Electrobike

A Research

Presented to the Faculty

of Senior High School of

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

Mandaue City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

3I – Work Immersion

By:

Suzenne E. Belarmino Lucky Spike Pitogo

Ken E. Pascioles Dwight D. Wagas

 I

May 2022

APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled ELECTROBIKE prepared and submitted by Suzenne E.

Belarmino, Ken E. Pascioles, Lucky Spike Pitogo, Dwight D. Wagas in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the 3I – Work Immersion has been examined and recommended for
acceptance and approval for Oral Examination.

RESEARCH COMMITTEE

STELLA MARIE T. NERI

Adviser

MARLON P. RICO ANTHEA LEIGH ILLUT

Member Member

GIOVANNI C. ROXAS
Chairman

PANEL EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of.

STELLA MARIE T. NERI

Adviser

MARLON P. RICO ANTHEA LEIGH ILLUT

Member Member

GIOVANNI C. ROXAS
Chairman

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements in 3I – Work

Immersion

Date of Oral Examination :

SEVERINA B. CHIN, Ed..D.
Principal
 II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers' investigatory project and research paper could not

have been completed without the assistance of the individuals mentioned.

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt appreciation to the

following:

Ms. Stella Marie T. Neri, research adviser, for facilitating the

researchers' work and giving crucial guidance throughout the project. Her

dynamism, vision, genuineness, and inspiration have inspired us

enormously.

Sir Giovanni Roxas, Ms. Anthea Illut, and Sir Marlon Rico for

serving as panelists and providing feedback and comments on our study

paper.

The researchers owe their love, support, prayers, care, and sacrifices

to their family for helping us to learn and prepare for the future.

Finally, praise and appreciation to God, the Almighty, for showering

His blessings on the researchers during their investigation, allowing them to

successfully complete the project.

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ABSTRACT

Title Research  :     Electrobike

Researchers      :     Dwight Wagas, Ken E. Pascioles, Lucky Spike 

Pitogo, Suzenne E. Belarmino

Strand               :     STEM

School               :     University of Cebu – Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

Adviser             :     Ms. Stella Marie T. Neri

Date Completed   :     May 2022

It is no feat to know that almost the whole population of the world is

in need of electricity for this has been an essential for daily living. Thus,

there have been a lot of various sources for electric generation popping out

everywhere such as utilizing bicycles as the source of electricity. This study

aims to focus on that matter, utilizing the mechanical energy coming from
 IV

the bicycle to be able to generate electrical energy. In turn, researchers came

up with the product “electrobike” which is basically composed of two words

electricity and bicycle. To test the hypothesis that utilizing bicycles would

result in generation of electricity, a pilot testing has been done. Three trials,

wherein the biker would ride and travel at three different distances while the

volts being produced are noted, were done. Upon analyzing the data, there is

a relation between the speed and volts being produced. The study concluded

that the faster the biker would pedal, the larger the volts being produced.

Keywords : Electrical Energy, Mechanical Energy, Bicycle, Wheels, 

Electrical Generation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Table of Contents vi

List of Tables and Figures ix

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations x

Chapter
 VI

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Theoretical Background

Review of Related Literature

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

Statement of the Null Hypothesis

Significance of the Study

Scope and limitations

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Research Environment

Materials and Equipment

Costs and Expenses

Product Design (Internal and External)

Procedures in Creating the Product

Experimental Design
 VII

DEFINITION OF TERMS

2 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

3 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

Findings

Conclusion

Recommendations

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A – Product Making Documentation

APPENDIX B – Product Testing Documentation

APPENDIX C – Location Map

APPENDIX D – Product Testing Results

CURRICULUM VITAE
VIII
 IX

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table Title Page

1 Materials/Expenses

2 Trial 1

3 Trial 2

4 Trial 3
 X

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride

EMF – Electromotive Force

ADDIE – Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation

MAGLEV – Magnetic Levitation

MTB – Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

MSMA – Magnetically controlled Shape-Memory Alloys

MEMS – Micro-Electromechanical Systems

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NdFeB - Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets

EH – Energy Harvesting

TENG – Triboelectric Nanogenerators

PG – Piezoelectric Generators

DC – Direct Current

MIS – Magnet Induction Spectroscopy

AC – Alternating Current
 1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

People have developed a dependency on electricity over time,

transforming it into a necessity. It quickly became one of the world's most

pressing worries, and finding an alternative source of energy became a

difficult task. Alternative energy sources such as wind, water surges,

magnets, and other sources are currently being developed. As a result, the

goal of this research is to generate power from a moving bicycle. This would

assist people, particularly senior highschool cyclists, in being able to

generate electricity while exercising.

Bicycle, commonly known as a bike, is a two-wheeled steerable

machine propelled by the rider's feet. The wheels on a normal bicycle are

mounted in line in a metal frame, with the front wheel kept in place by a

rotating fork. There are many citizens who practices and use bike as
 2

alternative way of transportation rather than a Car and Commuting. With the

accessibility and flexible in terms of space and It is a way of an exercise as

well. As stated above, Electricity Has been an urged necessity that is needed

in every household. With this the researchers will be formulating a product

called Electrobike, in which you may able to use it in a way of transportation

while creating an electricity power as well, with the use of the concept

mechanical energy converted to electrical energy.

On A Worldwide perspective, there is a study conducted by Patowary

et al. (2016), Their study is attempting to generate power at low levels by

pedaling a bicycle. The generator attached to the cycle pedal can be used to

convert mechanical energy from the pedal to electrical energy. They used an

inverter to convert the dc power to ac power in order to run appliances. The

dynamo or generator's output is proportional to its speed. This will be a great

basis on how mechanical mechanism converts electrical energy just by

pedaling a bicycle.

