BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

Hello dear students. First of all, I want to congratulate all of you on finishing all your activities for
the first quarter. We are now on the second quarter and the last quarter of this semester. I hope that you
will again do your best in this quarter like what you did last time.
For the second quarter of your subject, Oral Communication in Context, we will be dealing with the
following topics: Communicative Strategies, Principles of Speech Writing, and Speech Analysis. In this
quarter, expect that there will be more writing activities. Also, you might be asked to record some
speeches since our subject is Oral Communication, so I have to assess your ability to communicate. We
will also be guided by the MELCs to make sure that we are hitting the right track. Performance Tasks
will also be provided to check your abilities and your learnings for the quarter. Good luck and God
bless. Let’s begin!

WEEK 1: COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

The learners recognize that communicative competence requires an

Content Standard
Performance Standard
Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELCs)
21 Century Learning Skills
st
Core Values
understanding of speech context, speech style, speech, act and
communicative strategy.
The learners demonstrate effective use of communicative strategies in
a variety of speech situations.
Employ various communicative strategies in different situations.
Communication
Critical thinking
Creativity
Excellence
Linguistic Competence
Critical Thinking

REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Dividina, D.J. (2017). Towards Effective Oral Communication for Senior High School.
1624-1626 España Blvd. cor. Don Quijote St. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.

Padilla, M.M, (2016). Speak Right and Make a Difference: Oral Communication in Context
for Senior High School. 105 Engineering Road, Araneta University, Potrero, Malabon
City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

Peña, A.R. (2016). Oral Communication. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City: Vibal
Group, Inc.

TOPIC: Nomination, Restriction, Turn-Taking, Topic Control

INTRODUCTION:
In your daily life, you get involved in various communication situations which require
you to employ certain strategies in order to ensure that every communication situation goes smoothly
and successfully. Consider a situation in which you are to explain the meaning of something to
somebody who does not speak your language or is from another culture? How do you explain ‘balut’ to
a foreigner? Why is it a favorite delicacy among Filipinos? Why is a certain place named as such? How
does a visitor act properly in a locality? Difficulty in explaining often arise which may result in a
communication breakdown, or the failure to get a message across clearly. In order to avoid this, you will
need to employ an appropriate communication strategy.

Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:

1
 1. Define communicative strategy;
2. Distinguish types of communicative strategy such as nomination, restriction, turn-taking,
and topic control;
3. Apply effective use of communicative strategy in a speech situation; and
4. Use acceptable, polite, and meaningful communicative strategies.

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

Directions: Activate your prior knowledge about Communicative Strategies by filling out
the K-W-H-L chart below.

What I Want to How I Can Learn

What I Know What I Have Learned
Find Out More

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.

1. What is communicative/communication strategy?

2. What are the different types of communicative strategy?

SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:

ACTIVITY 1. How do you properly and appropriately convince someone to do something

CONTENT DISCUSSION
for you? For instance, how do you convince your parents to give you extra allowance or to
buy you a book or anything that you have always wanted? Share your strategies on the
space provided.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
A communication strategy is a plan or course of action to convey information effectively. It
serves as a blueprint in expressing to others information related to a specific issue, event, situation, or
audience. In relation to this, this aims to facilitate a healthy and effective exchange of messages.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

Since engaging in conversation is also bound by implicit rules,
Cohen (1990) states that strategies must be used to start and
maintain a conversation. Knowing and applying grammar
appropriately is one of the most basic strategies to maintain a
conversation. The following are some strategies that people use
when communicating.

https://www.google.com/search?q=communicative+strategies&client=firefox-b-
1.d&sxsrf=ALeKk00kbMIeYQQtmRnfcO0qGRKQ6Jhsdw:1625201949562&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjL5pCHzcPxAhUjzIs
Nomination
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Nomination is the strategy that a speaker uses to
invite other participants in communication situation. The
speaker attempts to collaborate or participate by opening a

2
 topic or by asking his or her fellow participants to communicate and share their ideas about a
certain topic.

When beginning a topic in a conversation,

especially if it does not arise from a previous topic, you
may start off with news inquiries and news
announcements as they promise extended talk. Most
importantly, keep the conversational environment open
for opinions until the prior topic shuts down easily and
initiates a smooth end. This could efficiently signal the
beginning of a new topic in the conversation.
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q=what+kind+of+movies+do+you+like+cellphone&tbm=isch&v
ed=2ahUKEwjhnpDdzcPxAhUUxIsBHUvpBzgQ2-
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one&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJzoECAAQQzoICAAQsQ
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t=img&ei=0Z3eYKHyNpSIr7wPy9KfwAM&client=firefox-b-
d#imgrc=1i6yTyx6vaT0vM

Examples of prompts in initiating a topic:

 Do you have anything to say?
 Did you catch the latest episode of our favorite TV show?
 Now, it is your turn.
 Let us hear from you.

2. Restriction
Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may
have as a speaker. When communicating in the classroom, in a
meeting, or while hanging out with your friends, you are typically
given a specific instruction that you must follow. These instructions
confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.
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q=stop&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiw9aaJzsPxAhWDEaYKHbbk
For example, in your class, you might be asked by AqoQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=stop&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECAAQQzIEC
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speech on digital natives. In these cases, you cannot decide to wNY_PUDYMH8A2gAcAB4AIAB1AOIAfANkgEDNC00mAE

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talk about something else. On the other hand, conversing with LCmIYOjmAW2yYvQCg&client=firefox-b-
your friends during ordinary days can be far more casual than these examples. Just the same,
remember to always be on point and avoid sideswiping from the topic during the conversation to
avoid communication breakdown.

3. Turn-Taking
Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk
because others take much during the conversation. Turn-taking
pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversational floor. There is a code of behavior behind
establishing and sustaining a productive conversation, but the
primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak.
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q=turn+taking&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjTxvquzsPxAhVK95QK
Remember to keep your words and reasonably short HeUfA2gQ2-
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enough to express your views or feelings. Try to be polite even if ggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA

you are trying to take the floor from another speaker. Do not hog
the conversation and talk incessantly without letting the other
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party air out their own ideas. To acknowledge others,

you
may employ visual signals like a nod, a look, or a step
back, and you could accompany these signals with
spoken cues such as “what do you think?” or “you were
wanting to say something?”

4. Topic Control
The strategy that limits the coverage of a https://www.google.com/search?q=what
discussion or conversation to things that are acceptable to %27s+up+cellphone&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiGoKSjz8PxAhW7yIs
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want to unduly irritate him or her, you avoid topics that he
or she might not be interested in or keen on hearing about. Take, for example, a guest in a talk show
who is asked by the host of questions that are not about agreed-upon topic. If such is the case, the
3
 guest might feel uncomfortable, leading him or her to give winding, even incoherent answers. At
worst, the guest might even walk out.

