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Kandungan :
1. Analisis Item SPM
2. Panduan Menjawab Kertas 3
3. Soalan latihan
DISEDIAKAN OLEH :
PN SURAYYA BINTI SALEH
SISC+ UNIT SAINS & MATEMATIK
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3.0 Structure Question 1/2 test the mastery of 11 Science Process Skills
1. Observing (Memerhati)
2. Classifying (Mengelas)
3. Inferring (Membuat inferen)
4. Measuring (burette , stopwatch, thermometer, voltmeter)
(Mengukur & menggunakan nombor)
5. Predicting (Meramal)
6. Communicating (e.g construct table and draw graph) (Berkomunikasi)
7. Space-Time Relationship(Menghubungkan ruang dan masa)
8. Interpreting Data (Mentaksir data)
9. Defining Operationally (Memberi definisi secara operasi)
10. Controlling Variables (Mengawal Pembolehubah)
11. Hypothesizing (Hipotesis)
Each answer is allocated mark as follows: 3 marks/2 marks/1 mark/0 Score : 11 X 3 = 33
5. Variable [Pembolehubah]
Manipulated variable [Pembolehubah dimanipulasi] merujuk kepada sesuatu perkara yang
diubah-ubah ataupun yang dikaji dalam eksperimen. Responding variable [Pembolehubah
bergerak balas] merujuk kepada hasil atau dapatan daripada eksperimen dan Constant variable
[Pembolehubah dimalarkan] merujuk kepada perkara yang ditetapkan atau tidak berubah
sepanjang eksperimen dijalankan.
6. Hypothesis [Hipotesis]
Hipotesis : dapat menyatakan perkaitan (relationship) antara pembolehubah dimanipulasi
(manipulated variable) dan pembolehubah bergerak balas (responding variable).
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi dituliskan terlebih dahulu diikuti dengan pembolehubah bergerak
balas
Hypothesis: Relate manipulated variable followed by responding variable with direction
Example:
1. The higher/lower the concentration/molarities of acid/H+, the lower/higher the
pH value.
Semakin tinggi/rendah kepekatan/molarity asid/H+, semakin tinggi/rendah nilai pH.
2. Acid coagulates latex while alkali /ammonia solutian does not coagulate the latex.
Asid menggumpalkan lateks manakala alkali/ larutan ammonia tidak mengumpalkan lateks.
7. Inference [Inferen]
Inferen merupakan penjelasan atau sebab kepada pemerhatian @ membuat kesimpulan awal untuk
menerangkan peristiwa atau objek berdasarkan pemerhatian.
Operational definition:
1. what should be done (Apa yang diperhatikan)
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Construct of electrochemical When two different metals are the needle/pointer of the
series dipped into an electrolyte voltmeter deflects
Permbinaan siri elektrokimia Bila dua logam berlainan jarum voltmeter terpesong
(spm 2013) dicelup dalam satu elektrolit
9. Meramal
Proses untuk menentukan dan menjangka peristiwa yang akan berlaku.
Berdasarkan kepada pemerhatian dan pengalaman yang lalu atau data yang boleh dipercayai.
Biasanya soalan bermula dengan kata tugas iaitu apa yang pelajar harus jawab. Pelajar
harus tahu kata tugas untuk memastikan jawapan yang ditulis mengikut kehendak soalan.
Paper 2 & 3 Explain Give the answer with reasons to explain certain statement / fact /
Kertas 2 & 3 Terangkan principal.
Example: Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper [3 marks]
Correct answer :
- Copper atoms in pure copper are all of the same size and they are
arranged in layers that can slide easily when force is applied
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- The presence of tin atoms in bronze that are different in size disturb the
orderly arrangement of atoms in bronze
- This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding
> Menulis jawapan dengan memberi sebab-sebab untuk
menjelaskan sesuatu kenyataan / fakta / prinsip.
Contoh: Terangkan mengapa gangsa lebih keras daripada
kuprum tulen
Jawapan : Dalam kuprum tulen saiz atom adalah sama, atom
mudah menggelongsor. Dalam gangsa, atom stanum
mengganggu susunan teratur atom kuprum. Dengan itu
mengurangkan gelongsoran atom kuprum.
Paper 2 & 3 State the method to conduct the test , observation and conclusion.
Kertas 2 & 3 Example : Describe how to identify the present of Fe3+ ion.
Answer : - Pour in 2 cm3 of the solution in a test tube. Add a few drops of
sodium hydroxide solution until excess
- A brown precipitate formed.
Jawapan:…………………………….
Paper 3 Draw graph Draw graph as follows :
Kertas 3 Lukiskan graf Label the two axis with the correct unit
Choose suitable scale, the size of the graph should be at least ¾ of the
size of the graph paper.
Plot all the points correctly
Smooth graph ( curve or straight line )
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2. Bina hipotesis
a. Pernyataan menghubungkan pembolehubah dimanipulasi dengan pembolehubah
bergerak balas.
b. Pembolehubah dimanipulasi dituliskan terlebih dahulu diikuti dengan pembolehubah
bergerak balas
c. Perlu menyatakan arah perubahan untuk kedua-dua pembolehubah (arah ini
mungkin betul atau salah)
3. Lukiskan gambarajah [tidak wajib tetapi ia membantu untuk menyenaraikan bahan & radas
serta prosedur].
4. Senaraikan bahan dan radas berdasarkan gambarajah serta bahan atau bahan lain yang
diperlukan .[contoh : kertas pasir, kertas turas, forceps dan lain-lain].
Problem statement/ aim of the experiment/ hypothesis and variable can be concluded from the
situation given and aim of the experiment
It always must be a question and ended with question mark. Start your statement of problem with
‘Does/how/ what…..manipulated variable affect responding variable?
Aim of experiment: It always must be a statement and ended with full stop. Start your aim of
experiment with ‘To compare…./To investigate…./To study….
Tujuan mulakan dengan ayat to study/investigate/compare/determine bergantung kepada
soalan. Ayat bagi tujuan (Aim) biasanya boleh didapati daripada soalan.
Procedure:
- All the steps taken in the procedure must include the apparatus used, quantity and type of
substance (powder, solution…etc)
- No mark is allocated for the diagram. The complete labeled diagram can help students in:
i) Writing the steps taken in the procedure
ii) Listing the apparatus and materials
- You need to write the procedure as complete as possible which means all steps are to be written
in detail.
- The sentence should be written in active form but not in PEKA report, there is no penalty if you
write in passive form sentence and it can be present or past tense.
Tabulation of data:
- The number of columns and rows in the table is related to the manipulated and responding
variables
- Unit must be written for all the titles in each row and column of the table. (If mv or rv has unit)
- Do not write the observation/ inference/ conclusion in the table.(RV)