DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

a. define simple and compound proposition

b. distinguish simple proposition to compound proposition
c. evaluate the truth value of simple and compound propositions

II. SUBJECT MATTER

a. TOPIC: Propositions
b. REFERENCES : General Mathematics Book
c. MATERIALS: chalkboard, visual aids
d. VALUES INTEGRATION: cooperation

III.PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

A. PREPARATION ( daily routine)
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Attendance

B. MOTIVATION ( RIDDLES )
 Kevin, Joseph and Nicholai are 3
brothers, if the following statements are
true, which of them is the youngest?
Kevin is the oldest. Nicolai is the youngest among the three of them.
Nicolai is not the oldest.
Joseph is not the youngest.
Answer: option A
 If the first two statements are true, the - Because the first two statements are true.Raspberries are the
third statements is: most expensive of the three.
Blueberries cost more than strawberries.
Blueberries cost less than raspberries.
Raspberries cost more than strawberries
and blueberries.
a. TRUE
 b. FALSE
 Rover weighs less than Fido. Answer: option a
Rover weighs more than Boomer. - According to the first two statements, Fido weighs the most
Of the 3 dogs, Boomer weighs the least. and boomer weighs the least.
If the first two statement are true, the
third statement is
a. TRUE
b. FALSE

Ok, very good.

C. PRESENTATION

Based from the activity that you have done,

how did you come up with your answers?
- Through logical thinking ma’am.
And what did you observe?

That’s right. Thus, true or false has something - We observe that the riddle involves true or false.
to do with our topic right now which is all about
propositions.

D. LESSON PROPER
- Is a statement in declarative form which expresses a single
What is proposition class? and complete idea, and bears either truth or falsity.

Very good! Proposition is a declarative

sentence that is either true or false but not both.
If a proposition is true, then its truth value is
true, which is denoted by T; otherwise, its truth
value is false which is denoted by F.

Example of Propositions:
 The weather is hot.
 Ana is dancing.  Five is greater than four.
 All even numbers are multiples of 2.
Now, who can give me another example of
propositions?
Ok, very good!
No ma’am, your statement was a command therefore, it is not a
Class, if I am going to ask Mr.____ to kindly proposition.
get my eyeglass in the faculty room, does my
statement implies a proposition?

That’s right! Question’s, commands and

exclamatory sentences are not propositions.
Yes ma’am.

Do you understand what a proposition is?

If yes let’s move to the kinds of proposition.

TWO KINDS OF PROPOSITIONS

There are two kinds of propositions, the simple

and compound propositions.

-It is a proposition with only one subject and one predicate.

What is simple proposition?

-Subject is a part of sentence that contains a person or thing
performing the action or verb in a sentence.
Yes, that’s right and what is a subject class?

-Modifies a subject or it shows what a subject is acting.

How about predicate?

Example;
 SWA students are courteous.  The students know their responsibilities.

Ok class, kindly give me an example of simple

propositions. -It is a proposition wherein two simple propositions are
combined together by connectives like, “and”, “or”, “not”,
Very good, what about compound proposition? “if...then...” and “if and only if”.

Example:
Maria likes mathematics or she likes English.  I will have my lunch if and only if I finished my
assignment.
Ok, give another example of compound
proposition?

Now, let’s move to the types of compound

propositions.

TYPES OF COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS

Types of connectors Examples Component

There are five types of compound propositions; propositions propositions

these are: conjunction, disjunction, conditional, Conjunction And Plato and Plato is a
philosopher.
biconditional and negation. Aristotle are
philosophers Aristotle is a
philosopher.
Conjunction- is a compound proposition which Disjunction Either, or Either I pass I pass logic.
consist of two proposition joined by the logic or I do
connective ‘and’. not I do not pass
Disjunction- is a compound proposition which logic.
consist of two proposition joined by the Conditional If...then.... If a figure is A figure is a
connective ‘or’. a square, square.
Conditional - is a compound proposition which then it has
consist of two proposition joined by the four sides. It has four
connective ‘if and then’. sides.
Biconditional- is a compound proposition Biconditional If and I will go to I will go to the
which consist of two proposition joined by the only if the party if party if Juan
connective ‘if and only if’. and only if will go.
Negation- gives a proposition its opposite truth- Juan will
value. go. I will go to the
party only if
Juan will go.
Negation not I will sleep. I will not sleep.

I do not like I like pizza.

pizza.

Yes ma’am.
Class, do you understand?

Now let’s proceed to the truth values of Simple

and Compound propositions

TRUTH VALUES OF SIMPLE AND

COMPOUND PROPOSITION
Types of example Possible truth values
Ok, in simple proposition, there are only two proposition
possible truth values, whether it is true or false. Simple Tacloban True False
propositions City was
devastated
by the
typhoon
Yolanda

FOR COMPOUND PROPOSITION:

* let p and q be the propositions.

