‫اﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻧوﺑﯾﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺳم ھﻧدﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟراﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫‪Performance of Transmission Lines‬‬
‫أﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﻧﻘل واﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎﺿرة رﻗم )‪(9‬‬

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 Example
Performance of an automobile is decided by
Mileage, Top speed, Braking systems, robust

Similarly

Performance of an Electric Power is decided by

Voltage, frequency, power factor, active and reactive power

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 Performance of Transmission Lines
The important considerations in the design and operation of a transmission
line are the determination of voltage drop, line losses and efficiency of
transmission.
The transmission line has mainly four parameters
Resistance (R), Inductance(L), Capacitance (C)and Conductance (G).

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10.1 Classification of Overhead Transmission Lines
• Short transmission lines: up to about 50 km and (< 20 kV)(capacitance
effects are small and hence can be neglected so only resistance and
inductance of the line are taken into account)
• Medium transmission lines: 50-150 km, and the line voltage is moderately
high (>20 kV < 100 kV), ( capacitance effects are taken into account)
• Long transmission lines:. 150 km and line voltage is very high (> 100 kV),

It may be emphasized here that exact solution of any transmission line must consider the
fact that the constants of the line are not lumped but are distributed uniformly throughout
the length of the line. However, reasonable accuracy can be obtained by considering these
constants as lumped for short and medium transmission lines.

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10.2 Important Terms
Voltage regulation:
When a transmission line is carrying current, there is a voltage drop in the
line due to resistance and inductance of the line.
The result is that receiving end voltage (VR) of the line is generally less than
the sending end voltage (VS).
Voltage drop (VS- VR) in the line is expressed as a percentage of receiving
end voltage VR and is called voltage regulation.
The difference in voltage at the receiving end of a transmission line between
conditions of no load and full load is called voltage regulation and is
expressed as a percentage of the receiving end voltage.

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10.2 Important Terms
Transmission efficiency:
The ratio of receiving end power to the sending end power of a transmission
line is known as the transmission efficiency of the line i.e.

where VR, IR and cos φR are the receiving end voltage, current and power
factor while VS, IS and cos φS are the corresponding values at the sending end.
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10.3 Performance of Single-Phase Short Transmission
Lines
The effects of line capacitance are neglected.
Only resistance and inductance
The equivalent circuit of a single-phase short transmission line is shown in
Fig.10.1 (i).
Here the total resistance and inductance are shown as concentrated or
lumped instead of being distributed. The circuit is a simple ac series circuit

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For single phase

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 Generalized Circuit Constants of a Transmission Line
a transmission line is a 4-terminal network ; two input terminals where
power enters the network and two output terminals where power leaves the
network.

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Example 10.3. An overhead 3-phase transmission line delivers 5000 kW at 22 kV at 0·8
p.f. lagging. The resistance and reactance of each conductor is 4 Ω and 6 Ω respectively.
Determine : (i) sending end voltage (ii) percentage regulation (iii) transmission efficiency.

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Homework

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