BABASAHIN HINGGIL SA KASAYSAYAN REVIEWER
KABULUHAN AT HALAGA NG
KASAYSAYAN
What is history?
It is a continuous and a systematic
narrative past events as relating to a
particular people, country, period, person,
etc. Usually written as a chronological
account; chronicle or records, Studies the
past and the legacies of the past in the
present
Prominent Filipinos continuously
conduct their research
Renato Constantino - According to him,
Philippine History is a story of struggle
Felipe Landa Jocano - An Anthropologist
and disputed Henry Otley Beyers theory.
Teodoro A. Agoncillo - Filipino
Historian, History deals with the past, not
with the future. We use history to avoid
the mistakes of the past, not to recreate
the very same events. You cannot.
PRIMARYANG BATIS
Pangunahing sanggunian sa pag-aaral ng
kasaysayan, mga bagay na naglalaman ng
impormasyon na galing mismo sa mga
bagay o tao na pinag-uusapan sa
kasaysayan.
URI NG PRIMARYANG BATIS
(NAKASULAT) - Dokumento na
naglalaman ng mga ulat ng kaganapan,
tala, opinyon, pananaw, at damdamin ng
may-akda.
Talaarawan - Diary o journal, ang mga
ito ay naratibo ng mga kaganapan na
inakda ng mga tao na mismong nakaranas
at nakasaksi samga pangyayari.
Awtobiograpiya - Talambuhay na
isinulat ng may-akda na pumapatungkol
sa kanyang sarili.
Liham - Sulat ng may-akda na naglalaman
ng mensahe, pananaw o damdamin na
nais niyang iparating sa taong
kinauukulan.
Diyaryo/Pahayagan - Dokumento na
inilathala at inilimbag kaalinsabay ng mga
isyung panlipunan, kaganapang pulitikal,
pang-ekonomiko at panlipunan.
Memoir - Naglalarawan ng mga
pangyayari habang bumabanggit ng
kanyang sariling kuro-kuro ang may-
akda. Ipinapaliwanag ng may-akda ang
isang kaganapan sa paraang naratibo
gayundin ang paglalahok niya ng kanyang
opinyon base sa kanyang paniniwala.
Mga Ulat - Opisyal na dokumento ang
mga ulat na nanggaling sa isang grupo ng
tao na naglalayong maghatid ng
impormasyon ukol sa isang partikular na
kaganapan.
Mga Talumpati - Pahayag na binigkas sa
mga mahahalagang okasyon, pagtitipon,
gawaing panrelihiyon o pulitikal.
Opisyal na mga Dokumento - Gampanin
ng pamahalaan ang maglathala ng mga
opisyal na dokumento na naglalaman ng
mga mahahalagang kalatas, anunsyo o
mandato.
Mga Kasunduan - Kasunduan na
nilagdaan ng mga pinuno ng pamahalaan
o ng mga samahan.
(‘DI – NAKASULAT) - Ito ay maaaring
ginamit ng mga tao sa isang partikular na
panahon at mga ebidensya ng pag-iral ng
isang tao at pangyayari.
Artipakto - Tinatawag ding liktao na
halaw sa aklat ni Prop. Zeus Salazar,
bagay na nahukay ng mga arkeologo mula
pa sa unang panahon na ginamit at
hinubog ng tao ayon sa kanilang kultura.
Relikya - Ito ay mga labi ng mga bagay na
may buhay gaya ng tao, hayop, halaman at
iba pa.
Kasaysayang Oral - Ito ay ang mga sali’t
saling pahayag, kwento, o salaysay na
maaaring tiyak o hindi tiyak ang
pinagmulan.
Larawan at dibuho - Ito ay bunga ng mga
likha ng tao sa pamamagitan ng dunong at
teknolohiya. Ebidensya ang mga larawan
sa pagpapatibay na ang mga tao ay
naroon nga sa binabanggit na lugar o
pagtitiyak na naganap nga ang isang
pangyayari.
SEKONDARYANG BATIS
Lathalain na nakaangkla sa mga tala at
impormasyon halaw sa primaryang batis.
Binibigyang-diin dito ang pagsangguni ng
mga sekondaryang batis sa mga
primaryang batis bilang pinagmulan ng
mga ito.
