GROUP 4

BLOOD VESSELS
AND
CIRCULATION
__l_on_r_vessels

S__t_mi_vessels
Pulmonaryvessels

Systemicvessels
 Blood Vessels
Pulmonary vessels Systemic vessels
Transport blood from Transport blood from
the right ventricle of the the left ventricle of the
heart through the lungs heart through all parts
and back to the left of the body and back to
atrium. the right atrium.
 1 Carry Blood

2 Exchange nutrients, waste products

and gases within tissues
Blood Vessel
3 Transport substances
Function
4 Regulate blood pressure

5 Direct blood flow to tissues

 Vessel Structure

Arteries Veins Capillaries

Carry blood Carry blood Exchange occurs

away from the toward the heart between blood
heart. Thick with less of and tissue fluids
Thick with a lot elastic tissue
of elastic tissue
ARTERIOLES
VENULES
CAPILLARIES
VALVES
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
VESSELS

Pulmonary Pulmonary Pulmonary

circulation trunk veins
MAJOR ARTERIES
 BLOOD CIRCULATION

SYSTEMIC PULMONARY CORONARY

CIRCULATION CIRCULATION CIRCULATION
 PARTS OF THE AORTA

Aortic
Arch
 PARTS OF THE AORTA

Aortic
Ascending
Arch
 PARTS OF THE AORTA

Aortic
Ascending Descending
Arch
 PARTS OF THE AORTA

Aortic thoracic
Ascending Descending
Arch aorta
SAAN ANG
THORACIC?
 PARTS OF THE AORTA

Aortic thoracic abdominal

Ascending Descending
Arch aorta aorta
SAAN NAMAN ANG
ADBOMINAL?
SAAN NAMAN ANG
ADBOMINAL?
 BRANCHES OF THE AORTA
Brachiocephalic artery
brachiocephalic trunk

common carotid artery

left common carotid artery
right common carotid artery

subclavian artery
left subclavian artery
right subclavian artery
CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE
ARTERIES OF THE UPPER
LIMBS
Axillary arteries
•continuation of subclavian in the axilla (armpits)

Brachial arteries
•continuation of axillary artery that extends into the arm
• where blood pressure measurements are taken

Ulnar arteries
•branch of brachial artery
•near elbow

Radial arteries
•branch of brachial artery
•supply blood to forearm and hand
•pulse taken here
Arteries of the
Upper Limbs
 Abdominal Aorta Branches
Celiac trunk arteries
•supply blood to stomach, pancreas, spleen, liver, upper duodenum

Superior mesenteric arteries

•supply blood to small intestines and upper portion of colon
Inferior mesenteric arteries
•supply blood to colon
Renal arteries
•supply blood to kidneys
Hepatic arteries

•supply blood to liver

 Abdominal Aorta Branches
Testicular arteries
•supply blood to testes

Ovarian arteries
•supply blood to ovaries

Inferior phrenic arteries

•supply blood to diaphragm

Lumbar arteries
• supply blood to lumbar vertebra and back muscles
 Arteries
Arteries of Pelvis:
Common iliac arteries
External iliac arteries
Internal iliac arteries

Arteries of the Lower Limbs:

Femoral arteries
Popliteal arteries
Anterior and posterior arteries
Fibular arteries
Arteries of
the Lower
Limbs
Veins
Veins return blood to the heart

In the systemic circulation, the blood returning to the

heart is deoxygenated.

In the pulmonary circulation, the blood returning to the

heart in the pulmonary veins is oxygenated.
 Veins
Superior vena cava
•returns blood from head, neck, thorax, and right upper limbs

•empties into right atrium of heart

Inferior vena cava

•returns blood from abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs

•empties into right atrium of heart
Major
Veins
 Veins of the Head and
Neck
External jugular vein: Subclavian veins:

• drain blood from head and neck • forms brachiocephalic veins

• empties into subclavian veins

Brachiocephalic veins:
Internal jugular vein:
• join to form superior vena cava
• drain blood from brain, face, neck
• empty into subclavian veins
Veins of
the Head
and Neck
Veins of the Upper
Limbs

• Brachial Veins
• Cephalic Veins
• Median Cubital Veins
 Veins of the Thorax

• Right and left brachiocephalic veins

• Azygos veins

• Internal thoracic veins

• Posterior intercostal veins

• Hemiazygos vein
 Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis
Common Iliac vein:
• formed from external and internal iliacs
External Iliac vein:
• drains blood from lower limb
Internal Iliac vein:
• drains blood from pelvic region
Renal vein:
. drains blood from kidney
Veins of the Lower Limbs

Femoral Veins
Great Saphenous Veins
Popliteal Veins
 Blood Pressure
Measure of force blood exerts against blood
vessel walls.
Normal Blood Pressure: 120/80

Systolic Pressure: Diastolic Pressure:

contraction of heart relaxation of heart
Measuring Blood Pressure
 Pulse Pressure

Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic

and diastolic blood pressures

Example - 120 for systolic / 80 for diastolic; pulse

pressure is 40 mm Hg
pulse pressure points can be felt near large
arteries
Body location to
Evaluate Pulses
CAPILLARY EXCHANGE

diffusion
transcytosis
bulk flow
 NERVOUS CONTROL OF
BLOOD FLOW

VASOMOTOR CENTER VASOMOTOR TONE

a portion of an essential

medulla oblongota determinant of

blood pressure
MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE
(MAP)

-the average arterial

pressure throughout

one cardiac cycle,

systole, and diastole

 BARORECEPTOR CHEMORECEPTOR
REFLEX
REFLEXES

-responsible for the -regulates respiration

maintenance of arterial -cardiac output
blood pressure -regional blood flow
 -inner part of an adrenal gland
ADRENAL MEDULLA -a modified sympathetic prevertebral ganglion
that releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
MECHANISM into the blood
Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone Mechanism
-a hormone system within the body that is
essential for regulation of blood pressure and
fluid balance

modulating blood volume

sodium reabsorption
potassium secretion
water reabsorption
vascular tone
 Antidiuretic Hormone
Mechanism

-decreases the
volume of urine - maintain blood
by increasing the
reabsorption of pressure
water in the
kidneys
 Effects of Aging on Blood
Vessels
Arteriosclerosis

- a disease of the large arteries

Atherosclerosis -thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by

a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery

Factors that contribute to

atherosclerosis
-being overweight or obese, high blood pressure,

regularly drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

Thank you!