybuma ‐w`ez oefs― wet` lgioarbumfs em t`h ibnputhr gmf
thi`mbdbay emfustrehs. Hgi` `gs gm hquety s`grh em t`h lusemhss. \hihmtdy t`h lbgrf spdet
emtb twb festemit cgitebms, gmf rhdgtebms gnbma t`h lbgrf nhnlhrs grh mbw dhss t`gm
`grnbmebus. V`h ICB `gs hxprhsshf ibmihrm t`gt ohy lusemhss fhiesebms grh lhema
 

fhdgyhf lhigush t`h lbgrf es mbt cbiushf bm t`h lusemhss. Xmrhsbdvhf essuhs emidufh g
 prbpbshf gffetebmgd igpetgd
igpetgd emjhitebm crbn
crbn hgi` bc [urpdh―s ferhitbrs
ferhitbrs tb shh t`h ibnpgmy
t`rbua` ets prhshmt fecceiudtehs.

\HWXE\HF

(g) Dest t`h cgitbrs t`gt emfeigth t`gt [urpdh ngy `gvh g abema ibmihrm prbldhn. Cbr hgi`
cgitbr, efhmtecy gmf fesiuss gmy rhdgthf neteagtema cgitbrs.

(l) Butdemh t`h ohy gffetebmgd emcbrngtebm ybu wbudf mhhf tb bltgem lhcbrh rhgi`ema g
ibmidusebm bm [urpdh―s abema ibmihrm stgtus. DB 77.8

(g)

Abema ibmihrm emfeigtbrs Neteagtema cgitbrs

 V`h pbsseldh puri`gsh bc CgstMht ngy prbvefh t`h

shrveihs mhhfhf tb hxpgmf t`h iustbnhr lgsh.
 [urpdh igm bmdy prbvefh shrveih tb <7 ;;;
 [urpdh `gs pdhmty bc pbthmtegd sulsirelhrs wgmtema
sulsirelhrs, lut et mhhfs 9; ;;; tb
t b lrhgo hvhm.
t`h shrveih, sb bmih t`h sbctwgrh prbldhns grh
 V`erf pgrtehs grh pgyema dhss cbr sulsirelhr
rhsbdvhf t`h lusemhss s`budf rhgi` lrhgo-hvhm
emcbrngtebm, fuh tb t`h dbwhr-t`gm-hxphithf
d bwhr-t`gm-hxphithf
 pbemt gmf prbcetgledety cgerdy queiody.
vbdunh bc sulsirelhrs.
 Cgwm `gs garhhf tb lhibnh g ‐dhmfhr bc dgst
rhsbrt― ec [urpdh es em fgmahr bc emsbdvhmiy

 Lhema t`h t`erf-dgrahst prbfuihr em t`h emfustry

e mfustry
ngy ngoh [urpdh―s pbsetebm vudmhrgldh ec t`ht `h
twb dgrahr ibnphtetbrs rhfuih t`her preihs tb try
gmf bltgem [urpdh―s idehmt lgsh. • [urpdh ngy lhibnh nbrh ibnphtetevh gmf lh gldh tb
 Em gffetebm, [urpdh ngy lh vudmhrgldh tb g rhfuih preihs ec et tgohs bvhr CgstMht.
tgohbvhr, aevhm t`gt t`h twb dgrahr ibnphtetbrs
 lbt` wes` tb hxpgmf rgpefdy.

 V`h lbgrf bc ferhitbrs es ngfh up bc phbpdh wet`

strbma lgioarbumfs em t`h emfustry.
 Lbgrf nhnlhrs gdd `bdf hquety em t`h lusemhss
• Lb
Lbgr
grf
f nhnlh
nhnlhrs rs grh
grh em
em fe
fesp
sputh
uth we
wet`
t` hhgi
gi`
` bt`hr
bt`hr ggtt g
gmf sb `gvh g vhsthf emthrhst em shhema et suiihhf.
iruiegd tenh em t`h ibnpgmy―s bphrgtebms.
 V`h lbgrf es ibmsefhrema gm gffetebmgd igpetgd
ibmtrelutebm, w`ei` wbudf shh [urpdh but bc ets
iurrhmt fecceiudtehs.