Mga Repositoryo ng mga Primaryang
Batis
The National Archive of the Philippines
The National Library of the Philippines
The National Historical Commission of the
Philippines
Ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ay hindi
lamang natatapos sa kung ano at sino ang
mga nakapaloob dito. Mas mahalagang
pagtutuunan ng pansin kung paano ito
naka- apekto sa nakaraan, naka-aapekto
sa kasalukuyan at makaaapekto sa
hinaharap at kung paano natin maiiwasan
ang mga di kanais-nais na kaganapan sa
hinaharap. Nagbibigay ng malawakang
pang-uwa ng kaisipan sa mga kabataan
upang mamulat sila sa lumipas na
katotohanan na nag-uugnay sa
makabagong kabihasnan
Ang pinakapunto ay: sa panahon na
nakakalimot tayo sa kung ano ang ating
identitad bilang isang nasyon, sa panahon
ng kalituhan at ligalig, ang magpapaalala
sa’tin na higit sa mga makamundong
bagay , sa modernong panahon o sa mas
mabibigat na suliraning panlipunang
hinaharap sa kasalukyan—tanging ang
KASAYSAYAN ang makapaglilinaw at
makakapagtukoy ng pinanggalingan at
solusyon sa mga ito.
 Unang misa sa Pilipinas
Naganap ang unang misa sa Pilipinas
noong araw ng Linggo ng Pagkabuhay,
Marso 31, 1521 sa isang pulo ng Mazaua
ayon sa mga saksing sina:
Antonio Pigafetta
Isang Italyanong iskolar at aristokratang  Ikalawa, ang tinatawag na “Unang Misa sa
ipinanganak sa Vicenza ng Veneto
Gines de Mafra - Isang Portuges o
Espanyol na explorer na tumulak sa
Pilipinas noong ika-16 na siglo.
Francisco Albo - Isang boatswain at
navigator ng barko ni Ferdinand Magellan
na Trinidad.
Martín de Ayamonte - Tinawag din sa
kanyang Portuges na pangalan na
Martinho de Aiamonte, ay isang
apprentice seaman sa Armada de Molucca
sa ilalim ng utos ng Portuges na marino
na si Ferdinand Magellan.
sa lokasyon na malawakang tinatawag sa
ngayon bagaman may kamalian bilang
Limasawa, isang maliit na pulong bayan
sa dulo ng lalawigan ng Katimugang
Leyte, na sinasabi ring pinagsilangan ng
Romanong Katolisismo sa bansa.
Pinagdausan ng Unang Misa
Limasawa isang maliit na pulo ang
Limasawa na sakop ngayon ng lalawigan
ng Leyte at mahalaga sa kasaysayan dahil
dito nagpunta si Ferdinand Magellan
pagkaraang unang dumaong at
mamahinga sa “Homonhón” noong
Marso 1521.
Dalawang mahalagang pangyayari ang
naganap sa Limasawa
Una, ang pakikipagsandugo ni Magellan sa
pinuno ng isla na si Raha Kulambu.Ito ang
unang sandugo ng isang Filipino at ng
isang Españ ol.
-
Filipinas” noong Linggo ng Pagkabuhay,
31 Marso 1521.
Isinagawa ang misa ni Fray Pedrode
Valderrama sa baybayin ng isla.
Pagkatapos iniutos ni Magellan ang
pagtitirik ng isang malaking krus sa
ituktok ng isang burol na nakaharap sa
dagat. Sa mga tala ni Antonio Pigafetta,
isinulat niyang “Mazaua” ang pangalan ng
pulo. Iginiit ng ilang mananaysay na ito
rin ang “Masagua” na binanggit sa
ekspedisyon ni Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
sa Butuan. pagkatapos ng pagsusuri sa
mga lumang mapa at dokumento, isang
monograp ni Fr. Miguel Bernad noong
1981 ang naglinaw na isang pagkakamali
ang tradisyong Butuan at ang Limasawa
ang tunay na tinutukoy ni Pigafetta na
“Mazaua.” Pinagtibay ito ng pag-aaral ni
William Henry Scott noong 1982 kung
paano nagsimula ang pagkakamaling sa
Butuan naganap ang Unang Misa.
Bakit mahalaga ang unang misa sa
limasawa? – Ang misa ay isang gawain ng
mga katoliko na kung saan ay naglalaan
ng isang patitipon sasimbahan upang
magbigay ng isang oras sa Diyos upang
magpasalamat, humingi ng tawad at iba
pa. Ang malaman kung saan ito unang
naganap ay isang napakahalagang parte
ng kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Ang “Site of
the First Mass” ay nangangahulan na ito
ang lugar na kung saan ay unang naganap
ang unang misa o kaya mass sa Pilipinas.
