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Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
life Saturday
problems.
C. Analysis
Based on the activity:
If it’s Sunday, what outfit will you wear?
Well, we look to see what outfit to which Sunday is mapped, and we see
that you will be wearing your plaid skirt with your brown blouse.
How about on Monday? Tuesday? Wednesday? Thursday? Friday? and
Saturday?
Represent your outfit of the day through a Mapping Diagram
D. Abstraction
What is a Relation?
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a relation is the set of first
coordinates. The range is the set of second coordinates.
Example of Relations
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(4, 2), (4, -2), (9, 3), (9,3)}
3. {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (1,d)}
What is a Function?
A function is a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to exactly
one element of the range.
Examples of Functions
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,1)}
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Example 2.
Functions relate an input to an output
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
{
t (m) 8.00 ,if 0<d ≤ 4
8+1 ( d ) , if m> 4
Note that ⌊𝑑⌋ is the floor function applied to d. The floor function gives the largest
integer less than or equal to d, e.g. ⌊4.1⌋ = ⌊4.9⌋ = ⌊4⌋
E. Application
Answer the following problems:
1. For which values of k is the set of order pairs ¿ a function?
2. Which of the following statements represents a function?
a. Students to their current age.
b. Countries to its capital.
c. A store to its merchandise.
3. A person is earning P600 per day to do a certain job. Express the total
salary S as a function of the number n of days that the person works.
4. A taxi ride costs Ᵽ40.00 for the first 500 meters, and each additional 300
meters (or a fraction thereof) adds Ᵽ3.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise
function to represent the taxi fare in terms of the distance d in meters.
5. Maria needs to order shirts for the 8th grade class at Malinao National High
School. The company she hires to print the shirts charges a Ᵽ35.00 design
fee and Ᵽ80.00 for each shirt ordered. How much will Maria pay if she
orders 5 shirts? 10 shirts? 50 shirts? x shirts?
F. Evaluation
Answer Me: Is this relation a function?
1. {(1,3),(2,3),(3,3)}
2. {(2,3),(2,3),(4,3)}
3. {(-3,3),(-2,3),(- 5,3)}
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
4. {(1,4),(2,4),(3,4)}
Day Objective Topic/s Classroom-based Activities
2 Evaluate Evaluating Begin with a classroom routine:
Tuesday functions a Function a. Prayer
11:20 – given the b. Reminder of the classroom health and safety protocols, and Classroom Rules
12:00 number or c. Checking of attendance
expression d. Presentation of Phrase of the Day
for the
function’s A. Recall
variable. Based on our discussion yesterday what is the difference between function
Solve and relation? And when can we use a piece-wise function?
functions in
algebraic B. Activity
form.
“KNOW MY USE”
Each picture is an example of a vending machine which can be seen
anywhere in our community. Name each vending machine and discuss the
purpose and how these machines are being used.
A. B. C. D.
C. Analysis
Based on the previous activity, answer the following questions:
When you insert (input) coin in any of the vending machine the result
(output) will be the instances of availing the services it offers.
1. How do you know when to insert?
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Pay close attention in each example to where a number is substituted into the
function. I promise you will have no trouble evaluating function if you follow
along. Take a look
f ( x )=6 x −1 Note
Find f (5)
f ( x )=6 x −1 Notice how 5 replaces the x in the function notation
f ( 5 )=6 ( 5 )−1 Substitute 5for x in the original function
f ( 5 )=29 Evaluate! This is your answer!
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
This answer means that if you substitute 5 for x , into this function, you
will get an answer of 29!
NOTE: (The 5 can be replaced with whatever number you substitute into the
equation.)
b. g ( x )=3 x2 −4 x
g ( 1.5 )=3 ( 1.5 )2−4 ( 1.5 ) substitute the equation with the given value of x;
¿ 3 ( 2.25 )−6 evaluate the given equation
¿ 6.75−6
g(1.5)=0.75 This is your answer!
c. h ( x )=√ x+ 4
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
2 x +1
d. r ( x )=
x−1
2 (1.5 )+ 1
r ( 1.5 )= substitute the equation with the given value of x;
1.5−1
3+1
¿ evaluate the given equation
0.5
4
¿
0.5
r (1.5)=8 This is your answer!
e. t ( x )=| x|+1
t ( 1.5 ) =|1.5|+1 substitute the equation with the given value of x;
¿ 1+1 evaluate the given equation
t (1.5)=2 This is your answer!
Example 2.
Evaluate the following functions, where f and q are as defined in Example 1.
a) f ( 2 x+ 1 ) b) g ( 4 x−3 )
Solution.
a) f ( 2 x+ 1 )=3 ( 2 x +1 )−2 substitute the equation with the given value of x;
¿ 6 x +3−2 evaluate the given equation
f (2 x +1)=6 x +1 This is your answer!