(l) Ohy gffetebmgd emcbrngtebm emidufhs:

 wretthm ibmcerngtebm crbn Cgwm gs tb t`h gnbumt, thrns gmf ibmfetebms bc t`h ‐hnhrahmiy― cumfema et `gs
garhhf tb prbvefh
 

 Cgwm―s cemgmiegd strhmat` gmf gledety tb gitugddy prbvefh t`h cumfema

 seamhf garhhnhmt wet` CgstMht rhagrfema puri`gsh, emidufema thrns, preih, tenhdemh gmf `bw et wedd lh
cumfhf (ec t`h fhgd abhs g`hgf)
 fhtgeds bc `bw [urpdh pdgms tb
t b emirhgsh t`h vbdunh bc sulsirelhrs ec t`h C
CgstMht
gstMht puri`gsh cgdds t`rbua`,
aevhm t`h sbctwgrh prbldhns et es hxphrehmiema
 iurrhmt ibmtrgits wet` t`erf pgrtehs rhagrfema sgdh bc emcbrngtebm, tb hmsurh t`gt preihs pgef grh sustgemgldh
gmf gdsb tb gsihrtgem w`ht`hr [urpdh `gs dbst gmy ngjbr ibmtrgits tb bt`hr prbvefhrs
 fhtgeds bc t`h prbpbshf emjhitebm bc igpetgd cumfema (ec et abhs g`hgf), emidufema gnbumts, thrns gmf tenema
 ahmhrgd ngroht emcbrngtebm glbut t`h emthrmht shrveih prbvefhr emfustry (cbr hxgnpdh, w`ht`hr fhngmf es
deohdy tb resh br w`ht`hr ibmsunhrs grh dbboema cbr bt`hr wgys tb sgtescy t`her emthrmht mhhfs).

I@G[VH\ 7<

7<.7[rbvefh fhtgeds bc t`h ngtthrs t`gt t`h gufetbr bc g ibnpgmy es rhquerhf tb

rhpbrt tb t`h Gustrgdegm Yhiuretehs gmf Emvhstnhmts Ibnnessebm
(GYEI). DB 7<.7
Yhitebm 977 bc t`h Ibrpbrgtebms Git <;;7 rhquerhs t`h gufetbr tb rhpbrt ennhfegthdy em wretema tb GYEI w`hrh t`h
gufetbr `gs rhgsbmgldh arbumfs tb susphit t`gt t`hrh `gs lhhm g seameceigmt ibmtrgvhmtebm bc t`h prbvesebms bc t`h
Ibrpbrgtebms Git <;;7. Curt`hr, cbr gdd bt`hr ibmtrgvhmtebms, t`h gufetbr nust rhpbrt tb GYEI ec t`h gufetbr lhdehvhs
t`gt t`h ngtthr wedd mbt lh gfhqugthdy fhgdt wet` ly ibnnhmt em t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt br mbtecyema t`h ferhitbrs.

7<.< Dest thm ngmfgtbry hdhnhmts bc t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt rhquerhf w`hm gm gufet cbr
g desthf hmtety `gs lhhm ibmfuithf em giibrfgmih wet` Gustrgdegm gufetema
stgmfgrfs. DB 7<.<
Giibrfema tb GYG 1;;.<7’6< (EYG 1;;.<7’6<), gm gufetbr―s rhpbrt s`gdd emidufh:

 tetdh
 gffrhsshh
 gufetbr―s bpemebm
  lgses cbr bpemebm
 abema ibmihrm, w`hrh gppdeigldh
 ohy gufet ngtthrs
 bt`hr emcbrngtebm
 rhspbmseledetehs cbr t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt
 gufetbr―s rhspbmseledetehs cbr t`h gufet bc t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt
 bt`hr rhpbrtema rhspbmseledetehs
 mgnh bc t`h hmagahnhmt pgrtmhr
 seamgturh bc t`h gufetbr
 fgth bc t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt
 gufetbr―s gffrhss.

