CE 543

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. RUDERICO ENDRIANO

SUBMITTED BY:
ADOLFO WYNE C. AMPONG
REINFOCED CONCRETE DESIGN
SITUATION 1

A reinforced concrete beam having a width of 450 mm and an effective depth of 675
mm is reinforced with 425‫ ־‬mm ∅. The beam has a simple span of 9 m. It carries an ultimate
uniform load of 40 kN/m. fc'=27.6 MPa, fy= 414.7 MPa.

1. Compute the compressive force resisted by concrete in the beam.

Solution:

C=T
0.85 fc' ab= As fy
π
0.85 ( 27.6 ) ( a ) ( 450 )= (25 )2 ( 4 ) ( 141.7 )
4
a=77.13 mm

a=βc
77.13=0.85 ( c )
c=90.74

εs 0.003
=
584.26 90.74
ε s=0.0193> ε y ¿)
ε s=0.0193> 0.005
Use∅=0.90
 fy
ε y=
εs
414.7
ε y=
200000
ε y =0.00207

C=0.85 fc ' ab
C=0.85(27.6)(77.13)(450)
C=814261.41 N
C=¿ 814.26 kN ( compressive force resisted by concrete)

2. Compute the ultimate moment capacityof the beam.

Solution:

( a2 )
Mu=∅ T d−

a
Mu=0.90 As fy ( d− )
2
π 77.13
Mu=0.90( )(25) ²(4)(414.7)(675− )
4 2
Mu=466.4 x 106 N . mm
Mu=466.4 kN . m
Check for actual moment
Wu L2
Mu=
8
40(9) ²
Mu=
8
Mu= 405 kN.m< 466.4 kN.m (safe)
Ultimate moment capacity of the beams is Mu =466.4 kN.m
3. Determine the cutoff point for two of the bars from the support.

Solution:
Remaining steel bars is 225 mm ∅
π
As= ( 25 )2 ( 2 )
4
As=981.75m m2

C=T
0.85 fc’ ab= As fy
0.85 ( 27.6 ) ( a ) ( 450 )=981.75 ( 414.7 )
a=38.57

Mu=∅ As fy d ­ ( a2 )
Mu=0.90 ( 981.75 ) ( 414.7 ) ¿)
Mu=240.3 x 106 N .mm
Mu=240.3 kN . m

40(x )( x)
Mu=180( x )−
2
240.3=180 x−20 x 2
x²−9 x +12.02=0
9 ±5.74
x=
2
x=1.63 m.(cut off point of 2 bars.
SITUATION 2

A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 250 mm and a tota depth of 450 mm. It is
reinforced with a total steel area of 187 mm² placed at an effective depth of 375 mm. fc' =27.
MPa , fy =414.7 MPa.

4. Determine the depth of compression block.

Solution:
Assuming the steel yields:
T=C
A s fy=0.85 fc ’ ab
1875 ( 414.7 )=0.85 ( 27.6 ) ( a ) ( 250 )
a= 132.58 mm

5.Determine the moment capacity reduction factor.

Solution:

a=βC
132.58=0.85C
C= 155.98
 εt 0.003
=
219.02 155.98
ε t=0.0042125> 0.002but <0.005
fy
ε y=
Ey
414.7
ε y=
200000
ε y =0.0020735<0.0042125

Steel yields

Since ε y is between 0.002 and 0.005, this value is within the transition rage between
compression controlled section and tension controlled section.

( 250 )
Use ∅=0.65+ ( ε t −0.002 )
3
250
∅=0.65+ ( 0.0042125−0.002 )
3
∅=0.834

6. Determmine the safe live load that the beam could carry in addition to a dead load of 20
kN/m if it has a span of 6m.
Solution:
a
M u=∅ A s f y (d− )
2
132.58
M u=0.834 (1875)(414.7)(375− )
2
M u=200.2 x 103 N .mm
M u=200.2 kN . m

w u L2
M u=
8
W u ( 6 )2
200.2=
8
kN
w u=44.48
m
W_u=1.4 DL +1.7LL
44.48=1.4 ( 20 ) +1.7≪¿
¿=¿ 9.69 kN/m
SITUATION 3

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth
of 450 mm. It is reinforced for tension at the bottom with a total steel area of 962.5 mm² ,
fc'=24.2 MPa fy=345.6 MPa E S=200000 MPa .

