ORAL

COMMUNICATI
ON
Ma’am Diana
 1. Communicative
Strategies
Review 2. Method of
Organization
Topics 3. Speech Style
Quarterly 4. Main Purpose of the
Author
Assessment 5. Principles of Effective
Speech Writing
6. Tools of Effective
 01
Communicative
Strategies
 Nomination
usually used at the beginning of the
interaction to set the purpose of the
conversation

speaker tries to open a topic with the people

he is talking to
 Nomination
Examples:

● Good morning, class. How are you today?

● Is it raining in your area?

 Restriction
 used in constraining the reaction or response within
a define set of categories

 useful when narrowing down a listener’s response

to an expected set of answers

 prevents the conversation from going off topic

 Restriction
Example:

● We will have 30 minutes of online discussion

regarding the topic on Pandemic and Mental
Health. An additional 10 minutes will be allotted
for your questions and related concerns.
 Turn-Taking
 used to establish and sustain a productive
conversation

 recognizing when and how to speak when it is

one’s turn

 used to avoid participants talking over one another

that may cause conflicts
 Turn-Taking
 provides persons equal opportunity to say their
piece

 watch out for the verbal and non-verbal cues that

signal the next speaker that the previous speaker
has finished talking

 employ visual signals like a nod, a look, or a step

back
 Turn-Taking
Example:

● (Clicked the raise hand button) Can I please add

something to the discussion?
 Topic Control
 used in keeping the conversation going on by
asking questions that requires a response from the
listener

 allows the other participants to take turns,

contribute ideas, and continue the conversation
 Topic Control
Example:

● That was an excellent point, Arlene! How about the

rest of the class? You may put your responses on
the jam board link found on the chat box, or you
may simply click the raise hand button and share
your thoughts.
 Topic Shifting
 introducing a new topic followed by the
continuation of that topic

 works best when there is a follow through so that a

new topic continues to be discussed

 use effective conversational transitions to indicate

a shift
 Topic Shifting
Example:

● By the way, in addition to what I have already mentioned, it

is dangerous to go out, especially that the Delta COVID-19
variant is here! But even if we practice physical distancing,
we should not stop to socialize with our friends and family
members via phone calls or social media applications.
 Repair
 overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible
messages

 includes these strategies:

 Requesting clarification

 Not acknowledging the new situation

 Topic shifting

 Repeating

 Recasting
 Repair
Example:

● We definitely should practice social distancing, I

mean, physical distancing to become safe during
this pandemic. Can anyone restate the difference
between these two terms?
 Termination
 ends the interaction by using verbal and nonverbal
messages that the participants send to one another

 may include a handshake or walking out

 Termination
Examples:

● Thank you ….
● Okay, all done…
● See you later on our following online meeting
schedule
 02
Method of
Organization
 1. Problem-Solution
2. Categorical/Topical
Methods of 3. Chronological

Organizati 4. Comparison and

Contrast
on 5. Spatial/Geographical
6. Causal
 - explains the
problem and
Problem- suggests a possible
Solution solution

Example:
Cleaning up Laguna
de Bay
 - divides the topic into
subtopics based on the
Categorica importance or interest value
or simply because the topic

l / Topical requires it

Example:
Importance of promoting
the Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle program
 - historical or time approach
which is from the past to the
present; presents idea in
Chronologi time order

cal Example:
The significant development
of the province of Laguna
from Spanish period to
present
 - presents similarities
and differences of two
Compariso or three points

n and Example:
Comparison between
Contrast living in the city and life
in the province
 - going from one place
to another, from one
Spatial / direction to another

Geographi Example:
Traveling around the
cal wonders of Batanes
islands
 - discussion of both
cause and effect of an
issue
Causal
Example:
The Fish Kill in Laguna
de Bay
 - describes a person’s
life
Biographic Example:
al The Life Story of
Manuel L. Quezon
 03
Speech Style
 Formal Intimate