Remember that regardless of the formality of the context, topic control is achieved
cooperatively. This only means that when a topic is initiated, it should be collectively developed
by avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts. You can make yourself actively involved
in the conversation without overly dominating it by using minimal responses like “yes”, “okay”,
“go on”; asking tag questions to clarify information briefly like “You are excited, aren’t you?”
“It was unexpected, wasn’t it?” and even by laughing.

SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS
Exercise 1. Answer the following briefly but intelligently.

1. Recall a time when you found yourself with a group of people whom you did not know. How did you cope with
the situation? How did the other members of the group make you feel that you belonged?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2. Give three restrictions/limitations that you can set in the following communication situation.

Conversation during family dinner

1.___________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________

3. Read the dialogues and supply the appropriate response that each line requires. Make sure to provide verbal
hints that indicate that it is the first speaker’s turn to talk again.

“Good day! You seem tired this morning. How is your day so far?”
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

“My pencil sharpener is missing. Have you seen it?”

___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

REVISED KNOWLEDGE

1. What is communicative/communication strategy?

A communication strategy is a plan or course of action to convey information effectively.

2. What are the different types of communicative strategy?

Nomination, Restriction, Turn-Taking, Topic Control

GENERALIZATION

This week, we discussed the four types of communicative strategy which are nomination,
restriction, turn-taking, and topic control. The following are its definitions:

Nomination is the strategy that a speaker uses to invite other participants in communication situation.
Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
Turn-taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor.
Topic control is the strategy that limits the coverage of a discussion or conversation to things that are
acceptable to the people involved in the communication process.

Through this discussion, we were able to know the different strategies that we use during
conversation, through this, we will now be able to understand further the message of the person talking
to us.

WEEK 2: COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES (continuation)

4
 The learners recognize that communicative competence requires
Content Standard understanding of speech context, speech style, speech act and
communicative strategy.
The learners demonstrate effective use of communicative strategy in a
Performance Standard
variety of speech situations.
Most Essential Learning Employ various communicative strategies in different situations.
Competencies (MELCs)
Communication
21 Century Learning Skills Critical thinking
st

Creativity
Excellence
Core Values Linguistic Competence
Critical Thinking
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)

A. Printed:
Dividina, D.J. (2017). Towards Effective Oral Communication for Senior High School.
1624-1626 España Blvd. cor. Don Quijote St. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.

Padilla, M.M, (2016). Speak Right and Make a Difference: Oral Communication in Context
for Senior High School. 105 Engineering Road, Araneta University, Potrero, Malabon
City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

Peña, A.R. (2016). Oral Communication. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City: Vibal
Group, Inc.

TOPIC: (Topic Shifting, Repair and Termination)

INTRODUCTION:

Hello students. This is a continuation of our topic last time about communicative strategies. We
will be discussing the remaining three types of Communicative Strategies which are: Topic Shifting,
Repair, and Termination. Again, please read the explanations carefully in order for you to answer the
activities that follow. Let’s begin.

Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:

1. Distinguish types of communicative strategy such as topic shifting, repair and termination;
2. Apply effective use of communicative strategy in a speech situation; and
3. Use acceptable, polite, and meaningful communicative strategies.

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

Directions: Activate your prior knowledge about Communicative Strategies by filling out
the K-W-H-L chart below.
What I Want to How I Can What I Have
What I Know
Find Out Learn More Learned

Skills I expect to use:

5
PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.
1. What is topic shifting?
2. What is repair?
3. What is termination?

CONTENT DISCUSSION (continuation)

COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
In the first module, you have defined communication strategy as a plan or course of
action to convey information effectively. You have learned that it serves as a blueprint in expressing to
others information related to a specific issue, event, situation, or audience. In relation to this,
communication strategies are also presented and discussed such as nomination, restriction, turn-taking
and topic control. To check your understanding, you are also given the opportunity to engage in the
written activities that would help you deepen you understanding about these communication strategies.

As you go on with this next lesson, another communication strategies are presented to you.
Hence, you are expected to read and analyze them so that these will help you develop new social
relations and will engage you often in social interactions.

5. Topic Shifting

Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another. In other words,
it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins. If a topic is unpleasant to or
uncomfortable for any one of you, one of you should bring up another topic instead of risking a
communication breakdown. Topic shifting also applies when you want more interesting or more
pleasant topic to talk about instead.

When shifting from one topic to another, you have to be

very intuitive. Make sure that the previous topic was nurtured
enough to generate adequate views. You may also use effective
conversational transitions to indicate a shift like “By the way,” “In
addition to what you said,” “which reminds me of,” “Before I
forget” and the like.

6. Repair
“No offense, but…”
Have you said this line before to anyone? Or has someone
said this to you? This utterance points to a communication
strategy that prepares the listener for what he or she will hear and
somehow lessens the negative impact of a message. This
communication strategy is called repair.
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q=topic+shifting&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjI_6vNz8PxAhVozos
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g&ei=yZ_eYIj3KOicr7wPkamXmAQ&client=firefox-b-
d#imgrc=1jt-mOGiK-5j7M

Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending
that they may encounter in a conversation. For example, if everybody in the conversation seems to talk
at the same time, give way and appreciate other’s initiative to set the conversation back to its topic.

Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction (Schegloff et

al, 1997). If there is a problem in understanding the conversation, speakers
will always try to address and correct it. Although this is the case, always
seek to initiate the repair. To address the problems in the
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communication situation, other phrases that commonly use to lessen
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the negative impact of a particular message include “With all due
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respect…” “Don’t get me wrong, but …”. Repair is also done when
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a mistake is committed, such mispronouncing a word or using the
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wrong term. In such instances, you will most likely to
correctyourself to avoid being misunderstood or laughed at. You
6
might say, “Actually, it’s (correct term/pronunciation)” or “My bad, I meant to say (correct
term/pronunciation).’’

7. Termination
Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic
in a conversation. Most of the time, the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of the
discussion as well.

Although not all topics may have clear ends, try to signal the end of the topic through concluding
cues. You can do this by sharing what you learned from the conversation. Aside from this, soliciting
agreement from the other participants usually completes the discussion on the topic meaningfully.

The following tips may prove useful in instances where you need to terminate a conversation:
1. Express your desire to end the conversation politely.
2. Apologize for having to cut the conversation.
3. You may use any of the following statements:
 “Never mind, it doesn’t matter. Let’s not talk about it anymore.”
 “I’m sorry, I’m not comfortable talking about this.”
 “I wish I could stay and talk more, but I have to go.”
 “It’s been great talking to you, but I am afraid I have to go.”
 “Excuse me, but I really need to get going. Let us talk again soon.”

SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS
Answer the questions shortly but substantially.

1. Why is it necessary to shift topics in certain situations?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. In a heated argument, would you apologize to the other person even if you believe that you are right?
Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. What would you do if your friend still has a lot of exciting stories to share but you really have to
leave?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
REVISED KNOWLEDGE
1. What is topic shifting?
Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another. In other
words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins.

2. What is repair?
Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.

3. What is termination?
Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a
topic in a conversation.

GENERALIZATION
This week, we discussed another set of communicative strategies which are topic shifting, repair,
and termination. The discussion about communicative strategies helps us attain good communication.
Through this, we will be able to understand the person talking to us as well as we will also be able to
adjust our nuances of be aware of what to do in order for us not to be misunderstood.
7
 WEEK 3: PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

The learners recognize that communicative competence requires

Content Standard
Performance Standard
Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELCs)
21st Century Learning Skills
Core Values
understanding of speech context, speech style, speech act and
communicative strategy.
The learners demonstrate effective use of communicative strategy in a
variety of speech situations.
Use principles of effective speech writing focusing on: audience
profile, logical organization, duration, word choice and grammatical
correctness.
Communication
Critical thinking
Creativity
Excellence
Linguistic Competence
Critical Thinking

REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Dividina, D.J. (2017). Towards Effective Oral Communication for Senior High School.
1624-1626 España Blvd. cor. Don Quijote St. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.

Padilla, M.M, (2016). Speak Right and Make a Difference: Oral Communication in Context
for Senior High School. 105 Engineering Road, Araneta University, Potrero, Malabon
City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

Peña, A.R. (2016). Oral Communication. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City: Vibal
Group, Inc.

TOPIC: Principles of Speech Writing

INTRODUCTION:
Hello students. As promised last time, there will be a continuation of the discussion on
speech during the first quarter and we have come to that part already. In this module, we are going to
discuss the principles of speech writing. Take note that speech delivery is different from speech writing.
As the title suggests, you will be asked to write speeches as part of your mini task in preparation for
your Performance Task. Please be reminded that understanding is very important, merely reading the
content discussion is not enough, you have to read between the lines and understand the deeper meaning
of each topic.
I hope that you are ready. Let’s begin!

Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:

1. Identify the principles of speech writing.

2. Apply effective use of principles of speech writing.
3. Write an effective speech using the principles of speech writing.

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

Directions: Activate your prior knowledge about Communicative Strategies by

filling out the K-W-H-L chart below.

8
 What I Want to How I Can Learn
What I Know What I Have Learned
Find Out More

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTION/ FOCUS QUESTION:

Below is the key guide question that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer it at the end of the week.

1. What are the different principles of speech writing?

SIMPLE EXERCISE/DRILL

Motivational Activity

Search the meaning and the proper pronunciation of the following words. Record your
pronunciation and send it to your subject teacher through his/her messenger.

1. Rendezvous: ________________________________________________________________
2. Tete-a-tete: _________________________________________________________________
3. Bourgeois: _________________________________________________________________
4. Colonel: ___________________________________________________________________
5. Meringue: __________________________________________________________________

CONTENT DISCUSSION

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

This unit lesson features the basics of preparing and delivering a

speech. From the drafting your speech to its delivery, you will be guided
with various strategies that you can apply to successfully speak in public.

To begin the lesson, read and analyze the situation below.

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It might be nightmarish for people like Peter, who fear public speaking, to deliver a speech before an
audience. You might say that only the likes of Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., or John F.
Kennedy, Jr. were born with the skills to deliver powerful speeches. But you should realize that the only
difference between you and them lie in one word: “preparation”.

Great speakers know that delivering a speech does not begin the moment they open their mouths and
start talking. They know that much time is spent in the speech-making process. The key to delivering a
good speech is preparation. The actual speech presentation is the easiest part.

9
THE PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

1. Audience Profile
Audience profile pertains to the important details about your
audience that will help you plan your speech. Take, for
example, the following situation.

Situation 1: An alumnus receives an invitation to speak before

the graduating class of his elementary school. In planning his
speech, he considers the age of his intended audience, which,
in this case are 12-13-year-old grade 6 pupils. Included in the
audience are the pupil’s parents and loved ones who will
come to witness a milestone in their children’s education. As
such, the alumnus decides to use language that both the
graduates and their parents and older loved ones will
understand and relate to.
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d#imgrc=_p-1Zj6MIIZU8M

As shown in the situation above, the speaker considered the event, age and previous knowledge
of the audience. By doing so, he will be able to craft a speech that will be relevant to the pupils, their
parents, and everyone else in attendance. That said speech will also be easy to understand and relate
to. In addition, the speaker may even consider the audience’s gender, educational level, occupations
and religious affiliations in planning his speech. Taking such things into consideration will allow a
speaker to come up with a speech that is relevant, understandable, relatable, and even enjoyable.
Moreover, considering variables such as age, gender, and religious affiliations will allow a speaker
to avoid offensive or biased remarks and/or topics.

It is also important that you have an idea on how big your audience will be since speaking in
front of 10-20 people is very different from speaking of hundreds or even thousands of people.
When you, for instance, speak to smaller audience, you might use more intimate and casual
language; but if you speak to a larger audience, you might be inclined to use formal language.

Knowing your audience profile or characteristics will help you plan your speech in terms of
topic, word choice, example, language, and duration.

2. Choosing a Topic
If you are given the choice of topic for your speech, start with
what you know or are interested to know. Then if you have
something in mind already, ask yourself the following questions:

1. Is the topic interesting to my audience?

2. Is it timely and relevant?
3. Are there available sources of information on it?

If your answer is “yes” to all the given questions, then https://www.google.com/search?

q=choosing+a+topic&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwii6vCu0sP
you have a potentially good topic in mind. Note that the xAhUKvJQKHa-DBewQ2-
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PwQZUSwuEM
When you have decided on a topic and are set to start
compiling information about it, think of all the possible
sources you can consult. If your speech is about basketball, consider if the history of the sport
can be found online or if there are published books about it. If your speech is about origami,
where will you get a new pattern to follow? Do you know an origami expert you can interview?

With your topic in mind, list as many information sources as possible: video
documentaries; textbooks; other print sources such as magazines, journals, and newspapers;
surveys/questionnaires; microfilms; and other similar materials. Once you have determined your
possible sources, you can begin your research. Make sure, though, that you take note of each

10
 source and that you cite all your sources when you deliver the speech. Failure to properly cite
your sources is tantamount to plagiarism and that will compromise your credibility.