7. Evaluate the curvature ψ y due to the moment M y which produces initial yielding of the
tenson steel in radians per m.

Solution:
Curvature ψ y due to moment M y which produces initial yielding of tension steel :
Es
n=
Ec
 200000
n=
4700 √ f c '
200000
n=
4700 √24.2
n=8.65 say 9

300(x)( x )
=n A s(450−x ¿
2
150 x 2=9 ( 962.5 ) ( 450−x )
150 x ²+ 8662.5 x −3898125=0
x ²−57.75 x−25987.5=0
x= 134.90 mm
450−x=315.10 mm

fy
ε y=
Es
ε 345.6
y=
200000
ε y =0.001728

εy
Curvature ψ y =
450−x
0.001728
ψ y=
315.10
ψ y =0.00000548radians /mm
ψ y =0.00548rad /m

8. Evaluate the curvature ψ y due to nominal flexural strength M nof the cross section in radians
per m.

Solution:
 T =C
A s f y =0.85 fc’ ab
962.5(345.6)=0.85(24.2)(a)(300)
a= 53.90
a=βc

53.90=0.85c
c=63.42mm
0.003
ψ u=
C
0.003
ψ u=
3.42
rad
ψ u=0.0000473
mm
ψ u=¿ 0.0473 rad/m

9. Determine the magnitude of the cross sections curvature ductility ratio.

Solution:
ψu
Curvature ductilityratio =
ψy
0.0473
CDR=
0.00548
CDR= 8.63

SITUATION 4

A 12m simply supported beam is provided by an additional support at midspan. The

beam has a width of b= 300 mm and total depth h=450 mm. It is reinforced with 4 25‫ ־‬mm ∅ at
the tension side and 225 mm∅ at the compression side with 70 mm cover to centroid of
reinforcements . Fc'= 30 MPa, fy= 415 MPa, Use 0.75 ρu =0.023

10. Determine the depth of the rectangular stress block.

Solution:
Check if compression bars is needed.
As
ρ=
bd
π
A s= ( 25 )2 ( 4 )
4
A s=1963.5 mm ²

1963.5
ρ=
300(380)
ρ=0.017
ρmax =0.75 ρ=0.023
ρ< ρ max
Only tension bars is needed

Therefore the beam needs only tension bars as specified in the problem.
C=T
0.85 fc’ ab= As fy
π
0.85(30)(a)(300)=( ¿(25)²( 4)(415)
4
a= 106.52 mm (depth of rectangular stress block)

STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

SITUATION 1

A steel pipe is used as a column 3.2 m long. The column is hinged at both ends and
supported by a circular base plate on concrete pedestal at the bottom. Give the following data:

Column axial load = 950 kN

Outside diameter = 280 mm
 Allowable compressive stress of column = 60MPa
Allowabe bearing stress of concrete = 11.3 MPa

1.Calculate the minimum required thickness of the column in mm.

Solution:

P=QA
( 950 ) ( 1 x 103 ) =( 60 ) ( π4 ) [2 80 °−d ]
d=241.33mm

2 t=D−d
2 t=280−241.33
t=19.335 mm∨20 mm

2.Calculate the minimum required diameter (mm) of steel base plate.

Solution:

P=QA
π
(950)(1 x 103 )=(11.3)( )¿
4
¿ 327.17 mm∨330 mm D

3.If the column is 22mm thick, what is the slenderness rato?

Solution:

2 t=D−d
2 ( 22 )=280−d
 d=236 mm
π
A=
4()¿

¿ 5676 π mm2
π
I= ( )
64
¿

¿ 149447309.3 mm4
I
r=
√ A
149447309.3
√
¿
5676 π
¿ 91.55 mm
KL (1)(3200)
S . R= =
r 91.55
¿ 34.95∨35

SITUATION 2

Refer to figure below. The chandelier is supported by six equally spaced steel cables.