Restraction of rizal to his anti caltholic
ideas
Before he was shot, Rizal signed a
document stating that he was a Catholic
and retracted all his writings against the
church and the document were as “The
Retraction”. Moreover, Rizal’s retraction
letter was discovered by Father Manuel
Garcia, C. in 1935 at the Catholic
hierarchy’s archive in Manila.
Rizal shot At 7 a.m. on December 30,
1896 at Luneta, Manila. The 35-year-old
patriot was shot in the back by a firing
squad. He hesitated, turned halfway
around to face his executioners, and fell
on his back to face the Philippine sun.
What did Rizal say after being shot?
Rizal shouted, “Consumatum est!” (It is
finished!). When the bullets hit their
mark, Rizal made a last effort to turn
around, thus, falling lifeless with his back
on the ground, his face to the sky. Another
soldier gave the body a “tiro de gracia” --
one last shot to make sure Rizal was dead.
Why did they shoot Jose Rizal?
He was executed by the Spanish colonial
government for the crime of rebellion
after the Philippine Revolution broke out;
it was inspired by his writings.
What happened after Rizal’s death?
But his death meant much more for the
Filipinos. It sparked the revolution in the
country against the Spanish government,
which ruled Las Islas Filipinas (now the
Philippines) from 1565 to 1898. Rizal
inspired the nation to be born. This year
(2011) marks the 150th anniversary of
Rizal’s death.
What is the main idea of the retraction
document of Rizal?
The retraction of Jose Rizal is one of the
controversial issues in our Philippine
History. The issue of Jose Rizal was his
alleged retraction which was all about
his reversion to the Catholic Faith and all
other issues linked to it.
What is the issue about Jose Rizal
retraction?
The document of the retraction of Jose
Rizal, too, is being hotly debated as to its
authenticity. It was supposed to have
been signed by Jose Rizal moments before
his death. There were many witnesses,
most of them Jesuits. The document only
surfaced for public viewing on May 13,
1935.
What is the implication to the Catholic
Church if Rizal did not retract?
If Rizal retracted, he would not have been
executed. But he was executed; therefore
Rizal did not retract. He would have been
an example for the cause of the friars; he
would have been given a decent Christian
burial, not buried like a dead dog outside Significance and Relevance
Paco Cemetery.
 Nag ugat ang pag aalsa sa
Ang Pag-aalsa sa Cavite pagpataw ng Gobernador-Heneral
Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutiérrez ng
Facts / Events
personal na buwis.
Ika-20 ng Enero Taong 1872  Nakasaad sa buwis ang
pagbabayad ng salapi at
200 sundalo at obrerong (manggagawa) pagbibigay ng Polo y Servicio
Pilipino ang nag alsa sa (Sapilitang Pagtratrabaho)
 Magsisimulangapoy sa Tondo
Fuerza San Felipe (FortSanFelipe), ang
upang mabaling ang atensyon ng
Arsenal ng Espanya sa Cavite
awtoridad habang inaatake ang
11 Españ olna opisyal ang pinaslang Fuerza San Felipe
 Ginamit ito upang supiliin ng
Pinamunuan ng isang mestisong sarhento pamahala ang kolonyal ang mga
na si Fernando La Madrid ang pagaalsa. Pilipinong makabayan at
Ang mga paputok mula sa Intramuros humihingi ng reporma sa
noong gabing iyon ang inaasahang hudyat pamahalaan.
ng pagaalsa.  Naging batayan upang isakdal at
bitayin ang tatlong paring Pilipino
Ang kanilang nakita at sinunod ay isa na sina Mariano Gó mez, José
lamang pagpapaputok para sa Burgos at Jacinto Zamora
pagdiriwang ng pistang Birhenng Loreto, (GOMBURZA)
ang patron ng Sampaloc.  Nagbunga sa pagkabuhay ng
nasyonalistang kilusan laban sa
Isang pulutong ng mga sundalo sa
pamahalaang kolonyal para sa
pamumunò ni Heneral Felipe
inaasam na kalayaan
Ginoves ang lumusob sa moog ng  Tinandaan ng mga patriyota ang
SanFelipe. pagbitay sa mga pari bilang
pruwebang kalupitan ng mga
Dinesarmahan ang lahat ng sundalo sa mananakop na naging ugat ng
arsenal at ipinatapon sa Mindanao. Himag sikang 1896
Maraming mariwasa at ilustrado ang
nadawit sa pag-aalsa

Dinakip at nilitis ang tatlong paring

Pilipino bago bitayin sa harap ng publiko
noongika 15 ng Pebrero taong 1872
(GOMBURZA).