Speech
Casual
Style Frozen

Consultative
 Intimate Frozen
 speaker talks to  formal gathering
family members, such as ceremonial
best friends or events, Eucharistic
romantic partners celebrations or even
court hearings
 private conversations
or personal  “set” or “fixed” and
interactions thus, it rarely or
never changes
 Consultative Casual
 speaker  speaker shares close
communicates with a and personal
person whom he/she information with
may have to clarify friends, classmates
things, discuss a or colleagues
problem, or seek
advice  ordinarily occurs in
everyday life
 Formal
 speaker has to deliver a
pre-planned or written
speech to address a
crowd of people such as
giving opening remarks
during a seminar, or the
president making a
public announcement or
delivering SONA
 04
Main Purpose of
the Author
 What are our give
responsibilities as
information
participants in any convince
communication
process?
people
provoke
laughter
 give To inform
information
convince To persuade
people
provoke To entertain
laughter
 05
Principles of
Effective Speech
Writing
 1. Audience Profile
Principles of 2. Logical
Effective Organization
3. Duration
Speech 4. Word Choice
Writing 5. Grammatical
Correctness
 Audience Profile
- it helps you build a
connection between you and
members of your audience
 Audience Analysis
Age Bracket
Gender
Educational Background
Place of Residence (city, town,
province)
Marital Status
Language spoken
Religious Affiliations/Beliefs
 Logical Organization
- all aspects of your writing
that help the reader move
smoothly from one sentence
to the next, and from one
paragraph to another
 1.
Parts of Introduction
Speech 2. Body
3.
Conclusion
 Introduction Functions
presents the main idea 1. You should be able to
of your speech gain audience attention
most crucial part of and interest.
the speech
10 to 15 percent of the 2. It states the purpose
time the speaker of your speech.
spends speaking
 Functions
3. It establishes your 5. It should give the
credibility. preview of the main
idea of your speech.
4. It should provide
reasons for your
audience to listen.
 Body
- offers definitions, examples,
or any information that can
help you convey your intent
and clarify the main concept
of your speech.
 Conclusion
- reiterates the main idea;
summarizes the entire
speech.
 Strategies in Strategies in
Writing Writing
Conclusion
Present a GoConclusion
back to the
summary strategy used in the
introduction
Repeat the key
Signal the end of
ideas presented your speech
Repeat the End with an impact
central idea for
Ways to End with Ways to End with
an Impact an Impact

 Thought-  A call for action

provoking  A connection to a
questions larger context
 Humor
 Quotation
 Duration
- the time and length of your
speech; always divide it into five
parts: an introduction, the body
(paragraph 2, paragraph 3, and
paragraph 4) and a conclusion
 Duration
Introduction: 2 minutes (250 words)
Body: Point 1: 5 minutes (625 words)
Point 2: 5 minutes (625 words)
Point 3: 5 minutes (625 words)
Conclusion: 3 minutes (375 words)
Total word count: 2,500 words (20 minutes)
 Word Choice
- speaker should carefully use the correct
word in writing the speech; use of
conversational language helps put the
audience feel at ease and creates a
special bond between the speaker and
the audience
 1. Jargons or
Words to avoid technical terms
in Written specific only
Speech
(Tandoc 2016)
for a group of
people
 2. Redundancy
Words to avoid or excessive
in Written repetition of
Speech
(Tandoc 2016)
words
Words to avoid 3. Language
in Written inappropriate
Speech for the
(Tandoc 2016) audience
Words to avoid 4. Language
in Written inappropriate
Speech for the
(Tandoc 2016) occasion
 Grammatical Correctness
- prevents misunderstanding and
misinterpretation between you and the
audience; good command of the
language helps listeners understand you
quickly
 06
Tools of
Effective Speech
Delivery
Tools for 1. Articulation
2. Modulation
Effective
3. Stage Presence
Speech 4. Facial
Delivery Expression
 Articulation
 how well and precisely you form
vowels and consonants using your
lips, tongue, jaw, and palate to
form the sounds to speak
 includes diction and enunciation
 Modulation
- controlling or adjusting the tone or
volume of voice as you try to lower
your voice to a loud whisper in order
to get the attention of your audience
as they find your message more
appealing, dramatic and mysterious.
 Stage Presence
- ability to get and secure the audience's
interest in listening to him / her through
his or her presentation style
- ability to keep his poise, posture,
gestures, and movements since they may
make or break the presentation
 Facial Expressions
- communicate various types of
emotions which reflect the
speaker’s moods and personality
traits.
 Gesture Movement
arm and hand whole body
movements movement