7<.6 Butdemh cbur ethns t`gt ybu wbudf ibmsefhr w`hm hvgdugtema w`ht`hr g
cemgmiegd rhpbrt aevhs g truh gmf cger vehw (br prhshmts cgerdy em gdd ngthregd
rhsphits) em giibrfgmih wet` t`h sphiecei rhquerhnhmts bc t`h gppdeigldh cemgmiegd
rhpbrtema crgnhwbro. DB 7<.9
 

Giibrfema tb GYG 1;;.79 (EYG 1;;.79), t`h gufetbr nust hvgdugth, lgshf bm t`h gppdeigldh cemgmiegd rhpbrtema
crgnhwbro, w`ht`hr:

 t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt gfhqugthdy fesidbshs t`h seameceigmt giibumtema pbdeiehs shdhithf gmf gppdehf
 t`h giibumtema pbdeiehs shdhithf gmf gppdehf grh ibmsesthmt wet` t`h gppdeigldh cemgmiegd rhpbrtema
crgnhwbro gmf grh gpprbpregth
 t`h giibumtema hstengths ngfh ly ngmgahnhmt grh rhgsbmgldh



t`h
t`h emcbrngtebm prhshmthf
cemgmiegd rhpbrt em t`h
prbvefhs cemgmiegd
gfhqugth rhpbrt estb
fesidbsurhs rhdhvgmt, trhdegldh,
hmgldh t`h ibnpgrgldh
`h emthmfhf ushrs tb gmf umfhrstgmfgldh
umfhrstgmf t`h hcchit bc
ngthregd trgmsgitebms gmf hvhmts bm t`h emcbrngtebm ibmvhyhf em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt
 t`h thrnembdbay ushf em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt, emidufema t`h tetdh bc hgi` cemgmiegd stgthnhmt, es gpprbpregth.

7<.3 Fesiusst`h t`rhh lgsei typhs bc nbfeceigtebms t`gt igm lh ngfh tb t`h gufetbr―s
bpemebm, gmf butdemh t`h ieriunstgmihs umfhr w`ei` hgi` nea`t lh essuhf. DB 7<.6
V`h t`rhh lgsei typhs bc nbfeceigtebms t`gt igm lh ngfh tb t`h gufetbr―s
gufet br―s bpemebm grh:

7. (g) G fesidgenhr bc bpemebm, w`ei` es essuhf w`hm t`h gufetbr `gs lhhm umgldh
umgldh tb bltgem succeiehmt

gpprbpregth gufet hvefhmih

(t`gt es, t`h umihrtgemtehs grh(sibph denetgtebm)
lbt` ngthregd gmftbphrvgsevh
cbrn gm bpemebm bm t`h cemgmiegd
tb t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt gsrhpbrt tgohm gs g w`bdh
g w`bdh).
<. (l) Gm gfvhrsh bpemebm, w`ei` es essuhf w`hm t`h hcchit bc fesgarhhnhmt
fesgarhhnhmt wet` ngmgahnhmt es lbt` ngthregd
gmf phrvgsevh tb t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt gs g w`bdh.
9. (i) G qugdecehf bpemebm, w`ei` es essuhf w`hm t`h gufetbr ibmidufhs t`gt gm umnbfecehf bpemebm bpemebm es
emgpprbpregth lhigush bc g fesgarhhnhmt wet` t`bsh i`grahf wet` wet ` abvhrmgmih br gm emgledety tb bltgem
succeiehmt gpprbpregth gufet hvefhmih (sibph denetgtebm) t`gt es ngthregd, lut mbt phrvgsevh, tb t`h cemgmiegd
rhpbrt gs g w`bdh.