4. Outlining and Organizing Speech Content

There is a common and effective practice of outlining and organizing a speech and this
practice is referred to as the Rule of Three. Many great speakers are able to keep focus of their
speeches by limiting the ideas to expound on to three. For example, what are the three things
about basketball that interest you the most or who are the three greatest basketball players you
want to talk about? If your speech is on origami, what three benefits can one get from learning
this art? Simply put, limiting your main points to three allows you to better organize your speech.
In turn, a focused and well-organized speech is easy to comprehend and follow.

5. Logical Organization
Your speech must follow a certain flow if you intend to communicate your ideas clearly
and effectively. The following are some patterns which you may use in crafting your speech.

 Categorical/Topical – This is the most common pattern for organizing a speech. In this
pattern, the categories help the speaker organize the message in a consistent manner. The
goal of using this pattern is to create categories (or chunks) of information that go
together to help support the main idea.
 Comparison/Contrast – This pattern is used to compare and contrast subjects or ideas.
 Spatial – This pattern organizes information according to how things fit together in
physical space. The spatial pattern is appropriate when your main points are oriented to
various locations that can exist independently. This pattern is best used if your goal is to
show that your main points have clear locations.
 Chronological – This pattern places the main idea in the time order in which items
appear. Here, you present information in the order in which they happened.
 Biographical – This pattern is usually employed when a speaker wants to describe a
person's life—either the speaker's own life (autobiographical), the life of someone they
know personally, or the life of a famous person. A speech using this pattern is mainly
informative or entertaining.
 Causal – This pattern is used to explain cause-and-effect relationships. When you use a
causal speech pattern, your speech will have two main points: cause and effect. In the
first main point, you will typically talk about the causes of a phenomenon; in the second
main point, you will usually show how the causes lead to either a specific effect or a
small set of effects.
 Problem-Cause-Solution – This pattern describes a problem, identifies what
you believe is causing the problem, and then recommends a solution to correct the
problem.
 Psychological – In this pattern, a leads to b and b leads to c. This speech format is often
used in persuasive speeches as it is designed to follow a logical argument.

Each of the patterns mentioned is useful for a specific purpose or goal only; conversely, not all
organizational patterns work for all speeches. For instance, the biographical pattern is useful only if you
are sharing about the life of a person; if your purpose is to persuade, then the biographical pattern will
not be useful. The challenge then is to identify the goal or purpose of your speech and then choose the
pattern that will best serve your goal or purpose.

6. Duration
Time is important, and a speaker should always bear that in mind. As
such, a speech must be just long enough to fulfill your speech goals but short
enough to hold your audience's attention. For example, the president's State
of the Nation Address (SONA) lasts between 30 and 90 minutes to allow the
head of state time for a comprehensive delivery of relevant information. A
very short SONA might not include all the details that the citizens might
deem important. On the other hand, a very long SONA might bore the
https://www.google.com/search?
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11
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toast is expected to be short and sweet, so to speak—not long and winding. In many ways, such is the
case for other speeches like welcome remarks and speaker or guest introductions.

In addition, some speeches require speakers to finish within an allotted time. For instance,
speakers in impromptu or extemporaneous speaking contests are given only a certain number of minutes
for their speeches. Thus, the speakers must make sure that they finish within that time frame or they lose
points or—worse—get disqualified.

7. Word Choice
As discussed already, your choice of words will depend primarily on the type of audience.
Another consideration, though, is the situation, occasion, or event in which you will deliver the speech.
As such, you should always keep in mind that there are appropriate words to say on specific occasions.
Moreover, the formality of the language you will use will depend on the occasion. A graduation speech,
for instance, often requires the use of formal language. A send-off speech, on the other hand, allows for
more informal language.

8. Grammatical Correctness
As a second language speaker of English, you are not expected to be perfectly proficient in it.
Nevertheless, you should strive to learn and master the language so you can avoid grammatical lapses,
especially the obvious ones. Lapses that are obvious and repetitive may make it difficult for your
listeners to completely grasp the message you want to convey. Moreover, a discerning audience will
notice your mistakes and may be less inclined to listen to you either because they cannot completely
understand what you are trying to say or they do not think you a credible speaker.

If you are to deliver a prepared speech, make time to edit it or have it edited for grammatical
correctness. If you are to deliver an extemporaneous speech, practice thinking and expounding on ideas
based on an outline. Record your practice speeches and listen to yourself. Better yet, have somebody
listen to you speak and ask for feedback so you may avoid repeating the grammatical mistakes you are
making. Whatever the situation, keep in mind that learning and practicing the use of the English
language will help you become a better speaker.

SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS ESSENTIAL LEARNING

After you have profiled your audience and done research on the topic, making an
outline will help you organize your speech. Keep in mind that your speech has to have a
good introduction that will catch and hold your audience’s attention. The body of your
speech should, ideally, focus only three things about the topic regardless of how much time
you are given to discuss them. Such focus ensures that your audience will remember most of
the things you will say. Your word choice and type of language will then be of utmost
importance as your listener’s ability to completely understand your message is directly
intertwined with the words you will use and

Exercise 1. Complete each sentence. Choose the correct word from the given set of words in the box.

counter interchange reciprocate reply share

1. Thebite chew gnaw professor nibble peck advi

fitting to serve as an introduction.

2. I will ________________ his allegations with proofs like bank account statements and
statements of assets, liabilities and net worth.
3. It is only natural for us ________________ the love and care that our parents give to us.
4. The bar examinations passer told us to ________________ to the claims of the other party using
unfabricated evidence.
5. I decided to ________________ my earning with my parents because they worked hard to help
me get where I am now.
6. The baby loves to ________________ cookies and biscuits.
7. The medium-rare steak was hard to ________________.
12
 8. The tiger at Zoobic Safari would ________________ at the raw chicken.
9. Can I have a ________________ of that burger, please?
10. The little bird tried to ________________ at the bamboo tree hoping this could become its
shelter.

Exercise 2. You are invited to deliver an informative speech to a group of grade 4 pupils in your school.
What are the things you must prepare in terms of audience, organization, word choice, duration,
grammatical correctness, choosing a topic, spreading information, and organizing speech content.
Complete the chart below.