Weight of chandelier = 3.5 kN/m

Allowable tnsile stress of cable = 90 MPa
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 205 GPa
P= 2m ; H= 3m

4.What is the tension in each cable in kN?

Solution:

3
θ=tan −1( )
1
¿ 71.57 °
∑ fy=0
6 Tsin ( 71.57 )= (3.5 )( 2 ) ( π )
T =3.86 kN

5.What is the minimum required cable diameter in mm?

Solution:

Ʈ =QA
π
(3.86)(1 x 103 )=(90)( ) ¿
4
D=7.39 mm∨8 mm

6.If the diameter is 9mm ,what is h vertical deflection of the chandelier in mm?

Solution :

PL
δ= ; d=9 mm
AE

L= √32 +12
¿ √ 10 mm

(3.86)( √ 10)(1 x 106 )

δ=
π
( )¿ ¿
4
¿ 0.936 mm

δ
sinθ=
δy
0.936
δy=
sin ⁡(71.57)
δy=0.987 mm
SITUATION 3

A simply supported steel beam has a span of 7.5 meters.

Properties of W460 x 97 kg/m:
A= 12,320 mm²
d= 465 mm
bf= 193 mm
Iy= 23 x 106 m m 4
r t =¿ 50 mm
tf= 19 mm
tw= 11 mm
Ix= 445x106 m m4
Fy= 248 MPa

7.If the beam is litrally supported at its ends. Determine its allowable bending stress in MPa.

Solution:
Base in the code
*Allowable Bending stress in Tension
F b=0.6 Fy
¿ ( 0.6 ) ( 248 )
¿ 148.8 MPa
*Allowable Bending stress in Compressive where (b=1)
703270(b)
√ Fy
=53.25

Lb 750
= =150
rt 50

3516330(b)
¿
√ Fy
We can use eq.5 and eq.6 in the code, cmpare these two equation and use the larger
value.

In Eq.5 in the code 009

 1172100(b)
F b= ¿¿
1172100(1)
¿ ¿¿
F b=52.09 MPa

In Eq.6 in the code 009

82740(b)
F b=
( Lb ) ( d )
[ ]
At
82740
¿
( 7500 ) ( 465 )
[ ]
(193 )( 19 )
¿ 86.999 MPa∨87 MPa

Use the larger value , F b=87 MPa< 0.6 Fy ( ok )

8.Determine the moment capacity of the beam in kN-m.

Solution:

Mc
F b=
I
465
M
2
(87)(1 X 10−6 )=
445 x 10 6
¿ 166.5 kN ‫ ־‬m

9.Determne the maximum uniformly distributed load (kN /m ) that the beam can carry
excluding its own weight.

Solution:

W L2
M=
8
w (75) ²
166.5=
8
¿ 23.68 kN /m
 w net =w−W beam
¿ 23.68−0.95157
W net =22.7 kN /m

SITUATION 4

The bolted connection shown below has the following dimensions;

S1=60 mm , S2=100 mm , S3=80 mm ,t=2 mm
Bolted diameter= 22mm
Actual Bolt diameter= 28mm
Fy= 345 MPa , Fu=480 MPa
Allowable Bearing stress of bolts on plate= 1.2Fu
Allowable Shearing stress of bolts= 485 MPa
Allowable tension rupture strength= 0.5 Fu
Allowable shearing stress of plate= 0.3 Fu
Allowable tenson yielding stress of plate= 0.6 Fy

10.Determine the tension rupture capacity of the plate in Kn.

Solution:
P=0.5 Fu An
¿ ( 0.5 ) ( 480 ) [200−2 ( 28 ) ](25)¿
¿ 864 kN
SEISMIC ENGINEERNG

SITUATION 1

A non building structure with a concrete intermediate moment resisting frame supports the
given loads W 1=¿500 kN and W 2 =¿1000 kN which includes the weights of storage bins and the
frame weight.

C s=¿ 0.44 C v =¿0.60

I =¿1.0 N V =¿1.0
T =¿2 sec(period of vibration) Z=¿0.40
R=2.80

1.Determine the design base shear.