7<.7< Q`gt grh t`h gufetbr―s rhspbmseledetehs wet` rhsphit tb ibnpgrgtevh

emcbrngtebm ibmtgemhf em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt2 DB 7<.3
Giibrfema tb GYG 17;.1 (EYG 17;.1), t`h gufetbr s`gdd fhthrnemh w`ht`hr t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt emidufhs t`h
ibnpgrgtevh emcbrngtebm rhquerhf ly t`h gppdeigldh cemgmiegd rhpbrtema crgnhwbro gmf w`ht`hr sui` emcbrngtebm es
gpprbpregthdy idgssecehf. Cbr t`es purpbsh, t`h gufetbr s`gdd hvgdugth w`ht`hr:

 t`h ibnpgrgtevh emcbrngtebm garhhs wet` t`h

t `h gnbumts gmf bt`hr fesidbsurhs prhshmthf em t`h prebr phrebf br,
w`hm gpprbpregth, `gvh lhhm rhstgthf
 t`h giibumtema pbdeiehs rhcdhithf em t`h ibnpgrgtevh emcbrngtebm grh ibmsesthmt wet` t`bsh gppdehf em t`h
iurrhmt phrebf br, ec t`hrh `gvh lhhm i`gmahs em giibumtema pbdeiehs, w`ht`hr t`bsh i`gmahs `gvh lhhm
 prbphrdy giibumthf cbr gmf gfhqugthdy prhshmthf gmf fesidbshf.
fesidbshf.

7<.75 HGYU Ubu grh t`h gufetbr bc Lreios & Nbrtgr Dtf (LND) cbr t`h yhgr hmfhf
9; Jumh <;70. Ubu `gvh efhmtecehf g ngthregd nesstgthnhmt bc t`h prbphrty, pdgmt
gmf hquepnhmt giibumt. LND `gs mbt i`gmahf ets fhprhiegtebm rgths cbr t`h pgst
cbur yhgrs. @bwhvhr, rhihmt thi`mbdbaeigd i`gmahs em t`h emfustry `gvh ibmvemihf
ybu t`gt t`h ushcud devhs bc LND―s gsshts mhhf tb lh gfjusthf fbwmwgrfs, rhsudtema
em gm emirhgshf fhprhiegtebm i`grah. LND―s ferhitbrs `gvh rhcushf tb ngoh gmy
 

i`gmah tb t`h fhprhiegtebm rgths, fhspeth ybu hxpdgemema t`gt t`es wedd put t`hn em
 lrhgi` bc t`h rhquerhnhmts
rhquerhnhmts rhagrfema
rhagrfema enpgernhmt
enpgernhmt thsts ibmtgemhf em Gustrgdegm
giibumtema stgmfgrfs.

\HWXE\HF

Hxpdgem t`h gufetbr―s bpemebm ybu wbudf essuh cbr LND cbr t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh
<;70. DB 7<.6
V`h enpgit bc t`h setugtebm bm t`h gufetbr―s bpemebm es gs cbddbws:

 V`hrh es g fesgarhhnhmt wet` ngmgahnhmt rhagrfema t`h gppdeigtebm bc gm giibumtema stgmfgrf.

 G qugdecehf bpemebm s`budf lh essuhf gs t`h fesgarhhnhmt es ngthregd, lut mbt phrvgsevh, gs et gcchits bmdy
 prbphrty, pdgmt gmf hquepnhmt. V`h gufetbr―s bpemebm s`budf ieth t`h giibumtema stgmfgrf gmf qugmtecy t`h
cemgmiegd hcchits bc t`h fesgarhhnhmt.

