CE 104 Mechanics of

Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

CE 104 Mechanics of Solids-I Presentation Contents

Quiz
Week 3 Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
Dr. Naveed Ahmad E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises
Earthquake Engineering Center Statically Indeterminate
Department of Civil Engineering Members
UET Peshawar, Main Campus Simple Strain
Class Exercises
KP, Pakistan. Assignment
E-Mail: naveed.ahmad@nwfpuet.edu.pk

July 18, 2013

 CE 104 Mechanics of
Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Quiz
Presentation Contents
Quiz 3
Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio Poisson’s Ratio

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation

Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial Deformation E–G Relationship

Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises
E–G Relationship
Statically Indeterminate
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises Class Exercises
Assignment

Statically Indeterminate Members

Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Quiz 3, 10 Mins Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I The following data were obtained during a tension Presentation Contents

test of an aluminum alloy. The initial diameter of Quiz

Quiz 3
the test specimen was 0.505 in. and the gage length Poisson’s Ratio
was 2.0 in. Work out the following, Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
I Plot the stress-strain diagram E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
I Determine, E, σP , σE , σY , σmax , σR , µ, Class Exercises
I Measure also, Resilience and Toughness Modulus. Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Poisson’s Ratio Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
I When a solid body is subjected to an axial tension, it E–G Relationship

contracts laterally. Dilatation and Bulk Modulus

Class Exercises

I When it is compressed, the material squashes out Statically Indeterminate

Members
sideways. Simple Strain
Class Exercises
I These lateral deformations on a relative basis are Assignment

termed lateral strains.

I It bear a constant relationship to the axial strains.
I This constant is a definite property of a material and
may be quantified as
 
 LateralStrain 
ν=  
AxialStrain 
ongitudinal deformation (or strain) is called the Poisson's ratio and is denoted by ν. For
CE 104 Mechanics of
Poisson’s Ratio
most steel, it lies in the range of 0.25 to 0.3, and 0.20 for concrete. Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
I When a bar is subjected to a tensile loading there is Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises
an increase in length of the bar in the direction of
Statically Indeterminate
the applied load, Members
Simple Strain
I There is also a decrease in a lateral dimension Class Exercises
Assignment
perpendicular to the load.
I The ratio of the lateral deformation (or strain) to
the longitudinal deformation (or strain) is called the
Poisson’s ratio ν.
I For most steel, it lies in the range of 0.25 to 0.30,
0.20 for concrete, 0.5 for water.
ongitudinal deformation (or strain) is called the Poisson's ratio and is denoted by ν. For
CE 104 Mechanics of
Poisson’s Ratio
most steel, it lies in the range of 0.25 to 0.3, and 0.20 for concrete. Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
I Mathematically, Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

y z Statically Indeterminate
ν=− =− Members
x x Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
where x is strain in the x-direction and y and z
are the strains in the perpendicular direction.
I The negative sign indicates a decrease in the
transverse dimension (contraction) when x is
positive.
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Bi-Axial Deformation Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
I Strain in One–Dimensional Uni–Axial Case Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

∆u du Statically Indeterminate
 = lim = Members
∆x→0 ∆x dx Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Bi-Axial Deformation Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
I Strain in One–Dimensional Uni–Axial Case Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

∆u du Statically Indeterminate
 = lim = Members
∆x→0 ∆x dx Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
I Strain in Two–Dimensional Case Bi-Axial Case
du
x =
dx
dv
y =
dy
dw
z =
dz
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Bi-Axial Deformation Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
I Consider an element is subjected simultaneously by E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Tensile stresses, σx and σy , in the x and y directions. Class Exercises
I The strain in the x-direction, Statically Indeterminate
σx Members
x1 = Simple Strain
E Class Exercises
Assignment
I Simultaneously, the stress in the y direction will
produce a lateral contraction in the x-direction
σy
x2 = −ν
E
I Total strain in the x-direction
σx σy 1
x = −ν = (σx − νσy )
E E E
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Tri-Axial Deformation Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
I For Tri-axial Case, Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises
I The strain in the x-direction, Statically Indeterminate
Members
σx Simple Strain
x1 = Class Exercises
E Assignment

I Total strain in the x-direction

σx σy σz
x = −ν −ν
E E E
1
x = [σx − ν (σy + σz )]
E
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Bi- & Tri-Axial Deformation Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Bi-axial Case, Presentation Contents

Quiz
1 Quiz 3
x = (σx − νσy )
E Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
1 Deformation
y = (σy − νσx ) E–G Relationship

E Dilatation and Bulk Modulus

Class Exercises

I Tri-axial Case, Statically Indeterminate

Members
Simple Strain
1 Class Exercises
x = [σx − ν (σy + σz )] Assignment
E
1
y = [σy − ν (σx + σz )]
E
1
z = [σz − ν (σx + σy )]
E
 CE 104 Mechanics of
E–G Relationship Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Using the relationship between shear and extensional Presentation Contents

strains and Quiz

Quiz 3
I The fact that a pure shear stress at a point can be Poisson’s Ratio
alternatively represented by the normal stresses at Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
450 with the directions of the shear stresses, Deformation
E–G Relationship
one can obtain the following relationship among E , Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises
G , and ν: Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
E Class Exercises
G= Assignment
2 (1 + ν)
where G represents the shear modulus, E represents
the Young Modulus, ν represents the poisson’s ratio
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I For volumetric changes in elastic materials subjected Presentation Contents

to stresses, Quiz
Quiz 3
I Change in volume per unit volume, often referred to Poisson’s Ratio
as dilatation. Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
I Total change in volume of a body due to stresses, E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

∆V = Vs − Vi Statically Indeterminate
Members
∆V = (1 + x ) dx (1 + y ) dy (1 + z ) dz − dxdydz Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
∆V ≈ (x + y + z ) dxdydz
I Change in volume per unit volume,
∆V
e=
Vi
e = x + y + z
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Dilatation in terms of stresses and material Presentation Contents

constants, by means of Hook’s law, Quiz

Quiz 3

1 − 2ν Poisson’s Ratio
e= (σx + σy + σz ) Poisson’s Ratio
E Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
I For Hydrostatic Pressure -p, Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
1 − 2ν Members
e=− 3p Simple Strain
E Class Exercises
Assignment

=⇒
−p E
=k =
e 3 (1 − 2ν)
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 222 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Problem Statement: Presentation Contents

A solid cylinder of diameter d carries an axial load P. Quiz

4Pν Quiz 3

Show that its change in diameter is . Poisson’s Ratio

piEd Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
m 222
CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 222
cylinder of diameter d carries an axial load P. Show that its change in diameterSolids-I
is
Dr. Naveed Ahmad
d.
I Solution. Presentation Contents

n 222 Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 223 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Problem Statement: Presentation Contents

A rectangular steel block is 3 inches long in the x Quiz
direction, 2 inches long in the y direction, and 4 Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
inches long in the z direction. The block is subjected Poisson’s Ratio
to a triaxial loading of three uniformly distributed Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
forces as follows: E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
I 48 kips tension in the x direction, Class Exercises

I 60 kips compression in the y direction, and Statically Indeterminate

Members
I 54 kips tension in the z direction. Simple Strain
Class Exercises
I If ν = 0.30 and E = 29 x 106 psi, Assignment

I Determine the single uniformly distributed load in

the x direction that would produce the same
deformation in the y direction as the original loading.
 of three uniformly distributed forces as follows: 48 kips tension in the x direction, 60

Problem 223in the y direction, and 54 kips tension in the z direction. If ν = 0.30CE 104Solids-I
kips compression
Mechanics of

and E = 29 × 106 psi, determine the single uniformly distributed load in the x direction
Dr. Naveed Ahmad
that would produce the same deformation in the y direction as the original loading.
I Solution.
Presentation Contents

Quiz
Solution 223 Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 223 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Solution. Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 224 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Problem Statement: Presentation Contents