Shifting on an international scale, A product has been formulated that

produces electricity through pedaling without the usage of a bicycle. The

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machine is driven by the operator, who uses a bicycle pedal to run the

machine. The power is transferred to the hacksaw frame by the slider crank

mechanism, which causes the hacksaw to reciprocate, cutting the PVC pipes

and wood (Enebe et al., 2021). With the concept of Pedals, mechanical to

electrical conversion is being used once more. It is not, however, a type of

ride or a bicycle; rather, it is a type of tool that is a decent substitute for a

hacksaw. Their product is capable of generating electricity, but only in direct

proportion to the hacksaw. Rather than a powerbank, the electricity is

transferred to the tool. It would be an excellent resource for learning how

circular movements like pedaling may generate electricity.

In correlation to the international scale, specifically in South Africa,

Africa. A study has been conducted that still uses the form of pedaling as a

source of electrical energy but not as a form of a riding tool hence a machine

that helps in washing. The study was formulated by Mushiri, Mugova, and

Mbowha (2017), in which pedals are used to start a washing machine. It is a

motionless based product, meaning it does not move. Pedaling is one of the

important principles; the use of a sprocket and a dynamo to convert the

pedal's movement speed into electricity gives the option for washing to be
 4

developed and powered by human power rather than electricity from a

corporation.

And on a national perspective, A study by Guia et al. (2020),

developed a bike that actually generates electricity through the manner of

pedaling. Although the bicycle can be moved, the dynamo is attached to the

pedal. However, the researchers' investigation, Dynamo is based on the

wheels. Still, using a moving bicycle to convert mechanical energy to

electrical energy would be a great application for the study.

Bicycle is becoming a trend nowadays because of its environmental

friendly mode of transportation. Unlike cars and motorcycle exhaust and

emitting a high value of unused fuel (hydrocarbons) which are one of the

major contributions in smog formations which greatly affects the climate of

the world and causes climate change. According to Ge, Friedrich, and Vigna

(2020), energy consumption is by far the largest source of human-caused

greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 76% of worldwide effusion. The

energy sector includes transportation, heat and power, structures,

construction and manufacturing, industrial discharges, and biomass burning.

 5

Renewable energy emits no or little greenhouse gas emissions, which can

contribute to global warming. Hence, the use of bicycle is a great innovation

on the less emission on the hydrocarbons, Nevertheless creating another

product that is also converting electricity that is also eco friendly is a 2 in 1

product that not only saves and sustain the life of the mother earth, But also

creates alternative for both transportation and electricity. The study will be

conducted at the University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue since the

university has instructors who will help the researchers and has a place to

test the product that has been formulated.

The main objective of this study is to generate electrical energy using

the concept of mechanical energy to electrical energy that is attached to a

bicycle’s wheel in order to provide a backup power supply for Senior High

School students In the University Of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Who

knows how to ride a bicycle. The outcomes of this study can be regarded as

acceptable and appropriate for use in developing an alternative source of

power based on electromagnetism induction and mechanical to electrical

energy conversion.
 6

Theoritical Background

This area of the study will discuss the theories that aided the

researchers in formulating the process of conversion placed into electrobike.

Stated in this part of the research shall justify the feasibility of the study,

theoretically speaking. It includes the theories that cater the factors that

affect the product’s undertakings and components. Alternative energy

sources have been developed over the years, whether they are based on fossil

fuels, wind, hydro pumps, or even solar. However, as the economy grows, so

does the demand for electricity. As a result, finding a new source will

improve the country's economic condition in terms of electricity usage. This

research requires narrowing and strengthening of the possibilities of

mechanical to electrical conversion allowing the works of electromagnetism

in theories and laws. In this study, Faraday’s law by Michael Faraday and

Piezoelectric theory by Pierre Curie.

Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction (also known as Faraday's

law) is an electromagnetism fundamental law that predicts how a magnetic

field interacts with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force

(EMF) (Ellingson, 2018). The operating principle of transformers, motors,

 7

generators, and inductors is explained by Faraday's law of induction. Given

this information, it thoroughly applies within our scope of product assertion.

Electrobike utilizes electromagnetic induction in its’ tangible form,

“dynamo.” Dynamo consists of a stationary magnet (stator) that generates a

strong magnetic field and a spinning magnet (rotor) that distorts and cuts

through the stator's magnetic lines of flux. When the rotor cuts through

magnetic flux lines, electricity is produced.

To provide reliable evidence that Faraday's Law works, studies and

literature will be used to aid the structure of the law and provide support for

it. Firstly, The teaching aids developed in this research were for the purpose

of learning Faraday’s Law. The method used in this research is the ADDIE

model which equates to each step of the model, Analysis, Design,

Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. In investigating the said

instrumentation, different number of turns of the coil and the releasing of

magnet were done. After, the induced emf or the voltage produced is

recorded. With the various turns of coil ran, each test gave different induced

emf and will come into conclusion of Faraday’s Law existence which is

voltage production around the magnetic environment of coil. Thus,

 8

Faraday’s Law teaching aids have presented the voltage created with varying

number of coils and the falling magnet and is proven to be effective in

teaching Faraday’s Law (Andrianto et al., 2021).

Moreover, The paper of Bera and Maiti (2020) revolves around the

design of a budget-friendly Magnet Induction Spectroscopy (MIS)

Instrumentation. Apart from the design, they also discussed its development

and tested the instrumentation. The feedback of the secondary voltage’s

frequency was also looked upon. The Faraday’s Law was applied in this

instrumentation for they used two coplanar circular windings in the cross-

sectional area and the voltage around the secondary winding developed due

to Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction concept.

Furthermore, According to the study of Boldea (2017), machines

propagated from the idea of Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction.