 SINO ANG UNANG PANGULO NG
REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS?
AGUINALDO O BONIFACIO?
ANG UNANG PANGULO NG REPUBLIKA
NG PILIPINAS ay si Emilio Aguinaldo,
ipinanganak noong Marso 22/23, 1869,
malapit sa Cavite, Luzon, sa Pilipinas.
isang Pilipinong rebolusyonaryo,
estadista, at pinuno ng militar na opisyal
na kinikilala bilang una at pinakabatang
pangulo ng Pilipinas at unang pangulo ng
isang republikang konstitusyonal sa Asya.
Isang pinunong pilipino at politiko na
unang lumaban sa Espanyol at kalaunan
laban sa Estados Unidos para sa kalayaan
ng Pilipinas.
Paano naging pinuno ng rebolusyon si
Emilio Aguinaldo?
Dahil sa kagustuhan at pananabik na
ipaglaban ang layunin ng kasarinlan ng
Pilipinas, ang Unang Republika ay
maaaring matunton pabalik sa
Rebolusyon ng 1896, na pinamunuan ng
Katipunan, isang lihim na organisasyon
na may istraktura na pinadlaran ng
Freemasonry, na may layuning makamit
ang kalayaan para sa Pilipinas.
Upang malutas ang mga tunggalian sa
pagitan ng dalawang paksyon ng
Katipunan—ang Magdalo, na tumingin
kay Emilio Aguinaldo bilang pinuno nito,
at ang Magdiwang, na sumuporta kay
Andres Bonifacio—ang Tejeros
Convention ay ginanap noong Marso 22,
1897. Ang resulta ay isang desisyon na
buwagin ang Katipunan at maglagay ng
rebolusyonaryong pamahalaan. Nanalo si
Emilio Aguinaldo sa halalan bilang
pangulo, habang si Andres Bonifacio, ang
dating pinuno ng Katipunan, ay nanalo sa
halalan para sa direktor ng interior.
Bumuo si Bonifacio ng bagong
administrasyon at idineklara na hindi
wasto ang mga pamamaraan ng Tejeros
Convention. Itinuring ito ng iba bilang
isang taksil na pag-uugali, at si Bonifacio
ay inakusahan ng pagtanggi na kilalanin
ang bagong tatag na Rebolusyonaryong
Gobyerno. Siya ay dinala sa kustodiya at
hinatulan ng kamatayan sa Maragondon,
Cavite.
Noong Disyembre 1897 ay lumagda siya
sa isang kasunduan na tinatawag na
Kasunduan ng Biac-na-Bató kasama ang
gobernador heneral ng Espanya Isusuko
ni Aguinaldo ang kaniyang gobyerno at
itigil ang digmaan kapalit ng $800,000
(Mehikanong salapi) bilang kapalit.
Pinirmahan ito noong Disyembre 14 at
15,1897. Noong Disyembre 23, umalis sila
sa Pilipinas papuntang Hong Kong para
lumikas. Ang dala nilang $400,000 (unang
installment) ay dineposito sa mga bangko
sa Hong Kong. Kasunduan sa mga Kastila
bilang kapalit ng pagkatapon sa Hong
Kong - 400k pesos (pagkatapos ay
ginagamit ito sa pagbili ng mga advanced
na baril na may mga bala)
Ano ang inspirasyon ni Emilio
Aguinaldo?
Jose Rizal, whose life and work ay higit sa
anupaman ang naging inspirasyon ng
ating pambansang rebolusyon—na
nagdulot ng
proklamasyon ni Heneral Emilio
Aguinaldo ng kalayaan mula sa Espanya.
Ang pinakamahalagang tagumpay ng
Diktatoryal na Pamahalaan ni Aguinaldo
ay ang proklamasyon ng Kalayaan ng
Pilipinas sa Kawit, Cavite, noong Hunyo
12, 1898.
Early Dwellers in the Philippine
Archipelago
Henry Otley Beyers was born on July 13,
1883 in Edgewood, Iowa. An American
anthropologist behind the "wave
migration theory"
Wave Migration Theory- concludes that
the Philippine archipelago was populated
by a series of migrants.
Dawnmen- Also called as "cavemen"
because they live in caves. They resemble
Java man, Peking man, and other. Asian
Home Sapiens which existed about 250,
000 years ago.