ASPECT/ELEMENTS THINGS TO REMEMBER/CONSIDER

AUDIENCE

ORGANIZATION

WORD CHOICE

DURATION

GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS

CHOOSING A TOPIC

SOURCING OF INFORMATION

OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING SPEECH

CONTENT

REVISED KNOWLEDGE

1. What are different principles of speech writing?

 Audience Profile
 Choosing a Topic
 Sourcing Information
 Outlining and Organizing Speech Content
 Logical Organization
 Duration
 Word Choice
 Grammatical Correctness

GENERALIZATION

This week, we have learned about the different principles of speech writing, this is very helpful
specially in our subject because we are expected to write our own speech at the same time, deliver it.
The principles of speech are as follows:

1. Audience Profile

13
 Audience profile pertains to the important details about your audience that will help you plan
your speech.
2. Choosing a Topic
If you are given the choice of topic for your speech, start with
what you know or are interested to know.
3. Sourcing Information
When you have decided on a topic and are set to start compiling information about it, think
of all the possible sources you can consult.
4. Outlining and Organizing Speech Content
There is a common and effective practice of outlining and organizing a speech and this
practice is referred to as the Rule of Three.
5. Logical Organization
Your speech must follow a certain flow if you intend to communicate your ideas clearly and
effectively.
6. Duration
Time is important, and a speaker should always bear that in mind. As such, a speech must be
just long enough to fulfill your speech goals but short enough to hold your audience's attention.
7. Word Choice
As discussed already, your choice of words will depend primarily on the type of audience.
Another consideration, though, is the situation, occasion, or event in which you will deliver the
speech.
8. Grammatical Correctness
As a second language speaker of English, you are not expected to be perfectly proficient in it.
Nevertheless, you should strive to learn and master the language so you can avoid grammatical
lapses, especially the obvious ones.

WEEK 4: PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

Content Standard
Performance Standard
Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELCs)
The learners realize the rigors of crafting one’s speech.
The learners proficiently deliver various speeches using the principles
of effective speech delivery.
Use principles of effective speech delivery focusing on: articulation,
modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and
14
 movements, and rapport with the audience.
Communication
21 Century Learning Skills Critical thinking
st

Creativity
Excellence
Core Values Linguistic Competence
Critical Thinking
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
B. Printed:
Dividina, D.J. (2017). Towards Effective Oral Communication for Senior High School.
1624-1626 España Blvd. cor. Don Quijote St. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.

Padilla, M.M, (2016). Speak Right and Make a Difference: Oral Communication in Context
for Senior High School. 105 Engineering Road, Araneta University, Potrero, Malabon
City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

Peña, A.R. (2016). Oral Communication. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City: Vibal
Group, Inc.

TOPIC: PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

INTRODUCTION:
Hello students. We are down to the fourth week of the second quarter. I hope that you are still
with me and are still inspired to study despite the mode of learning that we have now.
In this lesson, we are going to discuss the Principles of Speech Delivery. If you can still
remember, we are done discussing the principles of speech writing and you have experienced writing a
speech. Now, our focus is on the delivery which is an essential component of Oral Communication.
You will be given activities that requires you to speak fluently in preparation for your
performance task. Don’t worry because you will be guided by the discussion that this module has. Let’s
begin.

Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:

1. Identify the principles of speech delivery and in the given situations; and
2. Apply effective use of principles of speech delivery focusing on articulation,
modulation, stage presence, facial expressions, gestures, and movements, rapport with
audience, and appropriate use of visual aids.

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic about COMMUNICATION: its nature, process, elements, and
functions.

What I Want to How I Can Learn

What I Know What I Have Learned
Find Out More

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTION/ FOCUS QUESTION:

15
 Below is the key guide question that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer it at the end of the week.

1. What are the different principles of speech delivery?

SIMPLE EXERCISE/DRILL

Motivational Activity

Read the pronunciation poem below in front of a mirror then notice the way you pronounce
the words and your delivery as well. Try to record it in your phone then assess your
performance after the discussion.

English Pronunciation Poem

I take it you already know

of tough and bough and cough and dough.
Others may stumble, but not you,
On hiccough, thorough, lough and through.
Well done! And now you wish, perhaps,
To learn of less familiar traps.

Beware of heard, a dreadful word

That looks like beard and sounds like bird.
And dead – it’s said like bed, not bead.
For goodness sake, don’t call it deed!
Watch out for meat and great and threat.
They rhyme with suite and straight and debt.

A moth is not a moth in mother,

Nor both in bother, broth in brother,
And here is not a match for there,
Nor dear and fear for pear and bear.
And then there’s dose and rose and lose
Just look them up — and goose and choose.
And cork and work and card and ward.
And font and front and word and sword.
And do and go, then thwart and cart.
Come, come I’ve hardly made a start.
A dreadful language? Man alive,
I’d mastered it when I was five!
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C8648&selectedIndex=0&idpp=overlayview&ajaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0

CONTENT DISCUSSION

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

Having written a relevant and well-organized speech is not enough; you must also be able
to deliver it well for it to be effective. Otherwise, your well-written speech will be for naught. A speech
is best delivered with clear and correct articulation and well-enunciated words in a properly modulated
voice. A good delivery also requires a good command of the stage through appropriate clothing,
gestures, body movement, and other non-verbal cues. In addition, a good speaker makes use of
appropriate audiovisual aids to facilitate comprehension, appreciation, and retention of information.
Finally, a good delivery calls for rapport with audience.
Keep in mind the following principles of effective speech delivery: articulation, modulation,
stage presence, facial expressions, gestures and movements,
and rapport with the audience and appropriate use of
audiovisual aids.

16
1. Articulation- According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, articulation is "an act, process, or means of
putting something into words" or "the clear and accurate pronunciation of words especially in public
speaking."
Sometimes, faulty microphones, poor facilities, and a noisy environment make the speech hard to
understand. But being able to pronounce your statements properly helps you to be understood by your
audience.
https://www.google.com/search?

Moreover, articulation can also mean being able to q=speech&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjpspT30sPxAhUE0ZQKHVvgAa0Q2-

cCegQIABAA&oq=speech&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECAAQQzIHCAAQsQMQQzIHC
AAQsQMQQzIKCAAQsQMQgwEQQzIECAAQQzIECAAQQzIHCAAQsQMQQzIEC
articulate your ideas properly on a discourse level. This means AAQQzIKCAAQsQMQgwEQQzIKCAAQsQMQgwEQQzoECCMQJzoCCAA6CAgA
ELEDEIMBOgUIABCxA1DK8gVYvfkFYJL_BWgAcAB4AIAB-

that, aside from the microlevel of pronunciation or the manner gGIAeUJkgEFMC4zLjOYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei

=RqPeYOn3KISi0wTbwIfoCg&client=firefox-b-d#imgrc=lqHR3c03wtNJmM
in which you enunciate sounds in every syllable, you should
also be able to translate your ideas into words, sentences, and paragraphs that are coherently arranged to
make a point. The patterns of organization, which were discussed in the previous module, can help you
articulate your ideas properly.
Big Idea….Proper delivery starts with confidence. However, you must bear in mind that confidence is different
from rude boldness.