Back then, it was a bunch of electric and magnetic circuits with the

responsibility of transforming mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice

versa until it developed into what is in sight now. His study revolved around

the progress of electric generators, how these functioned, and in what way
 9

were they utilized in particular machines. This study is an evidence of

Faraday’s Law which enabled inventors to create these innovations for these

machines uses generators to function which perform on the concept of

electromagnetic induction. Citing some creations in his study which he

described in great detail, the synchronous 3 phase generators used in AC

systems which high power systems use and the linear electric motor

propulsion applied in MAGLEVs.

Additionally, According to the study formulated by Smit et al. (2018),

MTBs have the rare ability to produce magnetic particles wrapped in a

biomembrane, generating the magnetosome organelle. As a result, MTB has

unique physical and magnetic properties and has been used in a variety of

biotechnological applications. This research shows that electromagnetic

induction can be achieved utilizing magnetosomes or magnetotactic bacteria

in an experimental setup based on Faraday's law. The idea of employing

these bacteria or their biomineralized magnetic nanoparticles as a biological

alternative in low-voltage electricity generation could be researched and

developed further.
 10

Also, As the induced electric field grows stronger, it exerts an electric

force on the object. The magnetic force is eventually balanced by mobile

charge carriers. The balancing condition allows us to determine the electric

field's strength, that the rod's movement effectively generates (Muller &

Coyne, 2020). The study mainly focuses on the concepts in which the

electrons of the current produces a new flux or new form of magnetic fields

that creates a stronger electrical energy, Clearly stating the framework of

Faraday’s Law.

Even more, A bias field perpendicular to the specimen's

magnetization axis is created by two permanent magnets positioned at the

top and bottom of the beam. Due to the ferritic variant reorientation process,

when vibrating the device, a longitudinal axial load is applied to the MSMA,

which alters the magnetization. According to Faraday's law, a pick-up coil

looped around the MSMA turns this variation into voltage (Farsangi et al.,

2017).

And lastly, The research that was conducted by Kumar, Balpande, and

Anjankar (2016), offers the design and analysis of a MEMS-based

 11

electromagnetic energy harvester. The energy harvester is designed to

extract energy from environmental vibrations with a frequency of less than

100 Hz. The design would include a cantilever, which is the most basic

MEMS structure and may also be used to power amplifiers. Low amplitude

and low frequency vibration signals can be amplified with these amplifiers.

The goal of this project is to look into the possibility of harvesting energy in

the form of generated voltage by capturing vibrations induced by live loads

on bridges, such as heavy Lorries and Buses. The foundation notion used to

create the cantilever beam simulated with dimensions of 2500x500 m is

Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Because the material plays such

an important role in sensitivity, NdFeB was chosen as the magnetic material

and Aluminum as the conducting coil electrode material.

This is not mainly supported by the Faraday’s Law itself, perhaps a

theory by Pierre Curie which is the Piezoelectric Theory is also used as a

theory to be used in the study. According to Smith and Narayan (2020),

Piezoelectric theory is a theory formulated by Pierre Curie in which

Piezoelectric materials have the ability to directly convert electrical and

 12

mechanical energy, making them ideal for use in sensors, actuators, and

energy harvesting (EH) devices, among other applications. In short terms,

when you strike a hammer on a single Piezoelectric materials, an electric

field has been produced, causing the strength of striking is converted to

power. It correlates to our study in a way that, how faster or stronger you

strike affects the production of electricity, same goes on how faster you

pedal affects the electricity produced.

To give structural and concrete reasoning on how Piezoelectric

Theory works, here are some studies that relates to the theory stated above.

Firstly, The paper by Ebrahimi and Beni (2016), they assess and formulated

a product in which a piezoelectric material is being used as an electricity

with the power of sound waves. It has been proven that the stronger the

sound wave vibrates it also proportionally affected the amount of electricity

produced by their product. It would be a great basis for the researcher’s

investigation since, mechanical energy are also used in this concept.

In correlation, A study experimented by Noh (2018), He also uses the

sound waves as the mechanical energy tool to produce electrical power.

 13

However his study is much more complex, he uses the sound waves from a

running train and connected the Piezoelectric material to the railways. With

this in every train passing through the area in which the material is

connected with, various amounts of electricity has been produced as well.

With this, the pressure of the train also helps in accumulating power by

transferring mechanical energy to the Piezoelectric material.

In similar fashion, their is a similarities on the product formulated by

a study in which instead of sound waves as the main focus of mechanical

energy on how depth it can affects the production of electrical field in a

Piezoelectric Material. It uses a tectonic waves/ earthquake waves as the

source of production of electrical power (Su, Kotian & Lu, 2018).

Earthquake is an mechanical energy produces by nature, hence it is still a

good basis in accordance to the conversion of electrical from mechanical

energy.

Additionally, a product has been formulated called the Piezoelectric

Nanocomposite generator. It is a stretchable tool that consists of a

piezoelectric material, whenever you stretch it, both the material and the
 14

strength of the squeezing will be interacting which causes it to produce

electrical energy (Park et al., 2016). It is an ideal concept in which

mechanical energy and electrical energy conversion has been used. By the

strength of squeezing affects the production of electrical power.

In addition, an investigation on the same concept in which a tool that

is stretchable and depends on how stronger you squeeze it provides electrical

energy. The only difference is that it uses a III-Nitride element as an

Piezoelectric Material (Chen et al., 2018). The product still focuses on the

concept of mechanical energy to electrical energy, however it uses the form

of striking and yet it greatly affects the entity on the production of electrical

power.