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Example 3.
Evaluate f ( a+b ) where f ( x )=4 x 2−3 x
Solution.
2
f ( a+b ) =4 ( a+b ) −3 ( a+b )
¿4 ¿
2 2
f ( a+b ) =4 a −3 a+ 8 ab−3 b +4 b
E. Application
Direction: Evaluate the following functions
1. Given f ( x)= x−2, find the following values:
a. f (0)
b. f (3)
c. f (−1)
d. f ( 2 )
e. f (−5)
2. Given f ( x )= √ x−3 , find the following values:
a. f ( 3 )
b. f (4 )
c. f (12)
d. f ( x−3)
e. f ( ) 1
1−x
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
3. Find the functional values f (−2), and f (3) for the function; f ( x )=x 2 +1
4. Evaluate the function f ( x )=2 x +4 for x=5
5. Mark started selling snacks in the nearby school. In one day he spends
Ᵽ 200for rent and Ᵽ 25for each snack item he prepares. His expenses in a
single day can be expressed as the function C ( x)=25 x +200 , where x is the
number of items and C ( x) is his daily expenses in pesos. How much are his
expenses if he prepares 100snack items? 150 snack items?
F. Evaluation
Substitute the given value/s and do the indicated operations and solve.
Let x = 3, y = 5, z = – 2
1. 2x – (– 3xy2)
2. – (xyz)
3. 3z – 2y + 3x
4x
4. + 2z
5y
4x
5. (3 z)2 – 5y +
6z
Day Objective Topic/s Classroom-based Activities
3 Define the Operations Begin with a classroom routine:
Wednesday rules on e. Prayer
11:20 – involving Functions f. Reminder of the classroom health and safety protocols, and Classroom Rules
12:00 operations & g. Checking of attendance
on functions. h. Presentation of Phrase of the Day
Compositio
Solve
problems n of
A. Recall
involving Function You have learned from the previous module that evaluating a function
operations means replacing the variable in the function, with a value from the function's
on functions domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are evaluating f at a for
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
C. Analysis
Based on the previous activity, answer the following questions:
1. When you are trying to solve the items above what did you
feel?
2. Who did you find the activity is it hard or easy?
3. What is your experience of solving it?
D. Abstraction
Like integers/numbers, functions can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and
divided. We conduct these operations on algebraic expressions that appear
on the right-hand side of the equations since functions are frequently given
in equation form.
Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient of Functions
Let f and g be any two functions.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
f
The sum f +g , difference f −g, product fg, and quotient are functions
g
whose domains are the set of all real numbers common to the domain
of f and g, and defined as follows:
1. Sum: (f + g)( x)=f ( x)+ g ( x)
2. Difference: (f −g)( x)=f ( x )−g( x )
3. Product: ( fg ) ( x )=f ( x ) ∙ g(x )
f f (x)
4. Quotient: ( x )= , where g(x )≠ 0.
g g (x)
To further discuss the following operations the following examples will be
presented
Example 1.
The Sum of two Functions
Definition. Given two functions f and g, the sum of two functions, f + g, is defined
by the equation, (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
Find the sum of the given functions given the following:
Given: f(x) = 6x – 1.
g(x) = x + 5
p(x) = x² + 3x + 2
h(x) = x²- 5x + 4
Solution.
a. f + g
Equation: (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
Substitute the given functions to the equation: (f + g) (x) = 6x – 1 +x + 5
Simplify: (f + g) (x) = 7x + 4
Therefore, the sum of the functions f and g is 7x + 4.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
b. g + p
Equation: (g + p) (x) = g(x) + p(x)
Solution the given functions to the equation: (g + p) (x) = x + 5 + x²+ 3x + 2
Simplify: (g + p) (x) = x² + 4x + 7
Therefore, the sum of the functions g and p is x² + 4x + 7.
c. f + h
Equation: (f + h) (x) = f(x) + h(x)
Substitute the given functions to the equation: (f + h) = 6x – 1 + x² - 5x + 4
Simplify: (f + h) (x) = x² + x + 3
Therefore, the sum of the functions f and h is x² + x + 3.
Remember: In finding the sum of the functions, the following steps will be applied:
1. Write the equation based on the given functions.
2. Substitute the given values of the functions to the equation.
3. Simplify the values to get the final answer.
The Difference of two Functions
Definition: Given two functions, f and g the difference of two functions, f – g, is
defined by the equation, (f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x)
Example 2.
Find the difference of the given functions given the following:
Given: f(x) = 6x – 1.
g(x) = x + 5
p(x) = x² + 3x + 2
h(x) = x²- 5x + 4
Solution.
a. f – g
Equation: (f – g) (x) = f(x) –g(x)
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
applied:
1. Write the equation based on the given functions.
2. Substitute the given values of the functions to the equation.
3. Divide the numerator by the denominator or apply the different kinds of
factoring.