Solution:
C v IW
V=
RT
W =500+1000
W =1500 kN
C v IW
V=
RT
0.60(1.0)(1500)
V=
2.8(2)
V =160.71 kN
2. 5Ca IW
V=
R

V should not be greater than

2. 5Ca IW
V=
R
 2.5(0.44)(1)(1500)
V=
2.8
V =589.29 kN >160.71 ok

V should not be less than

V =0.11 Ca IW
V =0.11 ( 0.44 ) ( 1 )( 1500 )
V =72.6 kN <160.71 ok

V should not be less than

0.8 Z N v IW
V=
R
0.8( 0.4)(1)(1500)
V=
R
V =171.43 kN >160.71 kN Use V= 171.43 kN (design base shear)

2. Determine the seismic force at level ②.

Solution:
Since T= 2 sec>0.7 sec.
F t=0.07 TV
F t=0.07 (2 )( 171.43 )
F t=24 kN

Level Wx Hx W x hx F x
2 1000 12 12000 F2
1 500 8 4000 F1
0 0 0 0 0
1500 ∑ W x h x =16000
W x hx
F x= )
∑ (W x ¿ h x) ¿ ¿
12000
F x= ( 171.43−24)
16000
F x =110.57 kN
 Total seismic force at level 2
F 2=110.57+24
F 2=134.57 kN

3. Determine the seismic force at level ①.

Solution:
W x hx
F x= )
∑ (W x ¿ h x) ¿ ¿
4000
F 1= ( 171.43−24 )
16000
F 1=36.86 kN

Check:
F 1+ F 2=V
36.86+134.57=171.43 kN

SITUATION 2

From the figure shown, 6 columns supports a bridge having a total weight of 1226 kN . The
columns are assumed to have fixed supports at the bottom and pinned at the top. The ground is
sloping uniformly downward.

Each column has the following properties:

I= 78.125 x 106 m m 4
S= 4687𝟧0 mm3
A=62𝟧0 mm²
E= 200 000 MPa
4.Compute the period of bridge.

Solution:
PL3
∆=
3 EI
P
K=
∆
P
K=
PL3
3 EI
3 EI
K= 3 (rigidityor stiffness)
L

Stiffness of each column:

3 ( 200000 ) ( 78.12 5 X 10 6 ) (2 )
K A=
( 1800 )3
for 2 columns
N
K A =1607 5
mm

3(200000)(78.125 x 106 )(2)

K B=
(3300) ³
K B=2609 N / mm
 3(200000)(78.125 x 106 )(2)
K C=
(4800)³
K C =848 N / mm

K= K A + K B+ K C
K=16075+ 2609+848
K=195 32 N /mm

m
T =2 π
K
W
√
T =2 π
Kg√
1226000
T =2 π
√
19 5 32(9.81)(1000)
T =0. 5 0 sec .( period of bridge)

5.Compute the shear in column C.

Solution:

For T= 0.50 sec.

Base shear: Sa W Sa =0.4 g

V¿ 0.40 ( 1226 )
 V¿ 490.40 kN

KC
V C= V
K
848
V C= ( 490.40 )
19 5 32
V C =21.29 kN

6. Compute the moment in column A.

Solution:
KA
V A= V
K
1607 5
V A= (490.40)
19532
V A =403.60 kN

M A =403. 6 0 ( 1.8 )
M A =726.5 kN . m

SITUATION 3

The figure shows the shear force at the column section of a building with transverse confining
reinforcement.

Clear cover of 12 mm ∅ ties=40 mm

fc'=28 MPa
fy=41𝟧 MPa (for main bars)
fyh=278 MPa (for tie bars)

The NSCP Specifies the transverse confining reinforcement.

A.)Minimum ratio of spiral reinforcement.

 f c'
a. ρ s=0.12
f yh
Ag f c'
b. ρ s=0.4 5( −1)
Ahc f yh '
whichever is bigger.

where:
A g=gross area
Ach =core area to outside of spirals
f yh=sprecified yield strength

B.)Min. area of rectangular hoop reinforcement in column .

f c ' Ag
a. A sh=0.3 S hc [
f yh A hc
−1
]
f c'
b. A sh=0.09 hc
f yh
where:
Ach =¿ the cross sectional area of the column core, measured out to out of
the transverse reinforcement.
S = spacing of transverse reinforcement
h c =¿cross-sectional dimension of the column core, measured center to center of
the confining reinforcement.
f yh=¿specified yield strength of transverse reinforcement.