Moreover, The study created by Ahmed et al. (2020), states that the

two most common ways for harvesting ambient mechanical energy that is

pervasive in our daily lives are triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and

piezoelectric generators (PGs). The fundamental distinction between the two

generators is their functioning frequency ranges. This only assured that in

every solidity and speed of a person running also affects the overall
 15

production of TENGs and PGs. It would be a good concept to be used as a

support to mechanical and electrical energy conversion.

Following this, an hybrid Thermoelectric Piezoelectric material has

been proposed in which, Temperature and Mechanical energy Has a great

affects in producing electrical energy. In consonance with the study, it has

been proven that when a mechanical energy moves faster, the temperature

goes higher as well, which means both concepts are directly proportional to

each other (Montgomery, Hewitt & Caroll, 2016). It would be a supporting

detail in which mechanical also creates pressure on the temperature and

highly affects the production of electricity.

Also, a study made by Nia et al. (2017), they have proved that

Piezoelectric material creates a value of electricity through mechanical

energy. They used the concept of kinetic energy, which is part of a

mechanical energy. The product consist of a Piezoelectric floors and when

people starts walking on it it creates various amounts of electricity. The

amount of electricity generated will be varying or depends on how strong the

people walk on the product. It correlates to the theory the difference only is
 16

that the theory uses the concept of striking rather than stomping. However

both uses the same concept on creating electricity.

Furthermore, according to Safaei, Sodano, Anton (2019),

Piezoelectric transducers have been extensively investigated for generating

power from vibration energy sources due to their intrinsic electromechanical

coupling and high power density when compared to electromagnetic and

electrostatic transducers. They have proven that in every Piezoelectric

material, electric fields and current may be occuring due to the strength

produce by the mechanical energy to the material.

Finally, a study conducted by Basari et al. (2016), Using a round

piezoelectric ceramic as the energy converter, their research proposes a new

design of an impact mode piezoelectric power generator that can function

over a wide frequency spectrum. The evaluation results reveal that using a

so-called indirect impact configuration can improve the output of the power

generator. It has been proven as well in their investigation in which, they

were able to collect mechanical energy through a moving vehicle.

 17

To sum up, Both Faraday’s law and Piezoelectric Theory is a concrete

theory and law to provide evidences that mechanical energy could create

electrical energy with the concept of electromagnetic induction.

Electromagnetic induction in a way that a dynamo conserves and transforms

mechanical energy to an electrical energy. With that both concepts are

discussed in both theory, which helps the structure of the study to be more

credible and predictable.

Review of Related Literature

This chapter contains literature and studies related to the research. It

presents important variables, found in the various studies, that will help

justify what the study aims. This chapter contributes to the study providing

proven evidence or statements in the form of literature and studies.

Moreover, it will raise knowledge to the researchers and future readers. And

most importantly, it helps aid the purpose of this study.

Bicycles for the Generation of Electricity

 18

Kicking off with the products itself for better construction of the

current study’s product is what is about to be presented. The following

studies shows that bicycles could be utilized for generation of electricity

which means that their common denominator is the pedaled bicycle to be an

aid for the production of electricity. Apparently, every researchers’ studies

found that their products were working.

To start off, the paper of Guia et al (2020) has shown how the

mechanical energy of a pedaled bike would produce electrical energy. This

was used in rural areas to supply energy to the household by using stationary

bikes that are used during cardio workouts. In this study, the DC brushless

motor stood as a generator. Also, discussed in this paper is how health is

improved in this generation of electricity.

Furthermore, there is a study in India that revolves around the

production of electricity with the use of bicycles. It was a study by Bhabad

et al (2021) entitled “Bicycle Power Generator”. From the title of the study

itself, the product generates electricity with the aid of a bicycle. The study
 19

rose from the continuous power cuts in India and trying to find a solution

that are available even to the lower level of the socioeconomic class. With

this study, the existing concept of bicycle as a means of electricity

production would be known and will be widely used.

Connected with each study, provided by Prabowo et al (2018) was a

study focusing on an alternative renewable energy. Aside from the energy

being environmentally friendly, this would be a great solution for the high

human necessity for electricity. Like the other generators, this produces

electricity but here it uses the pedaled bicycle to produce the mechanical

energy that could be transformed into electrical energy by utilizing a

generator. The study concluded that 14 people using the static bike would

generate 594 joules.

Also, this paper by Jagtap et al (2017) concentrated on two purposes

that the rotary motion of bicycles could provide to the people’s needs. The

two are drainage systems and electricity. Here, the pedaled bike as a means

of electricity could relate to the current study. The researchers shared that
 20

this mode of electricity generation is renewable and is preferable for clean

power generation. Adding to that, this mode of electric generation is eco-

friendly as stated with the other studies. The researchers also provided what

products could be utilized in production of the electricity such as dynamo

and alternator.

Other Products for Generation of Electricity

Fairly saying, there aren’t just bicycles that are used for generation of

electricity. There are other things aside from bicycles, clearly, and the

following are those. Also, the same with the concept of bicycle, what is

being converted in these studies are mechanical energy to electrical energy.

Upon reading, what is noticed are both studies having an electrical machine

to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy which is needed.

First study in this section is the research of Todkar et al (2017), it is

another example of a product that transforms mechanical energy into

electrical energy. The paper focused mostly on the wind turbine history and

its type rather than constructing one. It provided an overview of how the
 21

wind turbines work, its types, disadvantages and advantages. Though it has

types, the wind turbines share a common denominator, the ability to collect

the mechanical energy of the rotating wind turbine’s blades then rotor

gathers this energy. The rotor is connected to the main shaft resulting in the

generator being spun thus creating electricity. This research is another

evidence that mechanical energy could be used for production of electricity.

