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INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE
‘’ INCREASINGTHE ABILITYWRITINGSHORTSTORIESTHROUGH
METACOGNITIVESTRATEGIES ‘’
BY:
LECTURER:
2021
PREFACE
First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished writing the
paper entitled “IDEA CHANGES” right in the calculated time. The purpose in writing
this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mrs Rani Fairuz introduction to
literature. in arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstructions
but with help of many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. writer also realized
there are still many mistakes in process of writing this paper.because of that, the
writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process of writing this paper.
Hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you all.the writer realized tha this paper still
imperfect in arrangment and the content. then the writer hope the criticism from the
readers can help the writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least Hopefully,
this paper can helps the readers to gain more knowledge about introduction to literature.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................... 2
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER I ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 5
A. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................................... 6
A. IDEAS .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
CLOSING ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
A. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................. 9
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................................. 10
SUMMARY
1Danial, E, & Warsiah. (2009). Scientific Writing Methods. Bandung: Citizenship Education
Laboratory.
2 palace. (2012). 58 Innovative Learning Models. Medan: Media Persada. page 1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
Teachers as one of the determinants of educational success who act as
educators and as people who provide knowledge to their students must really
understand the concept of professionalism. Therefore, teachers have a great
responsibility in shaping students' learning experiences. In addition to mastery of the
material, the form of a teacher's responsibility is also the use of strategies, models or
learning patterns that are in accordance with the demands of the applicable
curriculum, namely by using innovative learning strategies with the potential to develop
students' metacognitive abilities and cognitive outcomes. This is based on one of the
demands of the curriculum in learning English so that students master various
concepts and develop knowledge,
Metacognition is knowledge about self-learning or about how to learn (Mc
Cormick, 2003 in Slavin, 2009)3 . Thinking ability and study ability are examples of
metacognitive skills (metacognitive skills). Metacognition refers to the awareness and
monitoring of one's thoughts and work, or more simply: thinking about your thoughts
(Flavell, 1979)4. Metacognition consists of two main groups, namely knowledge
metacognition and regulation of metacognition. Metacognitive knowledge refers to
knowledge of conditions such as knowledge of skills and work strategies that are
good for learners how and when to use these metacognitive skills and strategies.
Metacognitive regulation refers to activities that control one's thinking and learning
such as planning, monitoring understanding, and evaluation (Schraw and Dennison,
1994)5. According to Daniel (2010)6, the involvement of metacognitive aspects in the
learning process is one of the aspects of the knowledge dimension that are important
in regulating and controlling cognitive processes carried out by students in learning
and thinking, so that learning and thinking are carried out more nicely, conducive,
effective, and provide positive responses so that more effective learning strategies are
needed, namely making students are more active in the learning process.
B. PURPOSE
1. To find additional solutions to increase children's interest in learning
6 Danial, E, & Warsiah. (2009). Scientific Writing Methods. Bandung: Citizenship Education Laboratory.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. IDEAS
There are three metacognitive strategies that can be developed, namely as follows:
In this case, the portion between theory is not balanced with practice. So, to
minimize these obstacles, several innovations are needed in the selection of learning
media that are more creative and relevant to the subjects to be delivered. One of the
media that is considered suitable for short story writing material is audio-visual
learning media. Its complex nature will make it easier for students to understand how
to write well, increase students' imagination, and lead students to think critically,
analytically, and systematically.
Includes the process of estimating the time needed to complete learning tasks,
planning time in the form of a schedule and determining the priority scale in learning,
organizing subject matter, taking appropriate steps to learn using various learning
strategies.outlining, mind mapping, speed reading, and other learning strategies).
a) Teachers must prepare lesson units first and then choose audio-visual media
that are relevant to the material to be taught.
b) The teacher must know the duration of the use of audio-visual media.
teacher should reflect and ask questions with students to find out their level of
understanding.
CLOSING
A. CONCLUSION
According to Istarani (2012:1)8, The learning model is a whole series of
presentations of teaching materials which includes all aspects before and after the
teacher learning is carried out and all related facilities are used directly or indirectly in
the teaching and learning process. One of the learning methods that can improve
students' ability in writing short stories is the application of metacognitive strategies.
The application of metacognitive strategies is very effective in learning to write short
stories. This metacognitive strategy can improve students' ability to write short stories
because this learning method can stimulate students' activeness in understanding the
concept of short story writing.
B. SUGGESTION
The author is fully aware that this paper still has many errors and is far from
perfect. Therefore, to improve the paper, the writer asks for constructive criticism from
the readers.
Danial, E, & Warsiah. (2009). Scientific Writing Methods. Bandung: Laboratory Civic
education.
palace. (2012). 58 Innovative Learning Models. Medan: Media Persada. Cornick. Mc
and Tiffin, 2003. Performance Management. Alphabeta, Bandung.
Flavell, JH 1979. Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-
developmentalinquiry: American Psychologist.
Schraw, G. (1998). Promoting General Metacognitive Awareness. Instructional
Science, 26,pp. 113-125.
Danial, E, & Warsiah. (2009). Scientific Writing Methods. Bandung: Laboratory Civic
education.