Research 1

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Find out an example of research which can be studied using each of the following methods.

1.Descriptive Research.

This type of research endeavors to describe systematically, factually, accurately and objectively a
situation, problem or phenomenon. It seeks to describe “what is.” A psychology student who is
assessing the work values of a group of rank-and-file employees is actually doing a descriptive
study.

2.Correlational/Associational Research.

In this type of research, the investigator tries to probe the significance of relationship between two
or more factors or characteristics. A researcher who undertakes a study to find out the significance
of association between job performance and commitment is doing correlational research.

3.Explanatory Research.

In this type of inquiry, the researcher seeks to clarify why and how a relationship exists between two
or more aspects of a situation or phenomenon. Questions like, why job stress contributes to burn-out
or why low morale can lead to lower productivity among employees are problems which can be
investigated systematically through the explanatory research design.

4.Experimental Research.

In this type of research, the researcher probes into the cause of an effect by exposing one or more
experimental groups to one or more treatments or conditions. For example, when a mathematics
professor is after determining the effectiveness of a learning packet or module in raising the
performance of his students, he is actually engaging in experimental research.

5. Ex-post Facto/Causal-Comparative Research

. Research is of this type when the investigator delves on analyzing the possible effect of a factor
which cannot be manipulated and controlled. A guidance counsellor who is after singling out the
variables associated with failing marks in some college course or a biology student who is interested
in determining the incidence of lung cancer among heavy smokers are examples of situations where
this type of research is appropriate to employ.

6. Historical Research.

In historical research, the researcher attempts to reconstruct the past objectively and accurately or
to explain an incident that happened in the past with the use of data taken from the past. For
instance, why the Filipino elite collaborated with the American imperialists during the American
Regime can best be answered through the aforementioned research methodology.

7.Ethnographic Research.
This type of research is done when the researcher is concerned with explaining or describing a
phenomenon holistically, with the use of multiple data collection techniques. Topics like, the culture
of law and graduate students in an institution of higher learning and the teaching of accounting
course in selected business administration colleges lend themselves to the aforementioned research
methodology.

List down five topics you are interested to study in your area/field of specialization. Rank
them from one (1) to five (5). Write down at least five reasons why you want to study the topic
you ranked first. Use the template below.

1.researcher has interest. It is in this phase wherein the researcher has to identify topics that
interests him most. It is in this step where he has to justify why a study on a particular topic is
needed. Once topic of interest is already identified, the researcher has to start reading articles and
books, converse with people who are knowleadgeable in that area and begin thniking about it.

PROBLEM-DEFINITION PHASE. As the ideas generated in the first phase re very general or vague,
the reasercher has to refine them. This is the problem definition phase. This particular step involves
the following activties: identification and definition of the variables to be studied; development of the
theoritical and conceptual framework of the study; the formulation of the major and specific problems
to be investigated and the formulation of the hypothesis.

PROCEDURES-DESIGN PHASE. After identifying the problems and hyphothesis, the researcher
has to decide on the methods and procedures he will use in the collection and analysis of data. This
is the procedures-design phase. Activites a researcher has to undertake in this phase include the
following: decision on what research methodology to employ; selection of research participants;
development and validation of data gathering tools; specifiction of the procedures to be observed in
the actual collection of data and planning the analysis of data gathered.

DATA-COLLECTION PHASE. After preparing the research plan, the researcher has to proceed
gathering the data from the subjects of the study. It is in this phase where the procedures, devised in
the previous step, are implemeted by the researcher rigorously.

INTERPRETATION PHASE. Having analyzed the data, the researcher analyze the collected data
from the previous step, based on his data analysis plan. Appropriate qulaitative and quantitative
techniques and procedures are then applied for the data that have been recorded, coded, and
tabulated.

INTERPRETATION PHASE. Having analyzed the data, the researcher continues to make sense out
of them by interpreting the results in terms of how they aid in responding to the research problem
posed at the beginning of the study, and how this answer contributes to knowledge in the field. After
generating answers to the problem, the researcher has to compare the results predicted based on
the theoritical framework of the study.
COMMUNICATION PHASE. After completing the data analysis and interpretation phases, the
researcher has to prepare a written or oral report of the study conducted, either for publication or
preseantion to collegues or a panle of experts. This report has to include a description of all the
above steps in the research process.

If you will write your thesis proposal, how you will conduct it? Make a
process using your own flow chart.

-"Instead, what we're interested in seeing is if you have a clear handle on the process and structure of
research as it's practiced by our ...

Outline.

Prepare visuals (any charts or tables)

Describe methodology.

Explanation of data.

Conclusions drawn from you data.

Introduction.

Abstract.

References
 Outline Review: An abstract is a summary that contains the relevant
information from a research report according to specified categories. Select a completed
research in your field and prepare an abstract for it. Follow the format given below.

1. Bibliography Entry: An accurate complete bibliographic entry heads the abstract.

Gathering Information

Regardless of what citation style is being used, there are key pieces of information that need to
be collected in order to create the citation.

For books and/or journals:

Author name

Title of publication

Article title (if using a journal)

Date of publication

Place of publication

Publisher

Volume number of a journal, magazine or encyclopedia

Page number(s)

For websites:

Author and/or editor name

Title of the website

Company or organization that owns or posts to the website

URL (website address)

Date of access
2. Problem: This is the statement of the research problem of the report being reviewed, which
may include the statement of the hypotheses

research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a

difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation. In
some social science disciplines the research problem is typically posed in the form of a
question. A research problem does not state how to do something, offer a vague or broad
proposition, or present a value question.

Importance of...

The purpose of a problem statement is to:

Introduce the reader to the importance of the topic being studied. The reader is oriented to the
significance of the study and the research questions or hypotheses to follow.

Places the problem into a particular context that defines the parameters of what is to be
investigated.

Provides the framework for reporting the results and indicates what is probably necessary to
conduct the study and explain how the findings will present this information

3. Subjects: The individuals involved in the study, including how they were selected.

Random selection refers to the method used to select your participants for the study. For
example, you may use random selection to obtain 60 participants by randomly selecting names
from a list of the population. ... Random selection is used to obtain a sample that is
representative of the population.

4. Methods and Procedures: This section describes how the research was done. It includes
such items as the measurements utilized and the analyses performed by the research

Identify the key components of the methodology chapter: (a) Introduction and overview,(b)
research sample, (c) overview of information needed, (d) research design, (e) methods of data
collection, (f) methods for data analysis and synthesis, (g) ethical considerations, (h) issues of
trustworthiness, (i) limitations

5. Findings and Conclusions: This section identifies the relevant findings and conclusions of the
study. They have to be numbered when the report is quite lengthy.

Presenting the last word on the issues you raised in your paper. Just as the introduction gives a first
impression to your reader, the conclusion offers a chance to leave a lasting impression. Do this, for
example, by highlighting key findings in your analysis or result section or by noting important or
unexpected implications applied to practice.

Summarizing your thoughts and conveying the larger significance of your study. The conclusion is an
opportunity to succinctly answer [or in some cases, to re-emphasize] the "So What?" question by
placing the study within the context of how your research advances past research about the topic.

Identifying how a gap in the literature has been addressed. The conclusion can be where you describe
how a previously identified gap in the literature [described in your literature review section] has been
filled by your research.

Demonstrating the importance of your ideas. Don't be shy. The conclusion offers you the opportunity to
elaborate on the impact and significance of your findings.

Introducing possible new or expanded ways of thinking about the research problem. This does not refer
to introducing new information [which should be avoided], but to offer new insight and creative
approaches for framing or contextualizing the research problem based on the results of your study.