Adding to that, the hydro power plants by Tkac (2018) provides

readers with another product that shows that transformation of mechanical

energy to electrical energy does exist. It has been known that the leading

alternative source of green energy generation is still the hydro power sector.

Also, in this paper, rather than focusing the spotlight on the construction of

the product, it brings forth the overview of what a hydropower plant is, and

its types. Furthermore, the paper enlightens what a hydropower plant is and

the way it works. This study is evidence that mechanical energy could be a

source of electrical energy. In here, accumulated mechanical energy of a

falling water would cause the connected turbine’s blades to rotate

continuously and in turn, spin the generator which produces electricity.

 22

Concept of Electromagnetic Induction

To have a wider view on the current study, these resources are read to

deeply understand the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy.

The current study’s product is utilizing electrical generators which are under

electrical machines. Electrical machines are used to convert these energies

so having to understand what the researchers are working on, one must be

acquainted with the studies of Kinsler (2020) and Ellingson (2019).

Beginning this part with a rather known theory, according to Kinsler

(2020), Faraday's law is a good composition in which magnets induction

creates electricity, to provide more tangible evidence in which magnets

induction can create electricity. Faraday's law asserts that magnets may

generate an electromotive force (EMF), which is a force released by the

induction of two magnetic fields and explains how magnets create electrical

energy.

Carrying on, according to the book written by the author Ellingson

(2019), stated a theory that covers electromagnetism. It is denominated as

 23

Electromagnetic theory in which it articulates the concept of

“magnetostatics”. This certain phenomenon happens when two magnets

create a balanced and stable current of magnetization, and those magnetic

fields are composed of electrons scattered around the field. According to this

theory, the electrons cause the magnets to create electrical energy by

induction.

How electrical machines work

With all the resources put forward, the last two studies are laid to

further recognize how dynamos, which are used in the current study’s

product, or electrical machines to be general. This would help the researcher

to maneuver what machine would be great for conversion of energies or if it

will suffice or not enough.

Contributing to the agenda, the book of Boldea and Tutelea (2019)

discusses the variable speed generator existing on renewable energy

applications everywhere, one can even say globally. There were various

designs that were presented to better picture out the idea of the book. The
 24

book stated that electric machines, aside from other functionalities, also

provide transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy thus,

generation of power. Understanding how these works would be great for the

researchers of the current study as electric generators are under electric

machines. Electric generators are helpful to the product that is about to be

made.

Last but assuring that is precisely valuable, Chakole et al (2019) of a

paper running around the topic of electrical generators, specifically dynamo

is a related study that could surely aid the researchers of the current study.

The paper consists of electricity necessity in certain communities and its

solution which is definitely power generation. This is where the discussion

of dynamo is being expounded as it is one of the electrical tools that is great

for these works. For the main reason of this is, dynamos are known to be

used to convert mechanical to electrical energy. Also, the paper deeply

explained the work of the dynamos and how it could generate electricity.
 25

The literature stated will provide concrete concepts that will help in

forming the structure of the study. It will also serve as a guide on how the

researchers will formulate the possible outcome of the study. Moreover, not

only will this chapter raise knowledge on the researchers but to the study’s

future readers as well. Grasping knowledge at this part of the paper may

either be on initial basis or at thorough extent, both depending on the

reader’s perspective.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the problem

The primary objective of this study is to see if there is any electrical

energy produced by a running bike from a wheel as a source of a back-up

electricity to Senior High School students in University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu

and Mandaue. The outcome of this inquiry will determine whether the

product is a viable alternative source of electricity for senior high school

students who has a hobby or loves biking.

 26

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following specific questions:

1. What is the minimum volts can the Electrobike produce while biking in

various directions? in terms of:

0.5km

1km

1.5km

2. What is the maximum volts can the Electrobike produce while biking in

various directions? in terms of:

0.5km

1km

1.5km

3. Is their a relation in the volts produced by an electrobike to its speed?

Statement of the Null Hypothesis

 27

The following hypothesis will be tested at a significance level (a

level) of 0.05.

H01. There is no significant difference in the minimum volts that an

Electrobike produce while biking in various directions :

A. 0.5km

B. 1km

C. 1.5km

H02. There is no significant difference in the maximum volts that an

Electrobike produce while biking in various directions :

A. 0.5km

B. 1km

C. 1.5km

H03. There is no significant difference in the volts produced by an

electrobike to its speed.

Significance of the Study

The damaging effects of global warming are visible throughout the

globe today. Generating electricity without harming the environment is one

 28

of the things that could help resolve this global issue. In contrast, this

research will use a bicycle as a source to create electricity and is beneficial

to the following:

To the students, The product could be used by students for alternative

electrical energy that can be used by charging their phones, power banks,

etc. To generate electricity from the product, it is needed to ride it. Students

can be a source of exercise using the product and can be a mode of

transportation for them.

To the administrators, The final product might be polished for wider

usage and used by the administrators for future planning. This might provide

them with fresh insight into how the product works and, as a result, allow

them to make changes to the product to make it better.

To the community, This is an innovation that is greatly helpful for the

community. This could be alternative energy, especially for those who

experience a series of blackouts in their community. This product can be

used by every household to supply them with appliances with small

consumptions of electrical energy.

To the environment, Unlike other sources of electricity, the product

does not use fossil fuels as a source of energy, which is harmful to the
 29

environment. Fossil fuels, which are the primary cause of global warming,

are a significant factor in climate change.

Scope and Limitations

The main objective of this study is to generate electricity by using a

bicycle. The product of the study will be made at the University of Cebu -

Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue. In this study, the researchers will focus on the

mechanical energy produced by the bicycle to be a source of electrical

energy which in turn could be used by the rider. To determine the

functionality of the product, a pilot testing must be done by the researchers.