2. Modulation- According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, to

modulate your voice amount is "to change the sound of voice) by
making it quieter, higher, lower, etc." It also means “to change or
adjust (something) so that it exists in a balanced or proper amount.
Modulation is therefore achieved by changing the tone or pitch of
your voice to convey various nuances of meanings when you
speak. For instance, you modulate in certain ways when you say
"yes" to answer a question and when you use it to ask a person
what he or she wants. At the same time, it is achieved by speaking https://www.bing.com/images/search?
view=detailV2&ccid=ArHwusqv&id=94942C8DA2949DB4C49CE5
at just the right tone and pitch so that your voice is pleasant to the 5C018A2D5FB16E6A44&thid=OIP.ArHwusqvoobuTQxgmw8_Tw
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modulated voices? They have to hone their skills of inflecting their jaxhist=0&ajaxserp=0

voice pitch or tone so that they can pronounce words clearly and sound good to their listeners. No one
likes to listen at length to a high-pitched, shrill, or squeaky voice as this hurts the ears. Practice will
make your voice sound better. Listen to good examples of modulated voices to learn the difference and
start inflecting your own voice and pitch to sound better.
3. Stage Presence- According to Dictionary.com, stage
presence is the ability to command an audience with
impressive style or manner.
Some people seem to command attention by just
showing up onstage. They are good-looking or physical
imposing so people cannot help but notice them. Even if you
do not possess these physical traits, you can still command
https://www.bing.com/images/search?
attention and have stage presence by grooming, dressing up,
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d=OIP.dN0XtDbwoVZm6ndo1JP9yAHaEo&mediaurl=https%3a%2f%2fth.bing.com%2fth%2fid and most importantly, speaking well. You can develop an
impressive style of speaking so that your audience cannot
help but can develop an impressive style of speaking so that your
audience cannot help but listen to you. Your voice should sound
good and your command of the language must be excellent. Your
knowledge of the topic should be credible and extensive. These are
but a few of the things that you can enhance in order to have a
strong stage presence.
4. Facial expression – This is a gesture executed using the facial
muscles. Your face reveals a lot about what you think or how you feel. It is your most basic visual aid.
Without words, you can still convey your gladness or regret in delivering a speech. Your face also

17
shows your enthusiasm or lack of interest in the topic, audience, or occasion. Be very careful about how
your face looks in front of other people. Be conscious, too, of what facial expression accompanies your
words. You cannot fake enthusiasm. If you do not feel happy about what you are going to talk about,
you probably chose the wrong topic or you probably should not be delivering the speech at all. In any
case, do not show displeasure to your audience or anything that might be seen as rude or offensive.
Instead, animate your face to show a sincere desire to share your message and inspire enthusiasm in your
audience. Smile and allow various emotions to show in your eyes.
5. Gestures – These refer to movements or positions of the hands, arms
body, head, or face that express ideas, opinions, emotions, among others.
Just like facial expressions, gestures can communicate more than
your words do. Use gestures and body movements to call attention to
ideas, to emphasize words, and to highlight a point, among others.
However, too many gestures and body movements, might be seen as
theatrical and insincere and could even distract https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=k
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serp=0

6. Rapport with the audience- This refers to a speaker's

connection with his or her audience. This connection is
characterized by harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity.
Here are some ways to establish rapport with the audience:
a. Take time to greet them and make them feel that
you are glad to speak in front of them and grateful
for their time and attention.
b. Compliment them on their effort, attention,
cooperation, appearance, and so on.
https://www.bing.com/images/search? c. Involve them; interact with them. Ask them
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e. Talk to them like a friend, but always be polite

to them.
Remember that rapport is important even in other communication situations and contexts. It is always
advisable to make your first impression lasts.
7. Audiovisual aids – These are devices such as films, video and
audio clips, slide presentations, models, and blackboard notes
that accompany spoken messages to help the audience
comprehend, appreciate, and retain information better.
Audiovisual aids help not only in catching and keeping the
attention of the audience, but also in supporting and clarifying
your message. Hence, make sure you use appropriate audiovisual
aids that will help you achieve your purpose in delivering your
speech. Video and sound clips, pictures, tables, charts, graphs,
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slide presentation are examples of visual aids that can help you
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18
 ESSENTIAL LEARNING
To give justice to a well-written speech, you must clearly and accurately articulate
your
SIMPLE message by pronouncing words clearly and correctly in a well-modulated voice. As
EXERCISES/DRILLS
you speak, it helps to ensure that your facial expressions, gestures, and body movements
complement and enhance your verbal message. With good grooming and appropriate
clothing, your use of voice, language, and nonverbal communication skills would help
you command a stage presence that demonstrates confidence in your credibility and your
message. You should also aim to develop good rapport with your audience not only to
encourage them to listen to your message but also to ensure a pleasant and lively
experience with them. To achieve such an experience, draw your audience into your
speech by talking to them sincerely, good-naturedly, and politely, rather than simply
stating your message. Finally, deliver your message with appropriate and well-prepared
audiovisual aids to help your audience easily grasp, appreciate, and retain the content of
your speech. Practicing articulation and enhancing your communication skills will always
be useful in your endeavors in life that require social interaction, whether minimal or
extensive. If you speak clearly, fluently, and engagingly in whatever language you choose
to communicating, more opportunities will come your way in the form of jobs and
successful social relations.

19
Exercise 1. Answer the following short response test to assess your learning.

1. Why are content and delivery important for effective communication?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which is more important in speech delivery, the physical attributes or the vocal attributes? Explain
your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

3. How important are gestures to speech delivery?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

REVISED KNOWLEDGE

1. What are the different principles of speech delivery?

 Articulation
 Modulation
 Stage Presence
 Facial Expression
 Gestures
 Rapport with the Audience
 Audiovisual aids
GENERALIZATION
This week, we have learned the most important lesson that we should be familiar of, The
Principles of Speech Delivery. We say most important because our subject is Oral Communication
meaning, we should be able to communicate orally. The different principles of speech delivery are:
1. Articulation- According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, articulation is "an act, process, or means of
putting something into words" or "the clear and accurate pronunciation of words especially in public
speaking."
2. Modulation- According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, to modulate your voice amount is "to
change the sound of voice) by making it quieter, higher, lower, etc." It also means “to change or adjust
(something) so that it exists in a balanced or proper amount.
3. Stage Presence- According to Dictionary.com, stage presence is the ability to command an audience
with impressive style or manner.
4. Facial expression – This is a gesture executed using the facial muscles. Your face reveals a lot about
what you think or how you feel. It is your most basic visual aid.
5. Gestures – These refer to movements or positions of the hands, arms body, head, or face that express
ideas, opinions, emotions, among others.
6. Rapport with the audience- This refers to a speaker's connection with his or her audience. This
connection is characterized by harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity.
7. Audiovisual aids – These are devices such as films, video and audio clips, slide presentations,
models, and blackboard notes that accompany spoken messages to help the audience comprehend,
appreciate, and retain information better.

20
 WEEK 5: SPEECH ANALYSIS

The learners realize the rigors of crafting one’s speech.

Content Standard
The learners proficiently deliver various speeches using the principles
Performance Standard
of effective speech delivery.
Most Essential Learning Explain that a shift in speech context, speech style and communicative
Competencies (MELCs) strategy affects the content and delivery.
Communication
21 Century Learning Skills Critical thinking
st

Creativity
Excellence
Linguistic Competence
Core Values
Critical Thinking
Confidence
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Dividina, D.J. (2017). Towards Effective Oral Communication for Senior High School.
1624-1626 España Blvd. cor. Don Quijote St. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.

Padilla, M.M, (2016). Speak Right and Make a Difference: Oral Communication in Context
for Senior High School. 105 Engineering Road, Araneta University, Potrero, Malabon
City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

Peña, A.R. (2016). Oral Communication. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City: Vibal
Group, Inc.

TOPIC: SPEECH ANALYSIS (The Gettysburg Address)

INTRODUCTION:
Hello students. To check whether you understood the past discussions or not, an activity
will be given to you. Watch the video presentation of the speech or you may just use the speech
provided for you as your basis in answering the questions. Let’s start.

Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:

1. Define speech analysis
2. Identify the components of the speech
21
 3. Analyze a speech based on the content and delivery.

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

Directions: Fill out the K-W-H-L chart below with necessary details about speech.
What I Want to How I Can What I Have
What I Know
Find Out Learn More Learned

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.

1. What is speech analysis?

2. 2. What are the components of the speech?

CONTENT DISCUSSION

What is speech analysis?

In its simplest form, speech analysis or speech interpretation can be said to be the process of
extracting important pieces of information that are contained in a speech. When carrying out speech
analysis, there is usually a need to take note of some essential and necessary components of the
Speech. These include;

1. Analyzing the purpose or intent of the Speech

For instance, a speech may be written to entertain the audience with some humorous lines, persuade the
audience into thinking or agreeing with the opinion of the Speaker, or to inform the audience about
something which the Speaker is skilled in.

2. The target audience and how the Speech relates to them

Also of paramount importance during speech analysis is taking note of who the target audience is, and
how the Speech relates to the audience.

For instance, when analyzing a speech that was delivered to support the need for a pay rise in an
organization, in that case, it will be expected that the audience listening to such a speech will be
members of staff of the organization who are clamoring for a rise in their pay.

And in the above situation, the Speech is expected to contain some specific wordings, examples, dates,
and anecdotes that relate to the audience.

3. The effective and validity of the Speech 

Finally, when carrying out speech analysis, another core aspect to consider is the effectiveness
and validity of the Speech to see whether or not it contains relevant and important proofs such as
examples, statistics, facts, and dates to back the claims contained the Speech.

Still using the same above example about a speech about a pay rise in an organization, the Speaker may
have to include facts such as the agreed terms for a pay rise in the organization. 

With that, such a speech would be said to have concrete facts and evidence to support its claims and the
need for it.
22
Although a speech can be written and presented in more ways than one, every Speech usually shares
three basic elements in common. These elements include;

 The Introduction of a Speech

The introduction of a speech is one of the most important elements of a speech since it is usually
designed to grab the attention of the audience, either with a hook, a preview of what the Speech is all
about, a joke, a controversial statement, a startling statistics, why the Speech is important, or a powerful
visual.

Introducing a speech with such powerful elements is an excellent way to give the audience reasons why
they should listen to the Speaker, instead of starting with a dry “hello everyone, it’s a great privilege to
talk to you today.”

Due to the ultimate role which the introduction of a speech plays, making the right choice of other key
elements such as body language, words, and other visuals to usher in a speech are all very important to
make the introduction of a speech achieve its goal.

 The Body of a Speech

After the introduction comes the body of a speech, which is the part that contains the Speaker’s main
points. These points are usually expected to be supported with relevant examples, details, statistics, and
facts, which are explained in simply and concisely.

In the body of a speech, the Speaker should make necessary effort to ensure that all the facts and pieces
of evidence presented in the Speech aligns with the primary objective of the Speech. As mentioned
earlier, these facts and proofs should all be presented in a simple and clear language for the
understanding of the audience.

 The Conclusion of a Speech

The concluding part of a speech also packs as much power as the other two parts mentioned earlier. 

In the conclusion section, the Speaker makes a substantial effort to remind the audience of the major
points made in the Speech and then ends the Speech with thought-provoking words that will motivate
the audience to respond to the final call to action in the Speech.

Also, in the conclusion of a speech, the Speaker should be concise about what he expects from the
audience, whether it is for a petition to be signed, requesting their support, for a product to be bought, or
for some other specific actions from the audience as contained in the Speech. 

How to Analyze and Interpret a Speech? 9 Key Questions to effective speech Analysis.

When analyzing a speech, there are usually some things, precisely nine questions that you must consider
for effective speech analysis.

However, when analyzing a speech, don’t feel satisfied by merely outline these nine important questions
in the Speech and answering them. Instead, there should be a complementary explanation or example of
how these nine key questions work using a speech as an example. So, in analyzing a speech, here are the
9 key questions you must give appropriate answers to for effective speech analysis.

1. Who is the Speaker?

In analyzing a speech, you have to consider who is the Speaker, and how the Speaker’s rank, position,
personal views, motives, or experience affect the Speech.

2. Who is/are the Audience?

23
In this case, you have to consider who are the members of the audience. By so doing, you will have to
look closely to know whether or not the audience are the people who are directly affected or needs the
message conveyed by the content of the Speech.

3. What is the Type of Speech?

By considering the type of Speech under analysis, you try to dig deeper to know the motive or intent of
the Speaker for the Speech. 

In this regard, the Speech delivered might be one that is intended to inform or educate the audience,
entertain, or even persuade the audience to take certain steps of action.

4. What is the Structure of the Speech?

By analyzing the structure of the Speech, you are to consider how the Speech is being structured by the
Speaker. In this case, you are required to analyze whether or not the Speech was well-structured into an
introduction, a body and a conclusion.

Also worthy of note about the structure of a speech during analysis is checking to see whether or not
there is a governing or central idea that is being captured in every bit of the Speech.

5. What is the Purpose of the Speech?

Like I mentioned earlier, every Speech is usually aimed at achieving a purpose. For some, the purpose
might be to persuade the audience, entertain, or even to open the eyes of the audience about a piece of
information they are yet to know.

