PRECALCULUS

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ANGLES AND ANGLE MEASUREMENT

DIRECTIONS: Study the given illustrative examples and answer the exercises that follow.
DAY 01
Illustrative Examples
Draw the following angle measures.

a. 45ᵒ b. 90ᵒ c. 150ᵒ

d. 400ᵒ e. 180ᵒ f. 0ᵒ

Solution:
Use the positive side of the x-axis as the initial side and a protractor as an instrument.

a. b.

45ᵒ 90ᵒ

c. d.

400ᵒ
150ᵒ

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 e. f.

180ᵒ
0ᵒ

KEY CONCEPT/S

In trigonometry, angles will be discussed in different perspective. Angles will be

thought of as any amount of rotation generated when a ray is rotated about its endpoint,
hence, the necessity to label the sides of an angle.

The direction of rotation of a ray also affects angle measure. If the rotation of the
ray is counterclockwise, a positive angle is formed. If the rotation of the ray is
clockwise, a negative angle is formed.

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 EXERCISE 2.1

Draw the following angle measures.

1. 30ᵒ 6. -90ᵒ

2. - 30ᵒ 7. - 330ᵒ

3. 60ᵒ 8. -180ᵒ

4. 130ᵒ 9. 540ᵒ

5. 60ᵒ 10. -380ᵒ

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 DAY 02
Illustrative Examples
Determine whether each angle is in standard position.
.
a. b.
y y

x
x B
A

c. y d. y

C x x
D

e. y f. y

E F
x

Solution:
a. ∠𝐴 is not in standard position; its initial side does not lie on the positive side of the x-axis.
b. ∠𝐵 is an angle in standard position.
c. ∠𝐶 is an angle in standard position.
d. ∠𝐷 is an angle in standard position.
e. ∠𝐸 is an angle in standard position.
f. ∠𝐹 is not in standard position. Its vertex is not at the point of origin.
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KEY CONCEPT/S

An angle is said to be in standard position if its vertex is at the point of origin of

a Cartesian coordinate plane, and its initial side is along the positive side of the x-axis.

y terminal side

x
initial side

A quadrantal angle is an angle in standard position whose terminal side lies on

the x- or y-axis.

y y

x x

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 EXERCISES 2.2

A. Determine whether each angle is in standard position or not.

1.___________ 2. _____________
y
y

x x

3.__________________ 4.____________________ 5. __________________

y
y y

x
x x

B. Draw the following angles in standard position.

1. 27ᵒ 6. -30ᵒ
2. 65ᵒ 7. -270ᵒ
3. 110ᵒ 8. -130ᵒ
4. 380ᵒ 9. -360ᵒ
5. 720ᵒ 10. -750ᵒ
DAY 03
Illustrative Examples
Determine the measure of the smallest positive angle coterminal with the given angle.
a. 42ᵒ b. 108ᵒ
c. -213ᵒ d. 635ᵒ
Solution: Add or subtract as many times necessary to obtain an angle whose measure is
greater than 0ᵒ.
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a. 42ᵒ + 360ᵒ = 402ᵒ b. 108ᵒ + 360ᵒ = 360ᵒ
y y

180ᵒ x
42ᵒ
402ᵒ
x
468ᵒ

c. -213ᵒ + 360ᵒ = 147ᵒ d. 635ᵒ -360ᵒ = 275ᵒ

y
y
275ᵒ
147ᵒ x
x
635ᵒ

-213ᵒ

KEY CONCEPT/S

Coterminal angles are angles that are both in standard position and have the
same terminal sides.
y y

A C
x x
B D

∠𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑢𝑡 ∠𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐷 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑁𝑂𝑇.

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 EXERCISES 2.3

Determine the measure of the smallest positive angle coterminal and draw the given angles.
1. 27 ᵒ 6. 135ᵒ
2. 92ᵒ 7. 351ᵒ
3. 200ᵒ 8. 270ᵒ
4. -349ᵒ 9. - 175ᵒ
5. -45ᵒ 10. -180ᵒ
DAY 04
Illustrative Examples
Find the reference angle of the following
a. 42ᵒ b. 221ᵒ c. 113ᵒ d. -410ᵒ.

Solution: Add or subtract 180ᵒ as many as possible to get an acute angle.

a. Since 42ᵒ is an acute angle, the reference angle is itself.
Reference angle = 42ᵒ y

42ᵒ
x

b. For angles whose terminal side in quadrant 3, subtract as many factors of 180ᵒ from the
given angle.
y
221ᵒ - 180ᵒ = 41ᵒ
221ᵒ x
Reference angle = 41ᵒ 41ᵒ

c. For angle whose terminal side lies in quadrant 2, subtract the given angle from 180ᵒ, or
multiple of 180ᵒ, as the case may be.
180ᵒ - 113ᵒ = 67ᵒ y
Reference angle = 67ᵒ
67ᵒ 113ᵒ x

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d. |−410° + 360°| = 50° y

-410ᵒ
x
50ᵒ

KEY CONCEPT/S

The reference angle for a given angle is the positive acute angle formed by the terminal
side of the given angle and the x –axis.
y

A
R x

If ∠𝐴 is the given angle, ∠𝑅 is its reference angle.

The table below will facilitate the process of finding the reference angle R of a
given angle 𝜃

Location of 𝜽 If 𝜽 > 𝟎, 𝒎∠𝑹 is If 𝜽 < 𝟎, 𝒎∠𝑹 is

I 𝜃 for acute angle 𝜃 or 𝜃 − 360𝑛 |𝜃 + 360𝑛|
for 𝜃 in Q1 that is greater than
360ᵒ
II 180n - 𝜃 |𝜃 + 180𝑛|

III 𝜃 − 180𝑛 |𝜃 + 180𝑛|

IV 360n - 𝜃 |𝜃 + 360𝑛|

Where n is a positive integer

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 EXERCISES 2.4

Determine the reference angle and draw the given angle in standard position.
1. 28ᵒ
2. 135ᵒ
3. 205ᵒ
4. -42ᵒ
5. -142ᵒ
6. 82ᵒ
7. 155ᵒ
8.355ᵒ
9. -99ᵒ
10. -365ᵒ

_________________
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