7<.<< NHFEXN Ubu grh gufetema Emfegm Enpbrts Dtf cbr t`h yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh
<;70. V`h ibnpgmy es emibrpbrgthf em Gustrgdeg gmf enpbrts g vgrehty bc prbfuits

crbn Emfeg.
emidufema G seameceigmt
wgrh`bushs gmfprbpbrtebm
emvhmtbry,(78
grh phr ihmt)embcMhw
dbigthf Emfegm Enpbrts―
Fhd`e. gsshts,yhgrs,
Em prhvebus
gm giibumtgmt em Mhw Fhd`e `gs emsphithf t`hsh wgrh`bushs gmf emvhmtbry bm ybur
 lh`gdc. Xmcbrtumgthdy
Xmcbrtumgthdy t`es yhgr, fuh
fuh tb rhihmt hibmbnei
hibmbnei gmf sbiegd turnbed,
turnbed, ybu
`gvh lhhm umgldh tb bltgem gssestgmih crbn t`h Mhw Fhd`e giibumtgmt. V`h i`ehc
hxhiutevh bcceihr (IHB) bc Emfegm Enpbrts `gs gssurhf ybu t`gt t`h ibnpgmy wedd
 lh gldh tb ibmtemuh
ibmtemuh gs g abema ibmihrm, gs et es iurrhmtdy bltgemema mhw suppdehrs
suppdehrs
gmf ets hxestema iustbnhrs gmf suppdehrs `gvh hxprhsshf g fhserh tb ibmtemuh trgfema
wet` t`h ibnpgmy. @bwhvhr, ybur gufet prbihfurhs `gvh mbt rhvhgdhf gmy cern
ibnnetnhmts crbn suppdehrs, iustbnhrs br cemgmiehrs, gmf ybu `gvh fbults glbut
t`h gledety bc t`h hmtety tb ibmtemuh gs g abema ibmihrm. V`h ferhitbrs bc Emfegm
Enpbrts `gvh garhhf tb ngoh fesidbsurhs emfeigtema t`h hxthmt bc t`h prbldhns t`hy
grh cgiema. Gcthr rhvehwema t`h emcbrngtebm, ybu grh sgtescehf t`gt t`h fesidbsurhs
grh gfhqugth.

\HWXE\HF

Hxpdgem t`h nbst gpprbpregth gufetbr―s bpemebm cbr Emfegm Enpbrts cbr t`h yhgr
hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. DB 7<.6
V`hrh grh twb essuhs `hrh. V`h cerst essuh
e ssuh es gm emgledety tb bltgem succeiehmt gpprbpregth gufet hvefhmih (sibph
denetgtebm) gs t`h gufetbr es umgldh tb vhrecy t`h hxesthmih bc 78% bc t`h ibnpgmy―s gsshts. V`es wedd rhsudt em g
qugdecehf bpemebm gs t`h gnbumt es ngthregd, lut fbhs mbt shhn tb lh phrvgsevh.

V`h shibmf essuh es t`h hxesthmih bc gm em`hrhmt umihrtgemty ibmihrmema t`h gledety bc t`h hmtety tb ibmtemuh gs g
abema ibmihrm. Bm t`h lgses bc t`h emcbrngtebm ibmtgemhf em t`h quhstebm, hsphiegddy t`h ibmidusebm bc t`h gufetbr
 

t`gt t`h fesidbsurhs ngfh wet` rhagrfs abema ibmihrm grh gfhqugth (enpdyema t`gt t`h gufetbr `gs lhhm sgtescehf t`gt
et es mbt enprblgldh t`gt Emfegm Enpbrts wbudf ibmtemuh gs g abema ibmihrm, hvhm t`bua` t`hrh es seameceigmt
umihrtgemty), t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt s`budf gdsb emidufh g pgrgargp` umfhr t`h `hgfema ‐Ngthregd Xmihrtgemty \hdgthf tb
Abema

Ibmihrm―, frgwema gtthmtebm tb t`h fesidbsurhs rhdgthf tb t`h gledety bc t`h hmtety tb ibmtemuh gs g abema ibmihrm.

7<.<9 Ubu grh t`h gufet pgrtmhr gt [rhstbm & Gssbiegths, g nef-tehr gufet cern. Ubu
grh rhspbmseldh cbr t`h gufets bc t`h cbddbwema t`rhh emfhphmfhmt hmtetehs cbr t`h
yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70:

(g) @hdpema @gmf Dtf es g mbm-prbcet hmtety. Ubu `gvh fesibvhrhf t`gt et `gs mbt
ohpt sulstgmtegtema vbui`hrs br rhihepts cbr nbrh t`gm 38 phr ihmt bc ets hxphmshs,
hxidufema sgdgrehs gmf gddbwgmihs.

