EE357: Power Transmission and

Distribtuion

Farhan Mahmood, PhD

Department of Electrical Engineering
UET, Lahore

May 23, 2016

Outline

• Power flow through transmission lines

• Power transfer capability
• Reactive power compensation

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Power Flow through Transmission Lines

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Numerical Problem

• A three-phase overhead line has line constants: A = 0.9∟1º and B = 143 ∟84.5º is
operated at constant sending-end and receiving-end voltages of 240 kV and 220 kV
respectively. Determine the rating of reactive power compensation device at the
receiving-end if the line supplies a load of 100 MVA at 0.8 power factor lagging.

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Numerical Problem

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Numerical Problem

VAR Generator

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Power Transfer Capability

• The power handling ability of a line is limited by:

− Thermal loading limit
− Stability limit
• The thermal loading limit of the line is given by:

• The stability limit of the line is given by:

• For a lossless line:

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Power Transfer Capability

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Problem

• A three-phase power of 700 MW is to be transmitted to a substation located 315 km

from the source of power. For a preliminary line design, assume the following
parameters:
VS = 1.0 p.u., VR = 0.9 p.u. λ = 5000 km; Zc = 320 Ω, and δ = 36.87⁰ .
(i) Based on the practical line load ability equation, determine a nominal voltage
level for the transmission line.
(ii) For the transmission voltage level obtained in (i) calculate the theoretical
maximum power that can be transferred by the transmission line.

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Solution

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Solution

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Problem

• From a hydroelectric power plant 9000 MW are to be transmitted to a load center

located 500 km from the plant. Based on practical line loadability criteria, determine
the number of three-phase, 60-Hz lines required to transmit this power, with one
line out of service, for the following cases:
(a) 345-kV lines with Zc = 297 Ω;
(b) 500-kV lines with Zc = 277 Ω;
(c) 765-kV lines with Zc = 266 Ω.
Assume VS = 1.0 per unit, VR = 0.95 per unit, and δ = 35⁰. Also assume that the
lines are uncompensated and widely separated such that there is negligible mutual
coupling between them.

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Solution

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Reactive Power Compensation

• Reactive power compensation is the management of reactive power to improve the

voltage profile of transmission line.
• Reactive power can be compensated by following methods:
− Tap changing transformers
− Shunt reactor
− Series capacitor
− Shunt capacitor

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Tap-changing Transformers

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Shunt Reactor

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Shunt Reactor

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Series Capacitor

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Series Capacitor

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Shunt Capacitors

• Shunt capacitors supply the required reactive power to maintain the receiving-end
voltage at the desired level.

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Shunt Capacitors

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION