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    East Timor declared independence from Portugal in 1975, but was then invaded and occupied by Indonesia for two decades. During this time, there was widespread conflict and an estimated 102,800 deaths. In 1999, East Timorese voted overwhelmingly for independence from Indonesia in a UN-sponsored referendum. In retaliation, anti-independence militias organized by the Indonesian military killed 1,400 Timorese and destroyed much of the country's infrastructure as they forcibly displaced 300,000 refugees. East Timor was recognized as an independent nation in 2002 but remains one of the poorest in Southeast Asia with high unemployment and illiteracy.

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    East Timor declared independence from Portugal in 1975, but was then invaded and occupied by Indonesia for two decades. During this time, there was widespread conflict and an estimated 102,800 deaths. In 1999, East Timorese voted overwhelmingly for independence from Indonesia in a UN-sponsored referendum. In retaliation, anti-independence militias organized by the Indonesian military killed 1,400 Timorese and destroyed much of the country's infrastructure as they forcibly displaced 300,000 refugees. East Timor was recognized as an independent nation in 2002 but remains one of the poorest in Southeast Asia with high unemployment and illiteracy.

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    3 views1 page

    Grey Modern Journal Article Page

    Uploaded by

    kween
    East Timor declared independence from Portugal in 1975, but was then invaded and occupied by Indonesia for two decades. During this time, there was widespread conflict and an estimated 102,800 deaths. In 1999, East Timorese voted overwhelmingly for independence from Indonesia in a UN-sponsored referendum. In retaliation, anti-independence militias organized by the Indonesian military killed 1,400 Timorese and destroyed much of the country's infrastructure as they forcibly displaced 300,000 refugees. East Timor was recognized as an independent nation in 2002 but remains one of the poorest in Southeast Asia with high unemployment and illiteracy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    TRADE AND

    COLONIZATION
    East Timor declared itself independent from
    Portugal in 1975, but was invaded by
    Indonesia. The country was later
    incorporated as a province of Indonesia.
    During the subsequent two-decade
    occupation, a campaign of pacification
    ensued. Although Indonesia did make
    substantial investment in infrastructures
    during its occupation in East
    Timor,dissatisfaction remained widespread.
    From 1975 to 1999, there were an estimated
    102,800 conflict-related deaths
    (approximately 18,600 killings and 84,200
    'excess' deaths from hunger and illness), the
    majority of which occurred during the
    Indonesian occupation.
    In 1999, in a UN-sponsored referendum, an
    overwhelming majority of East Timorese
    voted for independence from Indonesia.
    Immediately following the referendum, anti-
    independence Timorese militias – organised
    OIL ACCOUNTS FOR AROUND 49% OF and supported by the Indonesian military –
    TIMOR'S EXPORT REVENUES. TIMOR'S commenced a scorched earth campaign. The
    OTHER EXPORTS INCLUDE COFFEE, militias killed approximately 1,400 Timorese
    BOOKS, AIRCRAFT PARTS, ELECTRONIC and forcibly pushed 300,000 people into
    APPLIANCES AND SANDBLASTING West Timor as refugees. The majority of the
    MACHINES. TIMOR'S MAIN EXPORT country's infrastructure was destroyed
    PARTNERS ARE SINGAPORE, GERMANY, during this attack. The International Force
    CHINA, TAIWAN, INDONESIA, MACAO, for East Timor (INTERFET) was deployed to
    MALAYSIA AND SOUTH KOREA. (EAST the country and brought the violence to an
    TIMOR EXPORTS, 2022) AGRICULTURE IS end. Following a United Nations-
    THE MAIN ACTIVITY IN TIMOR-LESTE, administered transition period, East Timor
    PROVIDING SUBSISTENCE TO ABOUT 80 was internationally recognised as an
    PERCENT OF THE POPULATION. IT ALSO independent nation in 2002. It is the poorest
    GENERATES AN AVERAGE OF 90 country in Southeast Asia with a 20%
    PERCENT OF THE EXPORTS, MAINLY unemployment rate, and approximately one
    COFFEE. MOST FARMERS PRACTICE third of the population is illiterate.
    SUBSISTENCE FARMING, PLANTING AND
    HARVESTING WHAT THEY NEED FOR A
    SIMPLE LIFE-STYLE, COLLECTING WILD
    FOODS AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINES,
    AND THE ANIMALS ARE VERY MUCH
    LEFT FREE TO GROW AND REPRODUCE.

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