CONJUNCTION
-is true if both the conjuncts (p,q) are true: otherwise, the
What is conjunction?
conjunction is false.
SYMBOL( ^ )
EXAMPLE :
p q p^q
P: Plato is a Philosopher. - TRUE
Q: Aristotle is a Philosopher. - TRUE T T T
p ^ q : Plato and Aristotle were Philosophers.- T F F
TRUE
F T F
F F F

p: The number of girls in HUMMS 5 is 12.-FALSE

q: The number of boys in HUMMS 6 is 25.-FALSE
p ^ q : The number of girls in HUMMS 5 is 12 and the number
of boys in HUMMS 6 is 25.- FALSE
DISJUNCTION
What is disjunction? - is true if at least one of the disjuncts are true. This means that
a disjunction is only false if both disjuncts are false.
Example: SYMBOL( v )
P: All numbers are integers FALSE
Q: √ 3 is an integer. – FALSE
P v q : All numbers are integers or √ 3 is an
integer. - FALSE

P q Pvq
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
 p: SWA is a private school.- TRUE
q: TNHS is a Catholic school.- FALSE
P v q: SWA is a private school or TNHS is a Catholic
CONDITIONAL School.- TRUE
- what is conditional.

- Becomes false only if the antecedent(p) is true, and the

consequent (q) is false.
What is antecedent?

-Antecedent is the component proposition that comes

What is consequent?
after the word if.
-it comes after the word then
SYMBOL: ( → )
Example :
P Q P→ Q
p: Sol spends more time in studying. -TRUE
q: She will get a better grade. - TRUE T T T
p→ q:If Sol spends more time in studying, then T F F
she will get a better grade.- TRUE
F T T
F F T

p: Anna is from Pinukpuk..- TRUE

q: Her province is Apayao..- FALSE
p→ q:If Anna is from Pinukpuk, then her Province is
Apayao.- FALSE
BICONDITIONAL
What is biconditional?

Example:  The whole biconditional is true if its component

p: An angle is right angle if the measure of its
angle is 180°. - FALSE proposition have the same truth values.
q: An angle is right angle only if the measure SYMBOL( ↔ )
of its angle is 180°.- FALSE
p↔q: An angle is right angle if and only if the p q p↔q
measure of its angle is 180°- TRUE T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T

p: A student will be a dean’s lister if he/she has a

general average of 85 % and above.- TRUE
q: A student will be a Dean’s Lister only if he/she has
general average of 85 % and above.-TRUE
p↔q: A student will be a Dean’s Lister if and only if
NEGATION he/she has an average of 85% and above. –TRUE
Class, what is negation?

* two basic quantifiers in negating.

Quantifiers – include the words such as all,
some, every, no, and there exists. -A compound proposition which gives a proposition its
opposite truth-value.

 Universal quantifier “ all” “ every”,

“NO” P ¬p
T F
 Particular quantifier “some” , “there
exists” F T

a. All Filipinos are hospitable.

- negate an ‘all’ statement by changing the Some Filipinos are not hospitable.

quantifier to some. b. Some chairs are wooden.

-negate a ‘some’ statement by changing the No chairs are wooden.

quantifier to 'all’ or ‘no’ c. A hexagon has six sides.

A hexagon does not have six sides.
Example:
All strands have math subject.
Some strands do not have math subject.

IV. GENERALIZATION
Do you understand our lesson
about propositions class?

Are there any questions?

Yes ma’am.

Ok if none, what is the

difference
between simple propositions and
compound propositions?
And what are those connectives?
None ma’am.
Simple propositions consist of only one subject and
one predicate while compound propositions are
statements which can be separated into two simple
statements and joined by connectives.

‘and’, ‘or’, ‘if and then’ , if and only if’, and ‘not’
V. APPLICATION
Identify which of the following are propositions
and classify each propositions as simple and
compound.
1. The sum of two prime numbers is even.
2. Is it raining?
3. Thee moon is made of green cheese.
1. The sum of two prime numbers is
4. Come to the class!
even.PROPOSITION - simple
5. Addition holds closure property.
2. Is it raining?NOT PROPOSITION
6. One will succeed if and only if he will
3. Thee moon is made of green cheese. PROPOSITION-
do his best in achieving his goals.
simple
4. Come to the class! NOT PROPOSITION
5. Addition holds closure property.PROPOSITION
6. One will succeed if and only if he will do his best in
achieving his goals. PROPOSITION- compound

VI. EVALUATION

Determine the truth value of each proposition.For compound propositions ,construct a truth table
then write the component propositions ,connectors and identity their truth value.

1. A Filipino is proud of his/her identity.

2. Water scarcity will be a problem if and only if water resources are scarce.
3. If a person is convicted of plunder, then he/she must be punished.
4. Either Philippines or China owns the Ayungan Shoal.
5. I work quickly and careful.
 6. If you don’t wear matching socks in your interview, then you don’t get hired.
7. If triangles have 3 vertices, then circle have 180°.
8. Baguio is the summer capital of the Philippines and Manila is the capital of the
Philippines.
9. Filipinos are Asians and Ji Chang Wook is a Filipino.
10. 4 + 2 = 7 if and only if 2+ 5=7.
11. Today is Sunday and the shop is closed.
12. It is not true that New York is the largest state in the United States.
13. 4 is a perfect square.
14. SWA is in Bulanao and STS is in Dagupan.
15. This course is challenging and I am studying hard.

VII. ASSIGNMENT

Convert the following statements into symbolic form.

Let p, q, and r be the propositions.

1. I am not free.
2. If it is sunny, I’ll go climbing.
3. I’m free, but it is not sunny.
4. I’ll go climbing only if I am free and it is sunny.

PREPARED BY:
MS. HI-JAY ANGELIKA ANDRES

CHECKED BY:
MR. DONALD B. DULAN, LPT