C.) Max. spacing of transverse reinforcement.

a. ¼ of minimum dimension
b. 6 d b or 1𝟧0 mm
3 5 0 hs
c. The distance S=100+( )
3

where h s=¿ max. horizontal spacing between hoops or crosstie legs on all faces of the
column but not less than 100 mm nor more than 150 mm max. value of h x =350 mm.
7. Determine the required spacing of lateral reinforcement for a factored shear load V uy =¿
450 kN if the allowable concrete shearing stress is 0.88 MPa.

Solution:
Vu
=V 1+V s
∅
Vu
V 1= −V s
∅
450000
V 1= −0.88 bd
0.85
d=500−40−12−14=434
b=700
450 000
V 1= −0.88 ( 434 ) ( 700 )
0.85
V 1=262068 N
A1 f y d
S=
V1
 π
A1= ( 12 )2 ( 4 )=452.4 mm 2
2
452.4 ( 415 ) ( 434 )
S= =310.9 mm
262068

Max. spacing of transverse reinforcement:

a. ¼ smaller dimension or =100 mm
¼(500)=125 mm say 100mm
b. 6 d b or 150 mm=6(28)=168 mm say 150 mm
350−h x
c. S=100+ ( 3 )
h x =189.33

S=100+ ( 350−189.33
3 )=153.6 mm
Use S=100mm o .c .
8.Determine the required spacing of the confining hoop reinforcement in accordance with the
code for seismic design for shear parallel to short dimension.

Solution:
A sh=4−12 mm ∅

h c =700−40−40−12
h c =608

π
A sh= (12)²(4)
4
A sh=452.4 m m2
Ach =(500−80)(700−80)
Ach =260 400

f c ' As
A sh=0.3 S hc
[
f yh A ch
−1
]
0.3 S (608)(28) 350 000
452.4=
278 [
260 400
−1 ]
S=71.6 mm o . c say 70 mm
Sh f '
A sh=0.09 c c
f yh
0.09 S (608)(28)
452.4¿
278
S=82.08 mm o . c say 80 mm

Spacing of confining hoop reinforcement parallel to short dimension ¿ 70 mm o . c

9.Determine the required spacing of the confining hoop reinforcement in accordance with the
code for seismic design for shear parallel to long direction.

Solution:
Ach =3−12mm ∅

h c =500−40−40−12
h c =408 mm
f c ' As
A sh=0.3 S hc
[
f yh A ch
−1
]
A g=5 00 ( 700 )
A g=3 5 0 000 mm 2
Ach =¿(𝟧00−80 ¿(700−80)
Ach =260 400 m m2
π
A sh= ( 12 )2 ( 3 )
4
A sh=339.3 mm ²

0.3 S ( 408 ) ( 28 ) 3 5 0 000

339.3= ( −1)
278 260 400
S=79.9mm say 7 5 mm

0.09 S hc f c '
A sh=
f yh
 0.09 S ( 408 ) ( 28 )
339.3=
278
S=91.74 mm say 90 mm
Use S=75 mm o .c

Spacing of hoop reinforcement parallel to long direction is 7 5 mm o . c

SITUATION 4

A two storey reinforced concrete moment resisting frame has the following information:
Zone factor Z=0.4
C a=¿0.44
Coeff. of ductility capacity of lateral force resisting system R= 8.5

Simplified design base shear for building not more than 2 stories:
3 CaW
V=
R

10. Determine the design base shear using simplified method.

Solution:
3 CaW
V=
R

W =800+1200
W =2000 kN

3( 0.44)(2000)
V=
8.5
V =310.59 kN
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