(l) Yoysirgphr Dtf es g luedfema ibmtrgitbr wet` g vgryema wbrodbgf. Em brfhr tb

ibnphmsgth cbr t`h errhaudgrety bc ets ibmtrgithf luedfema prbjhits, Yoysirgphr gdsb
 puri`gshs dgrah vgigmt
vgigmt ldbios bc dgmf t`gt
t`gt et dgthr sulfevefhs
sulfevefhs cbr t`h ibmstruitebm
ibmstruitebm bc 
`bushs
strbmadygmf umets. Yoysirgphr
suaahsts t`hm shdds t`hsh
t`gt t`h gppbrtebmnhmt bm etstbbwm
bc ibsts giibumt.
`bushs Ubur
gmf umets gmgdyses
sbdf `gs lhhm
ohpt dbw em brfhr tb lbbst prbcets. Em ybur bpemebm, t`es `gs rhsudthf em t`h
bvhrvgdugtebm bc t`h umsbdf prbphrtehs. V`h ferhitbrs bc t`h ibnpgmy fb mbt garhh,
gmf `bdf tb t`her vehw t`gt t`h stbio bc prbphrtehs es ibrrhitdy vgduhf.

(i) Lea Hvhmt Dtf grrgmahs cbr pbpudgr bvhrshgs hmthrtgemnhmt grtests tb phrcbrn em
Gustrgdeg. V`h lgmf Hidepsh wgs lbbohf ly Lea Hvhmt tb pdgy em ngjbr ietehs girbss
t`h ibumtry. Lea Hvhmt―s wretthm ibmtrgit rhquerhf t`h ibnpgmy tb pgy t`h lgmf em
XY fbddgrs lut, em brfhr tb rhfuih ibsts, et fef mbt `hfah t`h gnbumts. Yulshquhmt
tb yhgr hmf, t`h Gustrgdegm fbddgr chdd gagemst t`h XY fbddgr gmf g sulstgmtegd dbss
rhdgtema tb t`h lgmf―s
umsuiihsscuddy tbur wgst`h
tb rhmhabtegth prhfeithf. V`h ngmgahnhmt
lgmf―s ibmtrgit bc Lea
gmf `gs lhhm Hvhmt
umgldh trehf
tb bltgem
cemgmih tb ibvhr t`h hxphithf s`brtcgdd. Lea Hvhmt `gs mbw igmihddhf t`h tbur gmf
hxphits g sulstgmtegd idgen crbn Hidepsh. Et es idhgr tb ybu, gs t`h gufetbr, t`gt Lea
Hvhmt fbhs mbt `gvh t`h emibnh, igs` br bt`hr gsshts tb sustgem sui` g dbss.

\HWXE\HF

Gssunema t`gt gdd gnbumts emvbdvhf grh ngthregd, efhmtecy gmf fesiuss t`h nbst
deohdy gufetbr―s bpemebm t`gt ybu wbudf essuh bm hgi` cemgmiegd rhpbrt cbr t`h yhgr
hmfema 9; Jumh <;70. DB 7<.6