4. Simplify the value to get the final answer.
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Therefore f (
x−1 ) x−1
2 x +1 5 x+ 1
=
E. Application
I. Let f and g be defined as (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 5 and (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1. Find,
1. f +g
2. f −g
3. fg
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
f
4.
g
g
5.
f
1
II. Let f ( x )=x 2−1 and g ( x )= , find
x
1. f ( g ( x ) )
2. g ( f (−1 ) )
3. f ( f ( x ))
4. g ( g ( 5 ) )
F. Evaluation
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Determine whether or not each statement is True or False. Explain your answer
1. If f ( x )=x−3 and g ( x )=x+ 4 , then ( f −g ) ( x )=−7
()
2. If f ( x )=x +6 and g ( x )=3 x , then
f
g
( 3 )=1.
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
C. Analysis
Based on the previous activity, answer the following questions:
1. How did you find the activity?
2. Did you learn something from it? What is it?
A function is a relationship in which an output value depends upon
an input value.
A function table is often referred to as an Input/ Output table.
A rule tells how one number (input) is related to another number
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
(output).
D. Abstraction
Decision making is always part of our lives, from the moment we wake- up
we start to decide the proper action to undertake be it minor or major decisions. In
the problem presented one of the factors that Miguel can use in making decision
about the dilemma he is facing is the cost of the fare in jeepney and in tricycle. If
he will ride a jeepney he will only pay ₱17.25 however if he will ride a tricycle, he
needs to pay ₱24.00 So it will be more economical if he chose to ride a jeepney.
However, the cost of the fare is just one of the factors. There are times that
convenience is also considered in choosing the mode of transportation since it is
not crowded and you can reach your destination faster. Therefore, in deciding the
mode of transportation the priority of the commuters whether to be more
economical or to meet convenience is considered.
In the previous problem we determine the cost of the fare by using a table
wherein we repeatedly add the fare charge per kilometer. Thus, this type of
problem can be solved using functions, and at this point let us determine how we
are going to do that.
Example no. 1
LET’S TRAVEL
A proposed Light Rail Transit System Line 1 (LRT-1) fare would charge ₱18.00 for
the first four stations and ₱5.00 for each additional station over the proposed fare.
a. Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of stations traveled
b. Find the proposed fare for 15 stations
c. Find the proposed fare for 20 stations
To solve problems that involve functions you can employ George Polya’s 4-step
rule
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Solution
a. Explore. Since the first step involves analysis and proper labeling of the known
and unknown facts, we will let x = number of stations traveled. There are also
some conditions that was set in the problem such as the cost of fare which is set
up to 4 stations only thus we can represent x – 4 = number of stations traveled
over and above 4 stations
b. Plan. In writing an equation that will represent the relationship between the
known and unknown quantities, since we know that if we travelled up to 4 stations
we must pay P18, we can represent it as
f(x) = 18 for 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 4
However, if we travelled more than 4 stations the cost of the fare have different
method of computation so we need to consider it. Since the cost of every station
after the 4th station is ₱5.00 we will now obtain
f(x) = 18 + 5(x – 4)
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
E. Application
According to Alice Hoffman every problem has a solution. In finding the
solution one important aspect to consider is the “how” or the process of finding it.
In solving problems involving functions there are different process that we can
employ to attain the solution. In three to five sentences write the process that you
follow in solving problems involving functions.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
F. Evaluation
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY
To apply the Based on our learnings, what is the most important use of function in our
concepts of lives?
function to real B. Activity
life situation JEEPNEY OR TRICYCLE?
Read and analyze the problem below.
Miguel is a senior high school student who commutes from home to school which
is 15 km apart. There are two modes of transportation the first one is through jeep
and the other one is through tricycle. In riding a jeepney the fare charge ₱9.00 for
the first 4 km travel and ₱0.75 for each additional kilometer. Meanwhile in riding a
tricycle the fare would be ₱10.00 for the first km travel and ₱1 for each additional
kilometer. Will you help Miguel analyze his situation?
Questions
C. Analysis
Decision making is always part of our lives, from the moment we wake-
up we start to decide the proper action to undertake be it minor or major
decisions. In the problem presented one of the factors that Miguel can use in
making decision about the dilemma he is facing is the cost of the fare in jeepney
and in tricycle. If he will ride a jeepney he will only pay ₱17.25 however if he will
ride a tricycle, he needs to pay ₱24.00 So it will be more economical if he chose
to ride a jeepney. However, the cost of the fare is just one of the factors. There
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA REGION XIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SURIGAO CITY