The bicycle was tested by riding on it and traveling at various distances. In

turn, the researchers recorded the volts being produced at three different

distances. These trials prompted the researchers to gain knowledge on the

minimum and maximum volts being generated during the courses. Other

than these data, the time and speed along the track were also taken care of.

All throughout the pilot testing, various knowledge was added to the

researchers because of the data being gathered. This testing as well gave rise

to conclusions on the functionality of the product.

 30

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research design

In this quantitative study, the research design to be used is an

experimental design. The main focus of this quantitative study design is to

gather data on the product to be made based on its constant and measured

sets. To further discuss, the electrical energy being produced by the

Electrobike are what this research design would aim to measure. This design

would stick to the facts defined by the gathered data of the researchers thus,

making the study prevent any prejudices. Adding to the research design, this

study would use surveys on a group of research subjects for its research

method.

Research Environment

The researchers decided upon a setting to conduct the study and it is

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus located along A.C.

Cortes Avenue in Mandaue City. The school could provide the researchers a
 31

place for the product making and the papermaking. Also, the data gathering

and the testing would be taken from the location around Guiwanon,

Compostela, Cebu. The researchers settled with this place upon observing

the constant electrical outage in the said city where the product would be

suitable to be used.

Equipment and Materials

Materials Quantity Price

Dynamo 1 piece 250 pesos

Bicycle 1 piece Recycled

Steel Flat Bar ¼ of a piece 150 pesos per piece.

 32

(needed to buy the whole

piece)

Cable Ties 1 pack (10 pieces) 75 pesos

Light Bulb 1 piece 120 pesos

Light Bulb Socket 1 piece 35 pesos

Electrical Wires 3 meters 20 pesos per meters

Total: 60 peses
 33

Epoxy 1 piece 60 pesos

Rubber  1 meter 35 pesos

Wood 1 piece Recycled

Total Expenses: 745 pesos

The equipment to be used in the product making are multimeter and

welding machine. The multimeter is used to measure the electricity produced

by the product. The tools to be includes wire stripper, cutter knives, steel

saw, wrench, etc.

 34

Product Design

Internal Design

External Design
 35

Schematic Diagram

Procedures

The following procedures will be used to make the product.

 36

1. Prepare the materials and tools needed to have a nice flow in creating the
product.

2. Get the ceiling fan which has the AC motor in it and stick it to the steel
bar prepared using an EPOXY, a material used in sticking two objects
together.

3. After, another steel bar is used to create an L-shaped steel bar.

4. Next, the L-shaped steel bar is placed in a piece of wood and it is attached
well.

5. The piece of wood is placed at the back body of the bike using rubber
from the interior of the wheel of a bike.

6. The Ceiling fan is placed above the back wheel of the bike so that it will
spin together with the wheel.

7. The wires of the ceiling fan will be attached to the light bulb to test the
product.

8. In measuring the voltage produced by the product, the red and black wires
of the voltmeter are placed between the wires of the light bulb and to the
wires of the ceiling where the output voltage will go.

Experimental Design

An experimental research design will be used in this quantitative

study. This research aims to produce electrical energy by the use of

mechanical energy produced by the use of a pedaled bicycle. It also aims to

improve the healthy lifestyle of the bikers because by pedaling the bicycle, it

will also provide the user a time to exercise and enhance their health. The

relationship of the variables, such as independent and dependent variables, is

used in experimental study design, which is also known as actual

 37

experimentation. It will help us identify the possible factors affecting the

variables.

The independent variables in an experimental study are manipulated

to see how the dependent variable affects the outcome. The study's

independent variable, mechanical energy, will be modified to determine

specific outcomes for the dependent variable. Mechanical energy as the

source of electrical energy is the dependent variable of the study. The

researchers will be conducting experiments to test if the product is a good

source of electrical energy. Upon experimenting, the researchers will be able

to identify the volts the product can produce. The data from the experiment

conducted will be used and recorded to be analyzed and will be able to

answer the research problem of the study.

Pilot Testing

Testing is done by riding the bike in a various speed and direction.

The following trials will determine the values of volts, the time accumulated

while riding and the speed of the bike.

Trial 1

Volts Produced
 38

Distance Time Speed

Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 39 V 48 V 8 mins and 6 secs 1.03 m/s

1 km 41 V 49 V 14 mins and 49 secs 1.12 m/s

1.5 km 38 V 47 V 22 mins and 27 secs 1.11 m/s

Trial 2

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 44 V 50 V 7 mins and 26 secs 1.12 m/s

1 km 42 V 51 V 12 mins and 17 secs 1.36 m/s

1.5 km 40 V 53 V 19 mins and 43 secs 1.27 m/s

Trial 3

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 48 V 54 V 6 mins and 11 secs 1.35 m/s

 39

1 km 45 V 56 V 10 mins and 38 secs 1.57 m/s

1.5 km 45 V 55 V 18 mins and 24 secs 1.36 m/s

Summary

In testing the product, the researchers attempted to bike the

electrobike at different paces. Three trials are done by the researchers and it

is been put in the three tables. The calculation made by the researchers in the

data is the speed of the bike. It is done by using the speed formula.

From the three trials, the volts produced by the electrobike are directly

proportional to how fast the bike is. The voltage does not vary to the

distance it traveled. Also, the minimum voltage produced is 38 V with a

speed of 1.03 m/s. And the maximum voltage produced is 56 V with a speed

of 1.57 m/s.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Piezoelectric- is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric

charge in response to applied mechanical stress.

 40

 Magnetosome organelle- The magnetosome is defined as an intracellular

organelle consisting of a single-magnetic-domain crystal of a magnetic

iron mineral enveloped by a lipid-bilayer membrane that contains

proteins that are unique to it.