SITUATION 1

The flooring of a warehouse is made up of double-tee joists (DT) as shown. The joists are
simply supported on a span of 7.5 m and are pre tensioned with one tendon in each stem with
an initial force of 745 kN each, located at 75 mm above the bottom fiber, loss of stress at
service load is 18%.
Load imposed on the joists are:
Dead load¿2.3 kPa
Live load¿kPa
Properties of DT:
A¿200 000 mm² I¿ 1880 ×106
y t =¿80 mm y b=¿267 mm
a¿2.4 m

1.Compute the stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the initial prestressing
force alone.
Solution:
P Pe C
f b= −
A I
745000(2) 745000(2)(192)(267)
f b= −
200000 1880× 106
f b=7.45−40.63
f b=−48.05 MPa
2.Compute the resulting stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at mid-span due to the service
loads and pre stress force.

Solution:
W =2.3 ( 2.4 ) +6 ( 2.4 )
kN
W =19.92
m

WL ²
M=
8
19.92(7.5)²
M=
8
 M =140.06 kN . m

P=0.82 ( 745 ) ( 2 )
P=1221.8 kN

−P P e C MC
f b= − +
A I I
6
−1221800 1221800(192)(267) 140.06 ×10 (267)
f b= − +
200000 1880× 106 1880 ×106
f b=−6.11−33.32+19.89
f b=−19.54 MPa

3.What additional super imposed load can the DT carry such that the resulting stress at the
bottom fibers at mid-span is zero.

Solution:
f b=19.54 MPa
MC
f b=
I
M ( 267)
19.54=
1880 × 106
M =137.58 kN . m

WL ²
M¿
8
W ( 7.5) ²
137.58=
8
 W =19.57 kN /m

SITUATION 2

Pre stressed hollow core slabs with typical section shown in the figure are used for the flooring
of a library.

Properties of the slab are as follows:

A¿ 1.4 ×10 5 m m2
St =S b=6.8× 106 mm ²
a¿ 1.2 m
b¿ 200 mm
The sab is pre stressed with 820 kN force at an eccentricity e¿ 63 mm below the neutral axis of
the section.
Slab weight¿ 2.7 kPa
Super imposed (DL)¿ 2.0 kPa
Live load¿ 2.9 kPa
The slab is simply supported on a span of 8 m. Allowable stresses at service loads are 2.0 MPa in
tension and 15.5 MPa in compression. Consider 15% loss of pre stressed at service loads.

4. Compute the stress at the top fibers of the slab at the ends due to the initial pre stress
force.
Solution:

−P Pe C
f t= +
A I
−P Pe
f t= +
A Sb
−820000 820000(63)
f t= +
1.4 ×105 6.8× 106
f t=+ 1.74(tension)

5. Determine the resulting stress at the top fibers of the lab at midspan dur to the loads and
pre stress force.

Solution:
LL= 2.9(1.2)
LL= 3.48 kN/m
Slab weight= 2.7(1.2)
Slab weight= 3.24 kN/m
Super imposed load= 2(1.2)
Super imposed load= 2.4 kN/m
Total load= 3.48+3.24+2.4
Total load W= 9.12 kN/m

WL ²
M=
8
9.12(8) ²
M=
8
M =72.96 ×10 6 N . mm
 −P P e C MC
f t= + −
A I I
−P Pe M
f t= + −
A St S t
P=820 ( 0.85 )
P=697 kN(after loss of stress)

−697000 697000 ( 63 ) 72.96 ×106

f t= + −
1.4 ×105 6.8 ×106 6.8 ×106
f t=−4.98+6.46−10.73
f t=−9.25 MPa(compression)

6. Determine the maximum total load (kN/m) including its own weight , that the slab can be
subjected to if the allowable stress at service loads are not to be exceeded.