With this, it is therefore very important to consider the purpose of a speech to know the mission of the
Speaker when carrying out speech analysis.

6. What is the Content/Circumstances of the Speech

In evaluating the content and circumstances of a speech, you consider the events that have created the
need for the Speech. In doing this, you may have to pay closer attention to specific elements such as;  

 Where the Speech is taking place, and how the choice of the geographical location of the
Speech affects the acceptance of the Speech by the audience
 When the Speech is being delivered. This is very important because there might a special time
or event that is currently going on, which may serve as the best time to deliver such a speech.
 Why is the Speech being delivered? In this case, you look at the reason why the Speaker is
giving a speech, and by so doing, you also consider the expectation of the Speaker from the
Speech.

7. What are the Techniques used by the Speaker?

Techniques employed by the Speaker are usually the various modes of persuasion, in which the Speaker
adopts. These techniques are also known as rhetorical appeals, and they are ways of persuading the
audience to believe the Speaker’s point of view.

As a way of swaying the audience to buy the Speaker’s point of view, a speaker may adopt Aristotle’s
mode of persuasion known by the names;

 Ethos – persuading the audience through the credibility, authority, experience, and personality of
the Speaker   
 Pathos  – persuading the audience by creating an emotional response, which may either fear,
happiness, or sadness through a convincing story or an impassionate plea.
 Logos – persuading the audience through the use of logic, figures, facts, and data in a speech.

24
Also, very important when analyzing a speech is looking out for the use of stylistic devices such as the
use of contrast in a statement, repetition (the rule of three using triads), irony, or even imagery by the
Speaker.

8. Is the Intention of the Speech Achieved?

By analyzing a speech to see whether or not it has achieved its purpose, you may have to carry out some
evaluations to ascertain if the Speech was successful.

In doing this, you may have to consider whether or not a speech;

a.  Affected/impacted the target audience

b. Fit into the occasion which it was delivered
c. Is convincing
d. Use of ethos, pathos, and logs was balanced
e. The argument is valid or solid.

9. What is the overall result of the analysis of the Speech?

After a thorough evaluation of a speech, you should be able to come up with a complete summary of the
speech analysis outcome. Obviously, this will come as a result of the analysis of the various parts and
components of the Speech as mentioned by the various questions above.

SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS

Exercise 1. Answer the following shortly but intelligently.

1. How do you analyze or interpret a speech?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

REVISED KNOWLEDGE

1. What is speech analysis?

Speech analysis or speech interpretation can be said to be the process of extracting
important pieces of information that are contained in a speech.
2.What are the components of the speech?

The components of the speech include: intent of the speech, the target audience, and the validity of the
speech

GENERALIZATION

There are 9 key questions that you should remember when planning to analyze a speech:
1. Who is the Speaker?
2. Who is/are the Audience?
3. What is the Type of Speech?
4. What is the Structure of the Speech?
5. What is the Purpose of the Speech?
6. What is the Content/Circumstances of the Speech
7. What are the Techniques used by the Speaker?
8. Is the Intention of the Speech Achieved?
9. What is the overall result of the analysis of the Speech?

25

Content Standard
Performance Standard
Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELCs)
21st Century Learning Skills
Core Values
WEEK 6-7: PERFORMANCE TASK
SPEECH DELIVERY
The learners realize the rigors of crafting one’s speech.
The learners proficiently deliver various speeches using the principles
of effective speech delivery.
Explain that a shift in speech context, speech style and communicative
strategy affects the content and delivery.
Communication
Critical thinking
Creativity
Excellence
Linguistic Competence
Critical Thinking
Confidence

REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Dividina, D.J. (2017). Towards Effective Oral Communication for Senior High School.
1624-1626 España Blvd. cor. Don Quijote St. Sampaloc, Manila: St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.

Padilla, M.M, (2016). Speak Right and Make a Difference: Oral Communication in Context
for Senior High School. 105 Engineering Road, Araneta University, Potrero, Malabon
City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.

Peña, A.R. (2016). Oral Communication. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City: Vibal
Group, Inc.

26
 TOPIC: PERFORMANCE TASK (SPEECH DELIVERY)

INTRODUCTION:
Hello students. We are now on the last two weeks of your second quarter. As an
application of all your learnings, you are tasked to do the performance task which is the speech delivery.
You are given two (2) weeks to accomplish this activity since we all know that making your own speech
is not that easy and it takes a lot of time. You may use the intended time for you to write your own
speech and then deliver it. Do not worry because you will be guided by your teacher in doing this
activity and the instructions are clearly stated. Congratulations and Good luck!

Below is the Learning Target/ Specific Objective:

1. Deliver a speech observing the principles of speech writing and delivery.

PERFORMANCE TASK: SPEECH DELIVERY

Your school is about to hold a conference regarding Press Freedom in the Philippines. You are
tasked to deliver an informative speech regarding the issues of Rappler, Philippines’ leading digital
media company, in recent years. Your audience will be composed of the school’s editorial staff and the
school paper adviser. In preparation for this presentation, you are to draft an outline of your speech
showing your opening and concluding sentences and the three main points you will discuss. For the oral
presentation itself, you are expected to deliver a coherent, engaging speech in a well-modulated voice
and with appropriate gestures and facial expressions. 100pts.

Follow the given guidelines:

1. Brainstorm an emerging challenge, problem, or threat in your locality that can serve as a topic
for your informative speech.
2. Based on the principles of speech writing, make a two to three-minute speech focusing on THE
topic above. You are free to use any references like the internet, books, magazines, newspapers,
etc.
3. Read and analyze the content of your speech.
4. Your final output should be written in the given spaces below.
5. Finalize your speech for the presentation as this will be a memorized speech.
6. Please be guided by the rubric for evaluation provided below.

RUBRIC FOR ORAL PRESENTATION

Category Scoring Criteria VGE GE SE LE N

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ideas are arranged logically.
Organization Appropriate organizational pattern is observed
Transitions are smooth
Content is relevant and well-developed
Purpose is well-defined
Content Main points are stated clearly
Pieces of information are sound and supported
with valid and credible sources
Introduction captures listener’s attention
Speech is ended effectively with a review of the
main points
Voice is modulated and is well-adjusted to
27
 audience size
Fillers are avoided
Verbal Pauses are effectively used
Rate or speed of speaking is appropriate to
audience size
Words are pronounced and enunciated well
Eye contact is established and maintained.
Speaker is prepared and confident.
Distracting movements or mannerism are
Non-verbal provided.
Gesture, posture and facial expression are
expressive, dynamic, and natural.
Attire is appropriate.
Mastery of the speech is evident.

28