 Nanocomposites - are a class of nanomaterials wherein one or more

phases at nano-sized dimension (zero dimension, one dimension, and

two dimensions) are embedded in a ceramic, metal, or polymer material.

 III-Nitride- are excellent wide band gap semiconductors very suitable for

modern electronic and optoelectronic applications.

 Thermoelectric- also called Peltier-Seebeck effect, direct conversion of

heat into electricity or electricity into heat through two related

mechanisms, the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect.

 Piezoelectric transducers - a type of electroacoustic transducer that

convert the electrical charges produced by some forms of solid materials

into energy.

 Triboelectric nanogenerator - is an energy harvesting device that

converts the external mechanical energy into electricity by a conjunction

of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction.

 41

 Thermoelectric power generator - any of a class of solid-state devices

that either convert heat directly into electricity or transform electrical

energy into thermal power for heating or cooling.

 Piezoelectric floor - generates electricity through the deformation of the

material under a load. Due to the high foot traffic of the campus center

throughout the weekday, the energy harvested potential and energy

awareness can be recognized.

 Intrinsic electromechanical coupling - is an indicator of the

effectiveness with which a piezoelectric material converts electrical

energy into mechanical energy, or converts mechanical energy into

electrical energy.

 Hydropower plants - water flows through a pipe, or penstock, then

pushes against and turns blades in a turbine to spin a generator to

produce electricity.

CHAPTER 2

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

 42

In accordance with the experimentation, data gathered in

correspondence to the problems that the researchers imposed in the study,

which seeks to determine the  electrical energy produced by a running bike

from a wheel as a source of a back-up electricity to Senior High School

students in University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue is presented,

analyzed, and interpreted

What is the minimum volts can the Electrobike produce while biking in

various directions?

The first problem that was added in the scope of the study was the

minimum volts can the Electrobike produce while biking in various

directions.

The 3 tables shows the trials on the different direction and speed of

the bike that accumulated different volts.  Since the researchers need to

identify the minimum volts of the Electrobike produces, 3 trials with

different speed is tested.

Trial 1

Volts Produced
 43

Distance Minimum Maximum Time Speed

0.5 km 38 V 48 V 8 mins and 6 secs 1.03 m/s

1 km 41 V 49 V 14 mins and 49 secs 1.12 m/s

1.5 km 40 V 47 V 22 mins and 27 secs 1.11 m/s

In trial 1, the minimum volts produces in 0.5 km is 38 V, while the

minimum volts of 1km is at 41 V, and lastly the minimum volts of a 1.5km

is at 40 V. 

Trial 2

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 44 V 50 V 7 mins and 26 secs 1.12 m/s

1 km 42 V 51 V 12 mins and 17 secs 1.36 m/s

1.5 km 40 V 53 V 19 mins and 43 secs 1.27 m/s

In trial 2, the minimum volts produces in 0.5 km is 44 V, while the

minimum volts of 1km is at 42 V, and lastly the minimum volts of a 1.5km

is at 40 V. 
 44

Trial 3

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 48 V 54 V 6 mins and 11 secs 1.35 m/s

1 km 45 V 56 V 10 mins and 38 secs 1.57 m/s

1.5 km 45 V 55 V 18 mins and 24 secs 1.36 m/s

In trial 3, the minimum volts produces in 0.5 km is 48 V, while the

minimum volts of 1km is at 45 V, and lastly the minimum volts of a 1.5km

is at 45 V. 

As the testing undergoes, the researchers determined the minimum volts of

an electrobike produced in various distance and speed. Upon the trials, the

minimum volts the electrobike can produce in 0.5km is 38 V, 1.0km is 41 V,

and in 1.5km is 40 V.

What is the maximum volts can the Electrobike produce while biking in

various directions?
 45

The second problem that was added in the scope of the study was the

maximum volts can the Electrobike produce while biking in various

directions.

The 3 tables shows the trials on the different direction and speed of

the bike that accumulated different volts.  Since the researchers need to

identify the maximum volts of the Electrobike produces, 3 trials with

different speed is tested.

Trial 1

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 38 V 48 V 8 mins and 6 secs 1.03 m/s

1 km 41 V 49 V 14 mins and 49 secs 1.12 m/s

1.5 km 40 V 47 V 22 mins and 27 secs 1.11 m/s

In trial 1, the maximum volts produces in 0.5 km is 48 V, while the

maximum volts of 1km is at 49 V, and lastly the minimum volts of a 1.5km

is at 47 V. 

Trial 2
 46

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 44 V 50 V 7 mins and 26 secs 1.12 m/s

1 km 42 V 51 V 12 mins and 17 secs 1.36 m/s

1.5 km 40 V 53 V 19 mins and 43 secs 1.27 m/s

In trial 2, the maximum volts produces in 0.5 km is 50 V, while the

maximum volts of 1km is at 51 V, and lastly the maximum volts of a 1.5km

is at 53 V. 

Trial 3

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 48 V 54 V 6 mins and 11 secs 1.35 m/s

1 km 45 V 56 V 10 mins and 38 secs 1.57 m/s

1.5 km 45 V 55 V 18 mins and 24 secs 1.36 m/s

 47

In trial 3, the maximum volts produces in 0.5 km is 54 V, while the

maximum volts of 1km is at 56 V, and lastly the maximum volts of a 1.5km

is at 55 V. 

As the testing undergoes, the researchers determined the maximum

volts of an electrobike produced in various distance and speed. Upon the

trials, the maximum volts the electrobike can produce in 0.5km is 54 V,

1.0km is 56 V, and in 1.5km is 55 V.

Is their a relation in the volts produced by an electrobike to its speed?