For the block loaded triaxially as described in Prob. Quiz

Quiz 3
223, find the uniformly distributed load that must be Poisson’s Ratio
added in the x direction to produce no deformation Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
in the z direction: Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 For the block loaded triaxially as described in Prob. 223, find theCEuniformly
104 Mechanics dist
of
Problem 224 Solids-I

load that must be added in the x direction to produce no deformation in Ahmad

Dr. Naveed the z d
I Solution. Presentation Contents

Solution 224 Quiz

Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 224 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Solution. Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 225 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Problem Statement: Presentation Contents

A welded steel cylindrical drum made of a 10-mm Quiz

Quiz 3
plate has an internal diameter of 1.20 m. Compute Poisson’s Ratio
the change in diameter that would be caused by an Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
internal pressure of 1.5 MPa. Assume that Poisson’s Deformation
E–G Relationship
ratio is 0.30 and E = 200 GPa: Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 225 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Solution.
Presentation Contents
Solution 225
Quiz
Quiz 3

Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 226 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Problem Statement: Presentation Contents

A 2 in. diameter steel tube with a wall thickness of Quiz

Quiz 3
0.05 inch just fits in a rigid hole. Find the tangential Poisson’s Ratio
stress if an axial compressive load of 3140 lb is Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
applied. Assume ν = 0.30 and neglect the possibility Deformation
E–G Relationship
of buckling. Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 Problem 226
Problem 226 steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.05 inch just fits in CE
A 2-in.-diameter
104 Mechanics of
a rigid hole.
Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

Find the tangential stress if an axial compressive load of 3140 lb is applied. Assume ν =

0.30Solution.
I
and neglect the possibility of buckling. Presentation Contents

Quiz
Quiz 3
Solution 226 Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 227 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Problem Statement: Presentation Contents

A 150 mm long bronze tube, closed at its ends, is 80 Quiz

Quiz 3
mm in diameter and has a wall thickness of 3 mm. It Poisson’s Ratio
fits without clearance in an 80 mm hole in a rigid Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
block. The tube is then subjected to an internal Deformation
E–G Relationship
pressure of 4.00 MPa. Assuming ν = 1/3 and E = Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises
83 GPa, determine the tangential stress in the tube. Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 A 150-mm-long bronze tube, closed at its ends, is 80 mm in diameter and has a wall
CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 227
thickness of 3 mm. It fits without clearance in an 80-mm hole in a rigid Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

block. The tube is then subjected to an internal pressure of 4.00 MPa. Assuming ν = 1/3

and Solution.
I Presentation Contents
E = 83 GPa, determine the tangential stress in the tube.
Quiz
Quiz 3
Solution 227 Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment

Problem 228

A 6-in.-long bronze tube, with closed ends, is 3 in. in diameter with a wall thickness of
 CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 228 Solids-I

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Problem Statement: Presentation Contents

A 6 in long bronze tube, with closed ends, is 3 in in Quiz

Quiz 3
diameter with a wall thickness of 0.10 in with no Poisson’s Ratio
internal pressure, the tube just fits between two rigid Poisson’s Ratio
Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
end walls. Calculate the longitudinal and tangential Deformation
E–G Relationship
stresses for an internal pressure of 6000 psi. Assume Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises
ν = 1/3 and E = 12 x 106 psi. Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment
 Assume ν = 1/3 and E = 12 × 106 psi. CE 104 Mechanics of
Problem 228 Solids-I

Solution 228 Dr. Naveed Ahmad

I Solution. Presentation Contents

Quiz
with closed ends, is 3 in. in diameter with a wall thickness of Quiz 3

pressure, the tube just fits between two rigid end walls. Poisson’s Ratio
Poisson’s Ratio
and tangential stresses for an internal pressure of 6000 psi. Bi-Axial, Tri-Axial
Deformation
E–G Relationship
12 × 106 psi. Dilatation and Bulk Modulus
Class Exercises

Statically Indeterminate
Members
Simple Strain
Class Exercises
Assignment