Negritos (Aeta/Ati) - Referred to as
"pygmy" meaning "little people" for they
stand small compared to the height of
normal people. They also have dark
complexion and very curly hair. They
lived and thrived through hunting, fishing,
and bartering goods found in the forest.
Indones- They were more advanced than
the Aetas. Consists of two groups; the first
group came from South-East Asian part of
the continent, have fair complexion, well-
built in body size, deep-shaped eyes, and
pointed nose. The second group have
darker complexion, round body-built,
thick lips, round-shaped eyes, and
crooked nose.
Malays - Last to migrate to the
Philippines through their big boats
(Balangay).
Has a form of government and society
classification:
Barangay - basic unit of settlement
Datu - leader (chief) of balangay or the
entire one tribe
Maharlika - the noble class
Timawa - the free people
Alipin - the slave classes of society
Pre-Colonial Religion, Superstitious
Beliefs, Philippine Writing, Dance and
Music
Pre-colonial- It is defined as occurring or
existing before the beginning of colonial
rule. It includes the religion, superstitious
beliefs, Philippine writing, dance, and
music before they were influenced by
other countries.
Religion- Archaeological finds, including
Hindu-Buddhist gold statues, are some of
the nearest pieces of evidence. Animism,
indigenous beliefs, and mythologies such
as Anito, and influences from Hinduism
and Buddhism are all present.
Animism - Animism is comes from the
Latin Word anima which means breath,
spirit, or life. They believed that
everything, from rocks and trees to
animals and humans to natural
phenomena, has a spirit. These spirits are
known as anito, which is derived from the
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian*qanitu and
Proto-Austronesian *qaNiCu ("spirit
of the dead"). ancestors, nature
spirits, nymphs, Diwata believers are
called animist they believe that the world
is inhabited by super naturals and spirits.
Buddhism - Buddhists believe that
enlightenment, or nirvana, can be
achieved by meditation, hard work—both
physically and spiritually good conduct.
Buddhists also hold that human life is one
of suffering. Three acts of goodness are:
doing good deeds, speaking of good
words, and thinking of good thoughts -
believers are called Buddhists. -
Siddhartha Gautama was the first person
to reach this state of enlightenment and
was, and is still today, known as the
Buddha.
Islam - Muslims are monotheists who
believe in a single, all-powerful god
known as Allah in Arabic. Muslims strive
to lead lives that are totally submissive to
Allah. Allah, Arabic Allā h (“God”), the one
and only God in Islam believers are called
Muslims was introduced in the
Philippines in 14 th century. 5 pillars:
Shahada, Salah, Zakah, Saum, Hajj
Superstitious Beliefs in the Philippines
a belief that certain events or things will
bring either good or bad luck. A belief or
way of behaving based on fear of the
unknown and faith in magic or luck.
Tawas- An albularyo is a person who is
knowledgeable about herbal medicines
and spiritual techniques. When an
individual falls ill and fails to recover for a
long amount of time, they are frequently
called in by the "pagtatawas" Witch
doctors often use a candle and let its wax
drip on a bowl of water.
Tikbalang- a half-horse creature said to
lurk in the Philippines' mountains and
rainforests.
Pagpag- The word wake means to shake
off the dead person's spirit. In the
Philippines, it means to go somewhere
else after the wake and not return home.
Superstitions surrounding wakes are still
widely practiced by Filipinos today in
many parts of the world.
Philippine Writing
Most ethnolinguistic groups in the
Philippines had folk tales, epics, poems,
and chants that were passed down from
generation to generation by word of
mouth. One example is Biag ni Lam-ang
(Life of Lam-ang) of the Ilocanos narrates
the adventures of epic hero, Lam-ang.
Baybayin (to spell) was the pre-colonial
writing system in the Philippines.
Music and Dance
Music in pre-colonial dance was always
accompanied by dance. Music and dance
have a lot of meanings when done. it is to
celebrate event, tells a story, shows scene
on everyday life, for worship and imitate
animal movements.
Example is Idaw, Dugso Dance, Salip,
Banga dance, Manerwap, Binaylan Banog
 Social Classes in Barangay
What is social class?
Social classes are sets of social hierarchy
based on resources, power, and authority.
This forms inequality to the status of the
people. Barangay is used to be their form
of government.
Maginoo/Datu
The Datu (lit. are the royal blooded which
is the leader of the barangay consisting of
100-500 persons. The nobility of the Datu
will be passed down to the eldest son or a
relative if he has none, and vice versa if
there is no male heir.
Timawa
They are given the privilege to acquire
property, have any job, pick their own
wives, and also have a slave. In return,
they were expected to pay taxes and the
only class obligated to do so.
Maharlika
They have the same rights as the Timawa
but don't pay taxes; instead they provide
protection for their community.
Alipin
They serve anyone who is above their
class. They do the work inside a home
such as cooking, cleaning, and aiding their
masters with their duties.
Aliping Namamahay - have their own
quarters inside the property of their
master, has the right to choose their
husband or wife, can own property, and
being paid for their service.
Aliping Saguiguilid - have no home thus
lives with their master, can be sold by
their masters, serves without getting paid,
and cannot marry without the permission
of their master.
ECONOMY AND TRADING DURING
NEOLITIC PERIOD
WHAT IS NEOLITIC PERIOD?
THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD, ALSO CALLED
THE NEW STONE AGE, IS THE FINAL
STAGE OF CULTURAL EVOLUTION OR
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
AMONG PREHISTORIC HUMANS
NEOLITIC ECONOMY
The economy of the Neolithic Period was
based on agriculture and animal
husbandry and aimed at increasing and
manipulating production.
The Neolithic people conducted trade on
an extremely simple barter scale. Without
standardized coins made of precious
metals, all values were effectively
arbitrary: what something was worth
simply reflected what another person was
willing to give up for it.
PRE – COLONIAL DWELLINGS,
CLOTHING AND ORNAMENTS
Facts about the dwellings, clothing and
ornaments during Pre-Colonial Period
Dwellings- The dwellings or houses in
pre-colonial period is called "BahayKubo",
that are made of wood, bamboo, and nipa
palm.
Clothing- The mode of dressing in Pre-
Colonial Period are the head dresses,
blouses, tunics, scarves or ankle-length
robes that must wear during formal
occasion.
 In male attire, they wore a sleeve-
less jacket that called kangan and
bahag (loincloth) that is made of
"pinayusan", it is a gauze-thin
abaca of fibers. The color of the
kangan of men represents their
rank, like in color redit is for chief
and the black or blue is for
commoners. Men also wear ahead-
dress or turban that called putong,
which also tell the social status or
achievement of every individual in
this period. They say that if thcolor
is a red"putong" it is called as
magalong that defined as the
insignia of braves who had killed
an enemy.
 In female attire, they wear baro or
camisa (jacket withsleeves) for
The top and saya or patadyong sa
visayas ( longskirt) for the bottom.
Some women wore a piece of red
or white cloth on top of their
skirt that called tapis.
Ornaments
Both women and men wear ornaments to
look attractive like kalumbiga, pendants,
bracelets and leglets that made of gold.
Some wore gold filling between their
teeth tattoos were also fashionable for
some Colonial Filipinos and it also exhibit
ina man's war record In16thcentury
Spaniards named the ethnic group of
Visayas as the "Las Islas delos Pintados"
or in English term it is "Theisland of the
Painted ones", when they first arrived in
the Island of Cebu, Philippines.
Significance
The importance of Pre-colonial in
Philippine Clothingis it helps to show
theaffinity to the local and indigenous
people. In dwellings or houses that is
called Bahay Kubo in Pre-Colonial in the
Philippines it is important because it
symbolize the Philippine culture.
Ornaments is so important because it
represents beauty and it can create a
good look or attractive look during the
pre-colonial period and even now in the
21st century. Especially women wear the
ornaments in marriage and in all
functions. Also they feel happy and proud
when wearing and resembles status
symbol. Men also wear ornaments to
express dignity and probably less than
women.
Traditional Filipino Communities
How do early barangay choose their
leader as Rajah or Datu?
Is the title for chiefs, sovereign princes,
and monarchs in the Visayas
andMindanao regions of the Philippines.
Together with Lakan (Luzon), Apo in
Central and Northern Luzon Rajah or
Datu which is the leader of the barangay
consisting of 100-500 persons.
How do early barangay choose their
leader as Rajah or Datu?

The nobility of the Datu will be passed

down to the eldest son or a relative if he
has none. They are addressed as Ginoo
while Dayang for the women of
equivalent. Panginoon was reserved for
the most powerful who owns many slaves
and owned extensive properties. In large
settlements (called bayan among the
Tagalogs) in which several datus and
their barangays lived in close proximity,
paramount datus were chosen by datus
from amongst themselves in a more
democratic way, but even this position as
most senior among datus was often
passed on through heredity.

Significance/Relevance

It became the foundation of the

government system now days. It shows
that even our ancestor's time, Filipinos
have a systematic way in choosing a
leader.