The third and the last problem that was added in the scope of the study

was their a relation in the volts produced by an electrobike to its speed.

The 3 tables shows the trials on the different direction and speed of

the bike that accumulated different volts.  Since the researchers need to

identify if their is an correlation on the amount of speed to the production of

electrical energy of an electrobike, 3 trials with different speed is tested.

Trial 1

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum
 48

0.5 km 38 V 48 V 8 mins and 6 secs 1.03 m/s

1 km 41 V 49 V 14 mins and 49 secs 1.12 m/s

1.5 km 40 V 47 V 22 mins and 27 secs 1.11 m/s

In trial 1, among all trials it has the lowest speed and the highest

amount of time travelled. with this the lower its speed the lower the volts the

electrobike can produced.

Trial 2

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 44 V 50 V 7 mins and 26 secs 1.12 m/s

1 km 42 V 51 V 12 mins and 17 secs 1.36 m/s

1.5 km 40 V 53 V 19 mins and 43 secs 1.27 m/s

In trial 2, it has the medium speed, perhaps not the lowest and not the

highest. Accumulating enough speed will also accumulate higher volts than

the previous trial.

Trial 3
 49

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 48 V 54 V 6 mins and 11 secs 1.35 m/s

1 km 45 V 56 V 10 mins and 38 secs 1.57 m/s

1.5 km 45 V 55 V 18 mins and 24 secs 1.36 m/s

In trial 3, among all trials it has the highest speed, hence the amount

of volts produced are also at it’s highest peak. The time travelled of the bike

as well is shorter than the previous trials.

As the testing undergoes, the researchers determined the relation of

the speed to the volts produced by an electrobike. The speed is Directly

proportional to the volts produced by an electrobike. Regardless on the

distance it travels. In all trials as the speed increases the amount of volts also

is increasing. This will be helpful in the findings of the researchers.

 50

CHAPTER 3:

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

In this chapter, the summary of the findings, conclusion to the the

research and recommendation about the product formulated by the

researchers are presented. In every trials, the researchers would determine

the minimum and maximum production of volts produced by an Electrobike

in a given distance. The researchers are also testing if the speed of the

Electrobike affects the volts produced on it.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

To answer the hypothesis, a pilot testing was done and this testing

further developed this paper. This pilot testing was based on the statement of

the problem of this study. Thus, the trials gave rise to the answers of these
 51

problems and this is what this section is all about. The data gathered was

presented, analyzed, and interpreted and it must be summarized by this

section.

The first question the trial tried to answer was the minimum volts

being produced by the bicycle. The trials gave way to this answer by

determining the lowest voltage that was generated in each trial. The second

and first trial both showed that the bicycle produced 40V as its minimum

volts being produced while the third trials seem to be higher which gain the

45V. The trials have also shown the maximum volts being produced. The

three trials played around at 54V-56V in which the second trial garnered the

highest volts produced.

Upon learning the answers to the first two problems, the last problem

now went into finding out the relation between the speed of the bicycle to

the volts being produced. By analyzing the data, researchers have found out

that, indeed, there is a relation between these two variables.

Conclusion

Through the conducted experiment, the researchers concluded that the

volts produced by the product have a relation to the speed of the bike. The

distance does not vary to the minimum and maximum volts of the
 52

electrobike produced. However, there will be a huge number of volts the

product will generate if it travels a longer distance. Furthermore, the

electricity produced by biking can be another source of electricity.

Recommendations

In the light of the findings of the study, these are the recommendations:

1.) that the electricity produced by biking will be acknowledged as another

source of electricity;

2.) that the idea of the study will be adapted by most of the people since it

will generate electricity as they bike and it is a good thing to exercise;

3.) that further studies on the following be conducted:

3.1. replication of this study having a storage for the electricity

produced by the electrobike,

3.2. replication of this study having a better dynamo in order to have a

bigger volts produced, and

3.3. replication of this study that would elaborate more about the

electricity produced by biking.

 53

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A – Product Making Documentation

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APPENDIX B – Product Testing Documentation

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APPENDIX C – Location Map

APPENDIX D – Product Testing Results

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Trial 1 Results

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 39 V 48 V 8 mins and 6 secs 1.03 m/s

1 km 41 V 49 V 14 mins and 49 secs 1.12 m/s

1.5 km 38 V 47 V 22 mins and 27 secs 1.11 m/s

Trial 2 Results

Volts Produced
Distance Time Speed
Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 44 V 50 V 7 mins and 26 secs 1.12 m/s

1 km 42 V 51 V 12 mins and 17 secs 1.36 m/s

1.5 km 40 V 53 V 19 mins and 43 secs 1.27 m/s

Trial 3 Results

Volts Produced
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Distance Time Speed

Minimum Maximum

0.5 km 48 V 54 V 6 mins and 11 secs 1.35 m/s

1 km 45 V 56 V 10 mins and 38 secs 1.57 m/s

1.5 km 45 V 55 V 18 mins and 24 secs 1.36 m/s

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: Suzenne E. Belarmino

BIRTHDAY: April 24, 2004

ADDRESS: Yati, Liloan

CONTACT #: 09062416556

E-MAIL: sznnbls@gmail.com

Name: Ken E. Pascioles

Birthday: February 04,2003

Address:Casili, Consolacion, Cebu

Contact Number:09208662924

Email: kenpascioles756@gmail.com
 67

Name: Wagas, Dwight D

Birthday: June 17,2003

Address:Guiwanon, Compostela, Cebu

Contact Number: 09517462634

Email: wagasdwight@gmail.com

Name: Lucky Spike Pitogo

Birthday: August 28, 2003

Address: Lamac, Consolacion, Cebu

Contact Number: 09565542881

Email: andrepitogoz@gmail.com
68