Solution:

−4.98+ 6.46−f t =−15.5

f t=16.98 MPa
−4.98−6.46+ f b =2.0
f b=13.44 MPa

When f b=13.44 MPa

 M
f b=
Sb
M
13.44=
6.8× 106
M =91.39 kN .m
When f t=−16.98
M
f t=
St
M
16.98=
6.8 ×10 6
kN
M =115.46
m
Safemoment=91.39 kN /m
WL ²
M=
8
W (8)²
91.39=
8
W =11.42 kN /m

WL ²
M=
8
W (8)²
115.46=
8
W =14.4 kN /m
SITUATION 3

The joist (double-tee) is to be used on a simply supported span of 8m, and is pre tensioned with
a total initial force of 1240 kN from low-relaxation strands. The centroid of the strands is
located at 220 mm below the neutral axis of the DT throughout the beam span. Loss of pre
stress of service loads is 20%. Total uniformly distributed loads is 20%. Total uniformly
distributed loads on the joists are dead load =4.5 kPa (beam weight included), live load= 3.6
kPa.

Section properties of the double-tee joists (DT) shown are as follows:

a= 2.4 m
y t =103 mm
y b=303 mm
A=2.1 ×10 5 mm²
I=2.76×10 9 mm 4
Concrete unit weight=24 kN/m³

7. Compute the stress at the top fibers of the DT at the ends due to initial pre stress force.

Solution:
Stress at the top at the ends due to initial pre stress force.
−P Pe C
f t= +
A I
−1240000 1240000( 220)(103)
f t= +
2.1× 105 2.76× 109
f t−5.90+ 10.18
f t=+ 4.28(tension)

8.Compute the bottom fibers of the DT at midspan due to the initial pre stress only.

Solution:

−P Pe C
f b= −
A I
−1240000 1240000(220)( 303)
f b= −
2.1 ×105 2.76 ×109
f b=−5.9−29.95
f b=−35.85 MPa( compression)

9. Compute the resulting stress at th bottom fibers of the DT at midspan due to service loads
and pre stress force.

Solution:
Pre stressing force after loss of stress:
Loss of stress=20%
P= 0.80(1240)
P= 992 kN

Service loads:
W =4.5 ( 2.4 )+3.6 ( 2.4 )
 kN
W =19.44
m

WL ²
M=
8
19.44(8) ²
M=
8
M =155.52 kN . m

−P PeC MC
f b= − +
A I I
6
−992000 992000(220)(303) 155.52× 10 (303)
f b= − +
2.1×10 5 2.71 ×10 9 2.71 ×10 9
f b=−4.72−24.4+ 17.39
f b=−11.73 (compression)

SITUATION 4

A simpy supported symmetricaI I-beam shown in cross section wil be used on a 12 m simple
span. It has the following properties:
Moment of inertia I c =0.005 m 4
Concrete area Ac =0.1135 m²
The beam is to carry a super imposed dead load (considered sustained, not hort term) of 10.97
kN/m in addition to its own weight of 2.68 kN/m. The beam will be pre tensioned with multiple
seven-wire strands with centroid at constant eccentricity of 200 mm.

The pre stress force Pi immediately after transfer will be 704 kN, after time-dependent losses
the force will be reduced to Pe=598 kN. The design strength of the concrete fc'=34.6 MPa and
at the time of pre stressing the strength will be fci=25.9 MPa.

10. Which of the following gives the concrete flexural stress at the midspan section at the time
of transfer (top and bottom).

Solution:
I c =0.005 m4
Ac =0.1135 m²
I
r 2=
At
0.005
r 2=
0.1135
2
r =0.044

Due to initial pre stress:

Pi=704 kN
−P P ec
f t= +[ ]
A ec
−P ec
f t=
Ac [ ]
1− 2
r
0.2(0.3)
f t=
−704
[
0.1135
1−
0.044 ]
f t=+ 2256 kPa(tension)(top)
f t=+ 2.256 MPa
 −P ec
f b=
Ac[ ]
1+ 2
r
0.2(0.3)
f b=
−704
0.1135[ 1+
0.044 ]
f b=−14664 kPa ( compression )
f b−14.66 MPa
WL ²
M DL =
8
(2.68)(12)²
M DL =
8
M DL =48.24 kN . m

MC
f=
I
48.24 (0.3)
f=
0.005
f =± 2894 kPa
f =2.894 MPa

Total stress at the bottom:

¿−14.66+2.894
¿−11.766 MPa
Total stress at the top:
¿ 2.256+2.894
¿ 5.15 MPa