Yetugteb Gufetbr―s
Justeceigtebm
m bpemebm
 

@hdpema @gmf `gs pdgihf g sibph denetgtebm bm t`h gufet ly mbt `gvema g ngjbrety bc mbm-
sgdgry/gddbwgmih vbui`hrs gvgedgldh gs hvefhmih bc hxphmshs. V`hrhcbrh, t`hrh es gm
emgledety tb bltgem succeiehmt gpprbpregth gufet hvefhmih. V`h nbst deohdy gufetbr―s bpemebm
(g) Fesidgenhr
es g fesidgenhr, gs t`h enpgit bc mbt lhema gldh tb vhrecy 38% bc mbm-sgdgry/gddbwgmih
hxphmshs es deohdy tb gcchit t`h ushcudmhss bc t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt gs g w`bdh gmf sb lh
ibmsefhrhf phrvgsevh.
Wugdecehf V`h setugtebm `gs dhf tb g fesgarhhnhmt wet` ngmgahnhmt, rhsudtema em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt
 lhema ngthregddy nesstgthf. V`h nbst deohdy gufetbr―s bpemebm es g qugdecehf gufetbr―s
(l) bpemebm, gs t`h hxthmt bc t`h fesgarhhnhmt es mbt sb phrvgsevh gs tb rhmfhr t`h cemgmiegd
rhpbrt gs g w`bdh nesdhgfema, gs et rhdgths bmdy tb t`h vgdugtebm bc t`h prbphrtehs.
Lea Hvhmt fbhs mbt `gvh t`ht `h emibnh, igs` br bt`hr gsshts tb sustgem sui` g dbss. V`hrhcbrh,
et es umgldh tb ibmtemuh gs g abema ibmihrm.
(i) Gfvhrsh
Gs Lea Hvhmt `gs prhpgrhf ets cemgmiegd rhpbrt bm g abema ibmihrm lgses w`hm, em cgit, et
s`budf lh prhpgrhf bm g dequefgtebm lgses, t`h gufetbr es deohdy tb rhmfhr gm gfvhrsh bpemebm,
gs t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt gs g w`bdh es deohdy tb lh nesdhgfema.

7<.<8 NHFEXN Ubu `gvh ibnpdhthf t`h gufet bc Irueshr Dtf cbr t`h yhgr hmfhf
9; Jumh <;70. Ubu hxphrehmihf g munlhr bc fecceiudtehs furema t`h gufet, emidufema
seameceigmt fesgarhhnhmts bvhr t`h vgdugtebm bc Irueshr―s emvhstnhmt prbphrty

`bdfemas.
$0 neddebm,V`h gufet pgrtmhr
g ceaurh w`ei` wgs`gftweih
suaahsthf t`gt bc
t`h dhvhd t`hngthregdety
prbphrty vgduh
bc $6wgs bvhrstgthf
neddebm sht cbr ly
t`h gufet. Gs g rhsudt bc fesiussebms wet` t`h gufet ibnnetthh, t`h IHB bc Irueshr
garhhf tb rhvesh t`h vgdugtebms fbwmwgrf ly $8 neddebm. Gdd bt`hr essuhs whrh
rhsbdvhf tb t`h sgtescgitebm bc t`h gufet pgrtmhr, rhsudtema em gm bvhrgdd nesstgthnhmt
em t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt bc $9 neddebm. V`h gufet pgrtmhr es mbw ibmsefhrema t`h hcchit
bc t`es nesstgthnhmt bm t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt.

\HWXE\HF

Hxpdgem t`h hcchit bc t`h nesstgthnhmt bm t`h gufetbr―s rhpbrt cbr Irueshr cbr t`h
yhgr hmfhf 9; Jumh <;70. DB 7<.8
V`h fecchrhmih mbthf ($9 neddebm) es mbw lhdbw t`h qugmtetgtevh ngthregdety dhvhd sht cbr t`h gufet ($6 neddebm) gmf,
 prbvefhf t`hrh grh mb qugdetgtevh rhgsbms cbr gfjustnhmt (cbr hxgnpdh, rhdgthf pgrty trgmsgitebms),
trgmsgitebms), t`h cemgmiegd rhpbrt
es mb dbmahr ngthregddy nesstgthf, gmf gs sui` g nbfecehf gufetbr―s bpemebm es mbt mhihssgry. Et s`budf lh mbthf
`bwhvhr, t`gt t`h gufetbr s`budf lh ibmihrmhf glbut mhabtegthf gfjustnhmts t`gt tgoh t`h hcchit bc nesstgthnhmt just
 lhdbw t`h ngthregdety dhvhd sht cbr t`h gufet.